Aa¨vq t 11  LwbR m¤ú`-Rxevk¥

1bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt

K. †K¬vwi‡bkb Kx?
L. wcqvR KvUvi mgq †PvL R¡v‡j †Kb?
M. †Kvb ai‡bi wewµqvi gva¨‡g †hŠMwU n‡Z cwjw_b cvIq vhvq mgxKiYmn
e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. I †hŠM 2wUi g‡a¨ †KvbwU m¤ú„³ Ges †KvbwU Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b
mgxKiYmn we‡kølb Ki|
1bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit
K. weøwPs cvDcvi hy³ K‡i cvwb‡Z RxevYygy³ Kivi c×wZ‡K †K¬vwi‡bkb e‡j|
L. wcqvR KvU‡j †PvL R¡‡j †Kbe¨vL¨v Ki|
DËit wcqv‡R i‡q‡Q mvjdv‡ii †hŠM| wcqvR KvUvi mgq GB †hŠM we‡qvwRZ
n‡q Drcbœ K‡i hv †Pv‡Li cvwbi ms¯ú‡k© mvjwdDivm Drcbœ K‡i
Ges GBKvi‡YB †PvL R¡vjv K‡i|
M. bs wewµqvwU m¤úbœ Ki‡j wb¤œiæc nq|

A_©vr ‡hŠMwUBw_b| Bw_b cwjgvi KviY wewµqvi gva¨‡g cwjw_wjb Drcbœ

K‡i|

msL¨K Bw_b AYy ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ hy³ n‡q j¤^v wkKj MVb K‡i| Gfv‡e Bw_b
g‡bvgvi n‡Z cwjBw_b ev cwjw_b cvIq vhvq|
N. bs wewµqvwU‡Z : I wgwjZ n‡q Drcbœ K‡i| myZivs I †hŠM
`ywU h_vµ‡gwg‡_b I Bw_b m¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b jvj ev ev`vgx
e‡Y©i †eªvwgb `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ wewµqvq AskMÖnY K‡i bv| d‡j `ªe‡bi jvj e‡Y©i
†Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|
wewµqv nq bv|
G ‡_‡K jvj e‡Y©i `ªeY †evSv hvq †hŠMwU m¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b| Aciw`‡K
Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b jvj e‡Y©i †eªvwgb `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ wewµqvq AskMÖnY
K‡i Kve©b Kve©b wØ e܇b ev wÎeÜb †eªvwgb hy³ nq| d‡j `ªe‡Yi jvj e©b
`yixfzZ nq| †hgb Bw_b &Gi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i WvB‡eªvg B‡_b Drcbœ
K‡i|

jvje‡Y©i `ªeY jvjeY© `~ixfzZ

wewµqvi d‡j `ªe‡Yi jvj eY© `~ixfzZnq| †h‡nZz †hŠMwU Giæc wewµqv †`q
†m‡nZ z †hŠMwU Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b|

2 bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt
gvP©-Ryb gv‡m evsjv‡`‡k msiÿ‡Yi Afv‡e cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Avjy bó nq|
Avjy †_‡K wb‡Pi wewμqvq B_vbj Drcbœ Kiv hvq|

÷
vP
©

(K) †c‡Uªvwjqv‡gi cÖavb Dcv`vb Kx?

