EARTH SCIENCE
• LAYERS OF
THE EARTH
CRUST
● The outer layer of rock on
which humans and
animals live and plants
grow.
MANTLE
• A semi-solid magma layer
consisting of iron,
magnesium, and silicon.
CORE
• Centrally located solid
mass of metal (inner core)
and a liquid mass of iron
and nickel (outer core).
PLATE TECTONICS
“
Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that explains
how major landforms are created as a result of
Earth's subterranean movements.
3 TYPES OF PLATE TECTONICS
• SUBDUCTION
• LATERAL SLIDING
• SPREADING
SUBDUCTION : The action or process in
plate tectonics of the edge of one crustal plate
descending below the edge of another.
LATERAL SLIDING : When two tectonic
plates slide past each other, the place where
they meet is a transform or lateral fault.
SPREADING : It is a places where convection
currents rise up towards the crust's surface,
tectonic plates move away from each other in a
process known as seafloor spreading
EARTH QUAKES
a sudden and violent shaking of the ground,
sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of
movements within the earth's crust or volcanic
action.
Four types of earthquakes
Tectonic Earthquake
Tectonic earthquakes are caused
by the movement of the Earth’s
plates. The energy released
during these earthquakes is
incredibly powerful and can cause
extensive damage.
Volcanic Earthquake
Volcanic earthquakes are
caused by the movement of
magma beneath the Earth’s
surface. These earthquakes are
often smaller than tectonic
earthquakes, but they can still
cause significant damage.
Collapse Earthquake
Collapse earthquakes occur
when buildings or other
structures collapse. These
earthquakes are typically very
small but can be deadly if they
occur in a populated area.
Explosion Earthquake
Explosion earthquakes are
caused by the detonation of
explosives. These earthquakes
are usually very small but can
cause damage if they occur
near populated areas.
VOLCANOES
A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or
vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and
gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's
crust.
THE FOUR MAIN
TYPES OF VOLCANOES
Volcanoes vary in size and structure, depending on how
they’re formed.
Shield Volcanoes
Shield volcanoes are built slowly, from low-
viscosity lava that spreads far and quick.
Example of active shield volcano is in Mauna Kea
in Hawaii.
Strato Volcanoes
Also known as composite volcanoes,
stratovolcanoes are built relatively fast, at least
compared to shield volcanoes. This is because, in
between lava eruptions, composite volcanoes
emit ash and rock, which helps add structure to
the mound rather quickly.
Some well-known composite volcanoes are
Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount St. Helens in
Washington, and Mount Cotopaxi in Ecuador.
Volcanic Domes
Opposite to shield volcanoes, volcanic domes are
formed when lava is highly-viscous. Because the
thick lava can’t travel very far, it starts to pool
around the volcano’s vent.
This can sometimes create a pressure build-up,
meaning dome volcanoes are prone to explosive
eruptions.
Cinder Cones
These types of volcanoes typically don’t release
lava. Rather, their eruptions typically emit
volcanic ash and rocks, known as pyroclastic
products.
THANKYOUUU!
REPORTED BY:
Janet J. Cortez
Rochelle Mae De Guzman