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General matnahon + huge range of scales of high Re Hsttnt
Tetolance is dacisive: reactions, mixing, drog , amustics,
Approaches
~ dinesk numerical simidation (Dus)
all scales resoliest. —> no model requied
expensive
— logge edehy simulation (Les)
s only lame spobal scolss resolved — ‘sib-gid’ scales modeled
“moe cond. more used in prackica
—Reynoldls axeraged Nowier- Stokes (RANS)
-onby stokstical moments ore computed — "maon’ velocity
+ chswe problam —> “skotistical turbullanca modalling’
choop > stil most widely Used approach
simpordonk Sub-alegory: eddy viscosity medals (EvH) , eg. tha k-€ modal RANS equations,
Averaging of quankity OG!)
1
= Lima averaging > G0 = bn [ De Hdt — fer stokishical skeady slobe
»
= ensemble cerning > OK) = Lmtd, O8,L) paral
a
Reyratdh dacompesition: OK) = Ot) + 06,0
{© \e
«oY-@ — <8')-0
Dd
&
mrorandun equation, (2+ Guiting Be) 4G Lay
Me, Muw_ 12x , ) Ya
ye bx 3% 9 Bay
ptt
Conkimuity equation -©
1
De 2 Guraupoine 4RdS- Gjut>)
1 start Mud, MaXu 4D
Ot dx; Sd,
yep = ! Pr y
Goo: closure. of 2,
note Y= S
with k= 3 4ujul> (turbubink kinake energy)
ad en CSE): (lucbulence chissipalion rate)
eh) oe
“Cel
ith. Ku>
Nor walls and ok tow Re modificakens of k-€ eqs. are required ~ oflen usect.
- used for bends
= nck grec for
near voll behovier
Sepor
suicding, flows