(L) A¨vj‡Kb A‡cÿv A¨vjwKb mwμq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) Avjy †_‡K wg‡_b cÖ¯‘wZi eY©bv `vI|
(N) AwZwi³ Avjy‡K Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi weKí wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii m¤¢vebv
we‡kølY Ki|
2 bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit
K. ‡c‡Uªvwjqv‡gi cÖavb Dcv`vb nvB‡WªvKve©b wgkÖY|
L. A¨vjwKb, A¨vj‡K‡bi †P‡q AwaK mwµq| KviY, A¨vj‡Kbmg~n Kve©b-
Kve©b I Kve©b-nvB‡Wªv‡Rb kw³kvjx GKK mg‡hvRx e܇bi gva¨‡g
MwVZ| ZvB GB †hvMmg~n mn‡R ivmvqwbK wewµqvq AskMÖnY K‡i
bv| GRb¨ G‡`i c¨vivwdb e‡j| wKš‘ A¨vjwKb AYy‡Z Kve©b-Kve©b
wØeÜb we`¨gvb hvi cÖ_gwU kw³kvjx n‡jI eÜbwU LyeB `ye©j| d‡j
A¨vjwKb AYymg~n ivmvqwbKfv‡e AZ¨šÍ mwµq nq|
M. Avjy nj ÷vP© RvZxq †hŠM| ÷vP© n‡Z DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
nvB‡WªvKve©b †hŠM wg‡_b Drcbœ Kiv hvq| wb‡P Avjy Z_v ÷vP© n‡Z
wg‡_b cÖ¯‘wZ eY©bv Kiv njÑ
Avjy ev ÷vP© n‡Z wg‡_b cÖ¯‘wZ : DÏxc‡K we`¨gvb wewµqvi gva¨‡g
÷vP© †_‡K Møy‡KvR I Møy‡KvR‡K RvB‡gR GbRvB‡gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z B_vb‡j
iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq| cÖvß B_vbj‡K GwmWhy³ cUvwmqvg WvB‡µv‡gU A_ev
cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU Øviv RvwiZ Ki‡j cÖ_g B_vb¨vj
(A¨vwmUvjwWnvBW) I c‡i B_vbwqK GwmW Drcbœ nq|

B_v B_vb
bj ¨vj

B_vbwqK

Gfv‡e Drcbœ B_vbwqK GwmW‡K NaOH Gi mv‡_ wgwkÖZ Ki‡j

†mvwWqvg B_vb‡qU Drcbœ nq|

‡mvwWqvg

GLv‡b cÖvß †mvwWqvg B_vb‡qU‡K ‡mvWvjvBg Gi

wgkÖY) mn DËß Ki‡j wg‡_b cvIqv hvq|
(NaOH+CaO)
wewµqv : ‡mvWv
jvBg
Gfv‡e Avgiv ÷vP© Z_v Avjy †_‡K wg‡_b cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvwi|
N. evsjv‡`‡k cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Avjy Drcbœ n‡q _v‡K| msiÿ‡Yi Afv‡e cÖwZ
eQi cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Avjy bó nq|
A_P vwZwi³ G Avjy Avgiv Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi weKí wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z
cvwi| wb‡P Gi m¤¢ve¨Zv we‡kølY Kiv nq|
m¤¢ve¨Zv we‡kølY : Kqjv, cÖvK…wZK M¨vm, †c‡Uªvj, Rxevk¥
R¡vjvwb bv‡g cwiwPZ| G Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb I Aw·‡R‡bi `n‡b cÖPzi cwigvY
Zvckw³ cvIqv hvq| G Zvckw³‡K wewfbœ Kv‡R †hgb: we`y¨r Drcv`‡b,
gUi BwÄb Pvjv‡Z, wegvb Pvjv‡Z evm, gvB‡µvevm, UªvK, A‡Uvwi·v,
KjKviLvbv, ivbœvi Pzwjø I wk‡í ivmvqwbK wewµqv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z e¨eüZ
nq| G‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb wecyj A_© e¨q Ki‡Z n‡”Q Aciw`‡K cwi‡ekI
ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡”Q| A_P Avjy n‡Z wb¤œwjwLZ Dcv‡q B_vbj cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z
cvwiÑ
Avjy‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y ÷vP© _v‡K| ÷vP© n‡Z dvi‡g‡›Ukb c×wZ‡Z B_vbj
cvIqv hvq| G dvi‡g‡›Ukb `yav‡c N‡U| cÖ_‡g ÷vP©‡K Wvqv‡÷R bvgK
Wvqv
GbRvBg Øviv Av`ª©
‡÷R
40 - 50C
we‡kølY K‡i g‡ëvR myMv‡i ciYZ Kiv nq|
g‡ëv
R

g¨v‡ëR GbRvBg g‡ëvR‡K Av`ª©we‡kølY K‡i Møy‡KvR Ges WvB‡gm

GbRvBg Møy‡KvR‡K we‡qvwRZ K‡i B_vbj I CO2 M¨v‡m cwiwYZ K‡i|
g¨vj‡
Um
50C
Møy
RvB‡ ‡KvR
gR
25C

Avjy †_‡K Gfv‡e cÖvß B_vbj c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi
cwie‡Z© gUi BwÄb, wegvb, evm, UªvK, KjKviLvbvq weKí R¡vjvwbiƒ‡c
e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| †c‡Uªv‡ji mv‡_ (10-20%) B_vbj wgwkÖZ K‡i M¨vm‡nvj
(Gashol) bvgK R¡vjvwb ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡K R¡vjvwbiƒ‡c e¨envi Kiv nq|
Zvckw³|
‡h‡nZz A¨vj‡Kvnj †_‡K Avgiv cÖPzi cwigvY Zvckw³ cvB, ZvB AwZwi³
Avjy †_‡K B_vbj Drcbœ K‡i Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi weKí wn‡m‡e m¤¢e|
3 bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt
ch©vqμ‡g GKwU M¨vm‡K i †_‡K iii wewμqvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ c`v‡_©
cwiYZ Kiv nq|

(K) nvB‡WªvKve©b Kv‡K e‡j?

(L) ‡ebwRb A¨v‡iv‡gwUK nvB‡WªvKve©b ‡Kb?
(M) ii bs wewµqvwU ‡Kvb ai‡bi wewµqv? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g wewµqK M¨vmwU e¨envi eûgyLxKi‡Yi m¤¢vebv
we‡kølY Ki|
3 bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit
K. Kve©b I nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ †hŠM‡K nvB‡WªvKve©b e‡j|
L, ‡ebwRb Qq m`‡m¨i mgZjxq Pwµq †hŠM G‡Z GKvšÍi eÜb A_©vr
Kve©Y-Kve©b GKwU eÜb Ges GKwU wØeÜb we`¨gvb|
Gi GK PvwµK MV‡bi Dci I wb‡Pi w`‡K QqwU cvB () B‡jKUª‡bi †gN
mÂiYkxj Ae¯’vq Av‡Q| AZGe, †ebwR‡bi AvYweK MVb-AvK…wZ I
mÂiYkxj cvB B‡jKUªb msL¨v nv‡Kj wbq‡gi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nIqvq
†ebwRb‡K A¨v‡ivg¨vwUK †hŠM ejv nq|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ (ii) bs wewµqvwU wb¤œiƒc,

A¨vwmwUwjb wfbvBj ‡K¬vivBW

Dc‡iv³ wewµqvwU GKwU GKwU ms‡hvRb wewµqv K‡i| †h wewµqvq
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †hŠM ev †gŠj hy³ n‡q bZzb †hŠM Drcbœ nq Zv‡K
ms‡hvRb wewµqv e‡j|
Dc‡iv³ wewµqvwU nj nvB‡Wªv‡Rb-n¨vjvBW Z_v nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
‡K¬vivB‡Wi ms‡hvRb wewµqv|
GLv‡b, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb †K¬vivB‡Wi mv‡_ A¨vwmwUwj‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ ms‡hv‡M
wfbvBj †K¬vivBW Drcbœ nq|
‡hgb, dmdivm UªvB †K¬vivBW I †K¬vwi‡bi ms‡hv‡M dmdivm †c›Uv
†K¬vivBW MwVZ nq|

GwU GKwU ms‡hvRb wewµqv| †Zgwb DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq wewµqvwUI

`ywU †hŠ‡Mi g‡a¨ msNwUZ ms‡hvRb wewµqv|
N. DÏxc‡K we`¨gvb cÖ_g wewµqK M¨vmwU wg‡_b | wg‡_‡bi
e¨envimg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv njÑ
1. wg‡_b we`¨gvb Kve©b I nvB‡Wªv‡Rb DfqB `vn¨ c`v_©|
wg‡_b‡K evqyi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z `nb Ki‡j I cÖPzi cwigvY Zvckw³
Drcbœ nq, hv R¡vjvwb wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|
2. wg‡_b g„`y m~h©v‡jv‡Ki (uv) Dcw¯’wZ‡Z wewµqv K‡i wg_vBj
†K¬vivBW WvB‡K¬v‡ivwg‡_b UªvB‡K¬v‡iv wg‡_b
‡UUªv‡K¬v‡ivwg‡_b Gi wgkÖY Drcbœ nq|
 G wewµqvq Drcbœ wg_vBj †K¬vivBW wkí‡ÿ‡Î A¨vj‡Kvnj,
A¨vjwWnvBW, ‰Re GwmW cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq|
WvB‡K¬v‡ivwg_‡b Bgvjkb is wk‡í `ªveK wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv
nq| †K¬v‡ivdig †K †PZbvbvkK wn‡m‡e Ges Kve©b
†UUªv‡K¬vivBW †K WªvBIqv‡m `ªveK wnmv‡e I
AwMœwbe©vcK c`v_© wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|
3. wg‡_b‡K D”P Pv‡c I 900C ZvcgvÎvq wb‡Kj cÖfve‡Ki Dci wb‡q
Pvjbv Ki‡j ms‡køl900C
M¨vm Drcbœ
CO + 3Hnq|
2
D”PPvc
Ni ms‡køl
wewµqv : M¨vm
4. ms‡køl M¨vm‡K 400C ZvcgvÎv, 200 – 300 evqyPv‡c cÖfve‡Ki
Dci w`‡q Pvjbv Ki‡j wg_vbj Drcbœ nq, hv wewfbœ wewµqvq `ªveK
400C
wn‡m‡e e¨envi ZnO
Kiv +nq|
evqyPvc
Cr2O3
wewµqv :
5. wg_vbj‡K evZv‡mi Aw·‡Rb Øviv RvwiZ Ki‡j digvjwWnvBW
Drcbœ nq|

Gfv‡e Drcbœ digvjwWnvB‡Wi (30 – 40%) Rjxq `ªeY‡K digvwjb ejv nq|
digvwjb RxevYybvkK, †Kvb wKQzi cPb †iva Kivi Rb¨ ev RxeweÁv‡bi
bgybv msiÿ‡Y e¨cKfv‡e e¨eüZ nq|
AZGe, DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g wewµqK
M¨vmwUi eûgyLx e¨envi i‡q‡Q|

Ávbg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi:
cÖkœ-1. Møvm wK¬bv‡ii g~j Dcv`vb Kx?
DËit Møvm wK¬bv‡ii g~j Dcv`vb n‡jv A¨v‡gvwbqv |
cÖkœ-2. digvwjb Kx?
DËi: wg_vbvj ev digvjwWnvB‡Wi m¤ú„³ (40%; AvqZb wn‡m‡e, 37% fi
wn‡m‡e) Rjxq `ªeY‡K digvwjb e‡j|
cÖkœ-3. LwbR Kx?
DËi: f~-cÖ‡ôi ev f~M‡f©i †Kvb †Kvb wkj¯Í~‡c cÖPzi cwigv‡Y †hŠM
A_ev gy³ †gŠj wnmv‡e g~j¨evb avZz ev AavZz cvIqv hvq; G¸‡jv‡K
LwbR e‡j|
cÖkœ-4. Kx?
DËi: †Kvb Zij e‡R©¨ Dcw¯’Z ˆRe Dcv`vb‡K we‡qvwRZ Kiv Ges A‰Re
Dcv`vb‡K ivmvqwbKfv‡e RvwiZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY‡K
e‡j|
cÖkœ-5. gy³‡Rvo B‡jKUªb Kx?
DËi: †gŠ‡ji †hvR¨Zv ¯Í‡ii †h mKj B‡jKUªb eÜb MVb bv K‡i gy³fv‡e
†Rvoe× Aem_vq _v‡K, Zv‡`i‡K gy³‡Rvo B‡jKUªb e‡j|
cÖkœ-[Link] †mvbv Kx?
DËi: Acwi‡kvwaZ †Zj ev †c‡Uªvwjqvg Zij †mvbv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ&
cÖkœ-7. †cÖvwU‡bi g‡bvgvi Kx?
DËi: †cÖvwU‡bi g‡bvgvi n‡”Q A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW|
cÖkœ-8. weìvi Kx?
DËi: mvevb I wWUvi‡R‡›Ui Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× I g~j¨ n«v‡mi Rb¨
e¨eüZ †hŠM‡K we¯Ívi e‡j|
cÖkœ-9. wRIjvBU Kx?
DËi: wRIjvBU n‡”Q FYvZ¥K Avavb wewkó A¨vjywg‡bvwmwj‡KU (RwUj
†hŠM)|
cÖkœ-10. U‡jb weKviK Kx?
DËi: ÿvixq wmjfvi bvB‡Uªv‡Ui `ªeY‡K U‡jb weKviK e‡j|

Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi:
cÖkœ-1. Ômvjdvi cwieZ©bkxj †hvRbx †`LvqÕ e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: mvjdv‡ii B‡jKUªb web¨vm wb¤œi~cÑ

B‡jKUªb web¨vm †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q mvaviY Ae¯’vq mvjdv‡ii †kl Kÿc‡_
2wU we‡Rvo B‡jKUªb we`¨vgvb ZvB †hvRbx 2| wKšÍy †h‡nZz cÖavb
kw³¯Íi 3 ‡Z dvuKv d Dc¯Íi we`¨gvb †m‡nZz D‡ËwRZ Ae¯’vq mvjdv‡i 4 ev
6 wU we‡Rvo B‡jKUªb _vKvi Kvi‡Y †hvR¨Zv nq 4,6|

cÖkœ-2. Gi mv‡_ Mvp Gi wewµqv Kxfv‡e nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi: Kcv‡ii mwµqZv AZ¨šÍ Kg nIqvi Kvi‡Y mvaviY Ae¯’vq jNy Gwm‡Wi
mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i bv| wKš‘ Mvp bvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ Kcvi wewµqv
K‡i| Mvp bvBwUªK GwmW GKwU kw³kvjx RviK c`v_©| Mvp bvBwUªK
Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ Kcv‡ii wewµqv mvaviY A¤ø avZe wewµqv bq| G
wewµqvi nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi cwie‡Z© bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi A·vBW Drcbœ nq| Mvp
bvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi †ÿ‡Î Kcvi I bvBwUªK GwmW 1t4 Abycv‡Z wewµqv
K‡i|

cÖkœ-3. GKwU wbey`K e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

DËi: cvwbi cªwZ mvjwdDwiK Gwm‡Wi AvKl©Y Lye †ewk| cvwbi cÖwZ
cÖej Avmw³i Kvi‡Y Zv wewfbœ †hŠM n‡Z cvwb †ei K‡i wb‡q wbiæ`K
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

cÖkœ-4. †gvjvi `ªeY GKwU cÖgvY `ªeY| e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

DËi: †h `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv wbw`©ófv‡e Rvbv _v‡K Zv‡K cÖgvY `ªeY ejv nq|
Avgiv Rvwb, †gvjvi `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv hv wbw`©ófv‡e Rvbv| `ªe‡Y
1MÖvg `ªe `ªexf~Z _vK‡j †mB `ªeY‡K †gvjvi `ªeY e‡j| †gvjvi `ªe‡Yi
NbgvÎv wbw`©ófv‡e Rvbv _v‡K e‡j †gvjvi `ªeY‡K cÖgvY `ªeY ejv nq|
cÖkœ-5. †ebwRb GKwU A¨v‡iv‡gwUK †hŠM e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËi: †h me ˆRe †hŠ‡Mi AvYweK MVb PµvKvi, mgZjxq, GKvšÍi cvB
eÜbhy³ Ges P‡µ msL¨K mÂiYkxj cvB B‡jKUªb _v‡K Zv‡`i
A¨v‡iv‡gwUK †hŠM e‡j| †hgb: †ebwRb GKwU A¨v‡iv‡gwUK †hŠM| KviY,
†ewRb AYy‡Z GKvšÍwiZ wØeÜb Ges msL¨K mÂiYkxj cvB B‡jKUªb
_v‡K, ZvB †ebwRb‡K A¨v‡iv‡gwUK nvB‡WªvKve©b e‡j|

cÖ¨vKwUm Askt- (K) Ávb I (L) Abyavebg~jK cÖkœt

1. Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU Kv‡K e‡j?
2. c¨vivwdb Kx?
3. M¨v‡mvwjb Kx?
4. b¨vc_v Kx?
5. ‡K‡ivwmb Kx?
6. A¨v‡ivg¨vwUK †hŠM Kx?
7. A¨vwjd¨vwUK †hŠM Kv‡K e‡j?
8. A¨vj‡Kvnj Kv‡K e‡j?
9. K¨v‡U‡bkb Kx?
10. wf‡bMvi Kx?
11. A¨vj‡Kb Kx?
12. Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b Kv‡K e‡j?
13. gy³ wkKj nvB‡WªvKve©b Kv‡K e‡j?
14. `nb Kv‡K e‡j?
15. we‡hvRb Kv‡K e‡j?
16. cÖfveKxq fvOb Kv‡K e‡j?
17. A¨vjwKb Kx?
18. cwjgviKiY wewµqv Kv‡K e‡j?
19. cwjgvi Kx?
20. g‡bvgvi Kx?
21. PVC Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
22. digvwjb Kx?
23. ‰Re GwmW Kx?
24. digvjwWnvBW Kx?
25. A¨vjwWnvBW Kx?
26. wW‡Rj †Zj Kv‡K e‡j?
27. nvB‡Wªkb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
28. A¨vjwK‡bi cwjgviKiY wewµqv ej‡Z Kx †evS?
29. A¨vj‡Kvnj n‡Z Kxfv‡e ˆRe GwmW cv‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
30. GKwU GwmW †Kb?
31. b¨vc_vwj A¨v‡ivg¨vwUK †hŠM †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
32. Kv‡`i‡K c¨vivwdb e‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki|
33. A¨vj‡Kvnj ‰Re †hŠM wKš‘ nvB‡WªvKve©b bqÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|
34. A¨vjwKb mgcwigvY Kve©bwewkó A¨vj‡Kb †_‡K AwaK mwµq †Kb?
35. A¨v‡ivg¨vwUK I A¨vwjd¨vwU †hŠ‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki|
36. m¤ú„³ I Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
37. ‰Re I A‰Re †hŠ‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI|

cÖ¨vKwUm Askt- m„Rbkxj iPbvg~jK cÖkœt

1. A¨vj‡Kb I A¨vjwKb Df‡q gy³ wkKj nvB‡WªvKve©b| A¨vj‡K‡b Kve©b-

Kve©b GKK eÜb Ges A¨vjwK‡b Kve©b-Kve©b wØ-eÜb we`¨gvb|
A¨vj‡Kbmg~n `nb, n¨v‡jv‡Rb cÖwZ¯’vcb I Zvcxq we‡hvRb wewµqvq
Ask wb‡jI A¨vjwK‡bi gZ ms‡hvRb I‡RvbxKiY I cwjgviKiY wewµqvq Ask
†bq bv|
(K) LwbR Kx?
(L) gy³ wkKj nvB‡WªvKve©b ej‡Z Kx eyS?
(M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †hŠM؇qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Zz‡j ai|
(N) †hŠM `ywUi †KvbwU n¨v‡jv‡R‡bi mv‡_ ms‡hvM wewµqv †`‡e
bvÑ hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki|
2.
cwjg
vi
C15H32 2 X + C3H5+C8H18

m¤ú„³
nvB‡WªvKv
e©b

[GLv‡b X cÖZxKx A‡_©; cÖPwjZ †Kv‡bv †gŠ‡ji cÖZxK bq]

(K) `nb Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) †iW· wewµqv ej‡Z Kx eyS?
(M) X n‡Z cÖ¯‘ZK…Z cwjgv‡ii cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvjx I e¨envwiK cÖ‡qvM
†`LvI|
(N) X †hŠMwU‡K mn‡RB m¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©‡b cwiYZ Kiv hvq|
ÑDw³wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki|
3.
‡hŠM A ‡hŠM B ‡hŠM C
C2H6 C2H4 C2H4(OH)2
(K) A¨vj‡Kvnj Kx?
(L) †ebwRb‡K A¨v‡ivg¨vwUK †hŠM ejv nq †Kb?
(M) Dc‡ii †Kvb †hŠMwU Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b †hŠM?Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) †hŠM B ‡_‡K †hŠM A I C cÖ¯‘Z Kiv m¤¢e wKbv? †Zvgvi aviYvi
Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
4. (i) Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b+ m¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b|
(A)

(ii) Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b + Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b +

(B)
m¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b|
(A I B `yB Kve©b wewkó)
[GLv‡b A I B cÖZxKx A‡_© cÖPwjZ †Kv‡bv †gŠ‡ji cÖZxK bq]
(K) b¨vc_v Kx?
(L) m¤ú„³ I Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©‡bi g‡a¨ 3wU cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki|
(M) (ii) bs wewµqvwU `yB av‡c NUvi KviYmn e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) A I B Df‡q Am¤ú„³Zvi †eqvi cixÿv †`qÑ we‡kølY Ki|
5.
A

(K) nvB‡WªvKve©b Kx?

(L) Zvcxq we‡hvRb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
(M) A-Gi Kve©b msL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Mjbv¼ I ùzUbv¼ e„w×i
KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) A-Gi Ac~Y© `nb ¯^v¯’¨, cwi‡ek I RvZxq A_©bxwZi ÿwZ mvab
K‡i we‡kølY Ki|
6.
A

[GLv‡b A, B I C cÖZxKx A‡_© cÖPwjZ †Kv‡bv ‡gŠ‡ji cÖZxK bq]

(K) cwi‡kvab Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) e× wkKj nvB‡WªvKve©b ej‡Z Kx eyS? Ñe¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) C †hŠM n‡Z A †hŠ‡Mi ms‡kølY Kxfv‡e Kiv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
 (N) `ªveK I R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e C †hŠMwUi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki|

180 - 200C
7. Ni
A B

(K) cøvw÷K Kx?

(L) nvB‡Wªvkb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
(M) A I B Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU Kg `vn¨ ÑKviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) B Gi Zzjbvq A AwaK mwµq Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki|
8. (i) (ii)
A B

(K) A¨v‡ivg¨vwUK †hŠM Kv‡K e‡j?

(L) A¨vjKvB‡bi nvB‡Wªk‡bi gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e A¨vjwWnvBW Drcbœ Ki‡e
Ñe¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) A I B †hŠM `ywUi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Zz‡j ai|
(N) A I B Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU A¨v‡ivg¨vwUK †hŠM? Dˇii c‡ÿ hyw&³ `vI|
9.
(A) (B) (C) (D)

(K) wRIjvBUm Kx?

(L) Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
(M) D †hŠMwU kw³kvjx GwmW, avZz Ges cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡b‡Ui
mv‡_ wewµqvq AskMÖnY bv Kivi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) †c‡UªvK¨vwg‡Kj wk‡í DÏxc‡Ki wewµqvwUi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki|
10. GKB c`v‡_©i AmsL¨ AYy ev GKvwaK c`v‡_©i AmsL¨ AYy ci¯ú‡ii
mv‡_ hy³ n‡q e„nr AYy ev cwjgvi MVb K‡i| ˆewkó¨ I Dr‡mi wfwˇZ
cwjgv‡ii wfbœZv jÿ Kiv hvq| †hgb, cÖvK…wZK cwjgvi I K…wÎg
cwjgvi| G‡`i KvR I MV‡bi g‡a¨I wfbœZv jÿ Kiv hvq|
(K) cwjgvi Kx?
(L) mg‡qi mv‡_ Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi gRy` n«vm cv‡”Q| K_vwUi Zvrch©
Zz‡j ai|
(M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cwjgvi؇qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Zz‡j ai|
(N) gvbe Rxe‡b DwjøwLZ cwjgvi؇qi ¸iyZ¡ we‡kølY Ki|
11. (i) (ii)
(A) (B)
 (K) A¨vjwWnvBW Kx?
(L) gvbe Rxe‡b ˆRe imvq‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `ywU w`K e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) A I B †hŠ‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Zz‡j ai|
(N) A †hŠM‡K RvwiZ K‡i B †hŠM Ges B †hŠM weRvwiZ K‡i A †hŠM
cvIqv hvqÑ Dw³wUi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki|
12. A¨vj‡Kb MøvBKj
(C = 2)
(K) jyweª‡KwUs †Zj Kx?
(L) m¤ú„³ I Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Zz‡j ai|
(M) DwjøwLZ wewµqvwU Am¤ú„³Zvi †eqvi cixÿvq e¨envi Kiv nq
Ñe¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) A¨vjKvB‡bi wÎe܇bi Ae¯’vb wbY©‡q wewµqvwU e¨env‡ii
†hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki|