Abvm© 1g el© ● ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`‡qi BwZnvm ● Aa¨vqwfwËK cÖ‡kœi DËi

Aa¨vq 2 : ALÐ ¯^vaxb evsjv ivóª MV‡bi cÖqvm I Dcgnv‡`‡ki wefw³, 1947
KÑwefvM: AwZmswÿß cÖ‡kœi DËi DËi : †e½j weªwUk BwÛqv †mvmvBwU MwVZ nq
1. BD‡ivc †_‡K fvi‡Z Avmvi Rjc_ Avwe®‹vi 1843 mv‡j|
K‡ib †K? 13. †e½j weªwUk BwÛqv †mvmvBwUi cªwZôvZv mfvcwZ
DËi : BD‡ivc †_‡K fvi‡Z Avmvi Rjc_ †K?
Avwe®‹vi K‡ib cZ©ywMR bvweK fv‡¯‹v `v Mvgv| DËi : †e½j weªwUk BwÛqv †mvmvBwUi cªwZôvZv
2. fv‡¯‹v `v Mvgv †Kvb †`‡ki bvweK? mfvcwZ RR© Ugmb|
DËi : fv‡¯‹v `v Mvgv cZ©ywMR bvweK| 14. 'wn›`y †cwUªqU' Kx?
3. cjvwki hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj KZ wLª÷v‡ã KZ DËi : Ôwn›`y †cwUªqU' n‡jv fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki
Zvwi‡L? GKwU RvZxqZvev`x cwÎKvi bvg|
DËi : cjvwki hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj 1757 15. 'wn›`y †cwUªqU' cwÎKvi cª_g m¤úv`K †K wQ‡jb?
wLª÷v‡ãi 23 Ryb| DËi : 'wn›`y †cwUªqU' cwÎKvi cª_g m¤úv`K wQ‡jb
4. e·v‡ii hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj KZ wLª÷v‡ã KZ nwikP›`ª gy‡Lvcva¨vq|
Zvwi‡L? 16. 'wn›`y †cwUªqU' cwÎKvwU cª_g cªKvwkZ nq KZ
DËi : e·v‡ii hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj 1764 mv‡j?
wLª÷v‡ãi 22 A‡±vei| DËi : Ôwn›`y †cwUªqU' cwÎKvwU cª_g cªKvwkZ nq
5. fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi exR †ivwcZ 1853 mv‡ji 6 Rvbyqvwi|
nq KLb? 17. wn›`y‡gjv cªwZwôZ nq KZ mv‡j?
DËi : fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi exR DËi : wn›`y‡gjv cªwZwôZ nq 1867 mv‡j|
†ivwcZ nq Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡j| 18. fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mªm MwVZ nq KZ mv‡j?
6. mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv Kv‡K e‡j? DËi : fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mªm MwVZ nq 1885
DËi : a‡g©i Ace¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv we‡kl mv‡ji 27 wW‡m¤^i|
†Mvôxi ¯^v_©wmw×i D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ ag©vej¤^x‡`i 19. fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mªm cªwZôv K‡ib †K?
g‡a¨ ؇b&Øi m~ÎcvZ NUv‡j Zv‡K mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv DËi : fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mªm cªwZôv K‡ib
e‡j| A¨vjvb A±vwfqvb wnDg|
7. 'mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv' Gi Bs‡iwR Kx? 20. fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mª‡mi cª_g mfvi mfvcwZ †K
DËi : Ômv¤cÖ`vwqKZv' Gi Bs‡iwR wQ‡jb?
'Communalism' DËi : fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mª‡mi cª_g mfvi
8. †Kvb kã †_‡K 'Caste' k‡ãi DrcwË? mfvcwZ wQ‡jb e¨vwi÷vi D‡gkP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq|
DËi : cZ©ywMR 'caste' Ges j¨vwUb 'castus' kã 21. cª_gw`‡K fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mª‡mi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx
†_‡K 'Caste' k‡ãi DrcwË| wQj?
9. Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j m…ó wZbwU mv¤cÖ`vwqK DËi : cª_gw`‡K fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mª‡mi g~j
kw³i bvg D‡jøL Ki| D‡Ïk¨ wQj Bs‡iR miKv‡ii cªwZ AbyMZ †_‡K
DËi : Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j m…ó wZbwU wbqgZvwš¿K ivRbxwZ PP©v Kiv|
mv¤cÖ`vwqK kw³ n‡jv- 1. Rwg`vi mwgwZ, 2. 22. wbwLj fviZ wn›`y gnvmfv MwVZ nq KZ mv‡j?
fviZxq RvZxq 9 Ks‡Mªm I 3. wbwLj fviZ DËi : wbwLj fviZ wn›`y gnvmfv MwVZ nq 1915
gymwjg jxM| mv‡j|
10. Rwg`vi mwgwZ MwVZ nq KZ mv‡j? 23. wbwLj fviZ wn›`y gnvmfvi c~e©bvg Kx wQj?
DËi : Rwg`vi mwgwZ MwVZ nq 1837 mv‡j| DËi : wbwLj fviZ wn›`y gnvmfvi c~e©bvg wQj
11. †K Rwg`vi mwgwZi cªwZôvZv mfvcwZ wQ‡jb? wn›`ymfv|
DËi : ivavKvšÍ †`e Rwg`vi mwgwZi cªwZôvZv 24. 'India Wins Freedom' Mªš’wUi †jLK †K?
mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| DËi : 'India Wins Freedom' Mªš’wUi †jLK
12. †e½j weªwUk BwÛqv †mvmvBwU MwVZ nq KZ mv‡j? gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`|
25. †gvnv‡gWvb wjUv‡iwi †mvmvBwU KZ mv‡j MwVZ 37. e½f‡½i cªwZev‡` ivwLeÜb Drme ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb
nq? †K?
DËi : †gvnv‡gWvb wjUv‡iwi †mvmvBwU 1863 mv‡j DËi : e½f‡½i cªwZev‡` ivwLeÜb Drme ïiæ
MwVZ nq| K‡iwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi|
26. †K †gvnv‡gWvb wjUv‡iwi †mvmvBwUi cªwZôvZv 38. e½f½ i` Kiv nq KZ mv‡j?
wQ‡jb? DËi : e½f½ i` Kiv nq 1911 mv‡j|
DËi : beve Avãyj jwZd †gvnv‡gWvb wjUv‡iwi 39. e½f½ i` †NvlYv K‡ib †K?
†mvmvBwUi cªwZôvZv wQ‡jb| DËi : e½f½ i` †NvlYv K‡ib mgªvU cÂg RR©|
27. div‡qwR Av‡›`vjb Kx? 40. j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ m¤úvw`Z nq KZ mv‡j?
DËi : Dwbk kZ‡Ki cª_gfv‡M Rwg`vi I DËi : j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ m¤úvw`Z nq 1916 mv‡j|
bxjKi‡`i Bmjvgwe‡ivax Kvh©Kjvc I wbh©vZ‡bi 41. †K ¯^ivR `‡ji cªwZôvZv wQ‡jb?
cªwZev‡` nvwR kixqZyjøvni †bZ…‡Z¡ †h diRwfwËK A_ev, †K ¯^ivR `‡ji cªwZôvZv?
Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V Zv‡K div‡qwR Av‡›`vjb DËi : wPËiÄb `vk ¯^ivR `‡ji cªwZôvZv wQ‡jb|
e‡j| 42. '†e½j c¨v±' Gi D‡`¨v³v †K wQ‡jb?
28. div‡qwR Av‡›`vj‡bi AMªbvqK †K wQ‡jb? DËi : '†e½j c¨v±' Gi D‡`¨v³v wQ‡jb wPËiÄb
DËi : div‡qwR Av‡›`vj‡bi AMªbvqK wQ‡jb nvwR `vk|
kixqZyjøvn| 43. '†e½j c¨v±' m¤úvw`Z nq KZ mv‡j?
29. '`viæj nvie' k‡ãi evsjv Kx? DËi : '‡e½j c¨v±' m¤úvw`Z nq 1923 mv‡j|
DËi : Ô`viæj nvie' k‡ãi evsjv kÎyKewjZ †`k| 44. fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cª_g wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq KZ
30. Invwe Av‡›`vjb Kx? mv‡j?
DËi : fviZe‡l© ˆmq` Avng` †e‡ijwfi †bZ…‡Z¡ DËi : 1937 mv‡j fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cª_g
cwiPvwjZ Av‡›`vjb‡K Invwe Av‡›`vjb e‡j| wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq|
31. ÔInvwe' k‡ãi A_© Kx? 45. 1937 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b †Kvb `j miKvi MVb K‡i?
DËi : ÔInvwe' k‡ãi A_© ÔbeRvMiY'| DËi : 1937 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b K…lK cªRv cvwU©
32. fvi‡Z Invwe Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq KLb? miKvi MVb K‡i|
DËi : fvi‡Z Invwe Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq Dwbk 46. K…lK cªRv cvwU©i cªavb †K wQ‡jb?
kZ‡Ki cª_gw`‡K| DËi : K…lK cªRv cvwU©i cªavb wQ‡jb G. †K.
33. evsjv kvm‡b Bs‡iR‡`i kvmbbxwZ Kx wQj? dRjyj nK|
DËi : evsjv kvm‡b Bs‡iR‡`i kvmbbxwZ wQj 47. wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i cªeZ©K †K?
'fvM Ki I kvmb Ki'| DËi : wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i cªe³v gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn|
34. e½f½ KLb nq? 48. †Kvb Abyôv‡b wRbœvn wØRvwZ ZË¡ †NvlYv K‡ib?
DËi : e½f½ 1905 mv‡j nq| DËi : gymwjg jx‡Mi jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b wRbœvn
35. e½f‡½i †NvlYv cª`vb K‡ib †K? wØRvwZ ZË¡ †NvlYv K‡ib|
DËi : e½f‡½i †NvlYv cª`vb K‡ib weªwUk Mfb©i 49. wRbœvn KLb wØRvwZ ZË¡ †NvlYv K‡ib?
jW© KvR©b| DËi : wRbœvn 1939 mv‡j wØRvwZ ZË¡ †NvlYv
36. KZ mv‡ji KZ Zvwi‡L e½f½ Kvh©Ki nq? K‡ib|
DËi : 1905 mv‡ji 16 A‡±vei e½f½ Kvh©Ki 50. cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi m…wó nq †Kvb Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ?
nq| DËi : cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi m…wó nq gynv¤§` Avjx
wRbœvni wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ|

LÑwefvM: mswÿß cÖ‡kœi DËi

1. mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv ej‡Z Kx eyS?
A_ev, mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv Kx?
 DËi f~wgKv : fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cªavbZ `ywU ag©xq m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvK emevm K‡i| GKwU n‡”Q wn›`y, AciwU gymwjg|
fviZxq weªwUk kvmb Kv‡qg nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ evsjvi wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ mvs¯‹…wZK HK¨ I m¤cÖxwZ eRvq wQj|
wKš‘ fvi‡Z weªwUk kvmb Kv‡qg n‡j Zv bó n‡q hvq Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cªKU ˆelg¨ †`Lv †`q|
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv : mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv ej‡Z mvaviYfv‡e a‡g©i bv‡g ag©vwZwi³ j¶¨ wmw×i Rb¨ KvR Kiv‡K eySv‡bv nq|
Giƒc mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvm¤úbœ †Kv‡bv m¤cÖ`vq ag©‡K ag©vÜZvq iƒcvšÍi K‡i Ges ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I
mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î wb‡R‡`i cªfve-cªwZcwË we¯Ív‡ii Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i| ZvB mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv K_vwU‡K wewfbœ A‡_©
wewfbœfv‡e cª‡qvM Kiv nq| mv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bvfvem¤úbœ †jv‡Kiv g‡b K‡ib †h, Zv‡`i a‡g©i AbyivMx‡`i mKj ¯^v_©
Awfbœ Ges Zv Ab¨ m¤cÖ`vq †_‡K c…_K| Gme †jvK ag©xq wek¦vm‡KB mgvR I ivRbxwZi wfwË e‡j g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb|
mv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bvfvevcbœ gvbyl ev †Mvôx Ab¨ ag©xq †Mvôxi m`m¨‡`i AvPvi AvPiY I g~j¨‡eva‡K cªwZØwb&ØZvc~Y© I
mvsNwl©K g‡b K‡i| weªwUkiv fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Zv‡`i kvmb‡K wb®‹ÈK Kivi Rb¨ fvM Ki I kvmb Ki (Divide
and Rule) bxwZ cª‡qvM Ki G‡`‡k wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ fqsKi mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi exR ecb K‡i GK m¤cÖ`vq‡K
Ab¨ m¤cÖ`v‡qi kÎy‡Z cwiYZ K‡i| 1946 mv‡ji wn›`y-gymwjg `v½v mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi djkªywZ| G mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vq
eû‡jv‡Ki cªvYnvwb N‡U| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k GKmgq wn›`y I gymjgvbiv µgvš^‡q `~‡i m‡i hvq| Zviv G‡K A‡b¨i
cwic~iK bv †f‡e kÎy fvev Avi¤¢ K‡i| d‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Rb¥ †bq DMª mv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bvfve| gymjgvbiv Zv‡`i a‡g©i
I ms¯‹…wZi Ici wfwË K‡i Bmjvwg RvZxqZv m…wó K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, wn›`yivI Zv‡`i ag©xq I mvgvwRK Rxeb‡K †K›`ª
K‡i wn›`y RvZxqZv‡eva wf m…wó K‡i|
cªvgvY¨ msÁv :
e`iæÏxb Dg‡ii g‡Z, Ò†Kv‡bv e¨w³i g‡bvfve‡K ZLbB mv¤cÖ`vwqK AvL¨v †`Iqv nq hLb †m GK we‡kl ag©
m¤cÖ`vqfyw³i wfwˇZ Ab¨ GK ag© m¤cÖ`vq Ges Zvi AšÍfy³ © e¨w³i weiæ×vPiY Ges ¶wZmvab Ki‡Z cª¯ÍyZ _v‡K|Ó
cwÐZ Avey mvBwq¨` e‡jb, Òmv¤cÖ`vwqKZv n‡jv a‡g©i †P‡q ag© m¤cÖ`vq‡K Ges e¨w³i †P‡q †Mvôx‡K eo K‡i †`Lv|
A_©vr †h wb‡R‡K memgq wn›`y ev gymjgvb e‡j fve‡Z Af¨¯Í †m mv¤cÖ`vwqK gvbyl A‡b¨i mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡j Zvi
PwiÎ, we`¨veyw×, ivR‰bwZK gZv`k© BZ¨vw`i †LvuR bv wb‡q cª_‡gB Rvb‡Z Pvq †jvKwU eªvþY bv k~`ª, wn›`y bv gymjgvb,
Bûw` bv wLª÷vb|"
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb Kv‡qg Kivi Rb¨ weªwUkiv my‡KŠk‡j wn›`y
I gymjgvb‡`i‡K Df‡qi weiæ‡× †jwj‡q †`q| hvi d‡j GZw`b GKmv‡_ emevmKvix wn›`y I gymjgvbMY G‡K Ac‡ii
kÎy fve‡Z _v‡K| ïiæ n‡q hvq mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv cieZ©x‡Z bvbv Kvi‡Y G mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv Zxeª AvKvi aviY K‡i| hv †kl
ch©šÍ ALÐ fviZel©‡K LwÐZ K‡i †d‡j|
2. e½f‡½i aviYv `vI|
A_ev, e½f½ ej‡Z Kx eyS?
DËi : f~wgKv : 1905 mv‡ji e¶vZ weªwUk fviZ kvmbvg‡ji GKwU Af¨šÍ Zvrch©c~Y© NUbv| evsjvi wefw³ Ges
Avmv‡gi m‡Kv Gi GKwU Ask hy³ K‡i bZyb cª‡`k MV‡bi gvÎ 6 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Zv weªwUk KZ©…K evwZj †NvwlZ nq|
hw`I weªwUk kvmKiv ev wefvM‡K ¯’vqx e¨e¯’ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQj|
e½f½: weªwUk fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb Mfb©i jW© KvR©b 1905 mv‡j ALÐ evsjv‡K `ywU fv‡M fvM K‡ib| kvmbKv‡h©i
myweav‡_© weªwUk miKvi evsjv †cªwm‡WwÝ wefw³Ki‡Yi K_v wPšÍv Ki‡Z _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î D‡`¨vMx f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib
m¨vi e¨vgwdì dyjvi Ges m¨vi A¨vÛªy †dªRvi| ZrKvjxb weªwUk fvi‡Zi eojvU jW© KvR©bI eûevi welqwU Av‡jvPbv
K‡ib| AZtci 1905 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i e¶¨Zv m¤úbœ nq| Gmgq evsjv‡K `ywU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v:
1. evsjv cª‡`k : evsjv cª‡`k evsjv, wenvi I DWwol¨v wb‡q MwVZ n‡qwQj| KjKvZv wQj Gi ivRavbx|
2. c~e©e½ I Avmvg cª‡`k : XvKv, ivRkvnx, PÆMªvg I Avmvg‡K wb‡q c~b©e¶v I Avmvg bv‡g GKwU bZyb cª‡`k
MwVZ nq Ges Gi avbx XvKv bZyb cª‡`‡ki AvqZb wQj 1,06,504 eM©gvBj| Gi †jvKmsL¨v wQj 3 †KvwU 10
jvq| RbmsL¨vi msL¨vMwiô Ask wQj gymjgvb|
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m evZv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| Z‡e evf‡Zvi wcQ‡b cªavb KviY wQj| weªwUk
kvmK‡`i ivR‰bwZK `~iwfmwÜ| Dcgnv‡`‡k Zv‡`i kvmb‡K cvKv‡cvi Ki‡ZB Zviv e½f½ K‡i|
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, 1905 mv‡j weªwUk miKvi KZ©…K e½f‡½i KviY wn‡m‡e kvmbKv‡h©i myweav‡K cªvavb¨
w`‡jI g~jZ Gi wcQ‡b Ab¨Zg KviY wQj, 'fvM Ki I kvmb Ki' bxwZ Kv‡qg Kiv| Z‡e ejZv‡K gymjgvbiv ¯^vMZ
 Rvbv‡jI wn›`y m¤cÖ`vq ejgvZvi Av‡”Qb e‡j AvL¨v w`‡q Zv eR©b K‡i| Gi djkªywZ‡Z 1911 mv‡j Bs‡iR miKvi
eÜvZv i` Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
3. e½f‡½i KviYmg~n D‡jøL Ki|
A_ev, e½f½ †Kb Kiv nq?
DËi : f~wgKv : fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv msMªv‡gi BwZnv‡m e½f½ GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i‡Q| Ewbk kZ‡Ki w`‡K
weªwUk miKvi RvZxqZvev`‡K `g‡bi Rb¨ we‡f` bxwZ cª‡qv‡Mi †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ RvZxq Ks‡Mªm Zvi d‡j `wgZ bv
n‡q wbqgZvwš¿K c‡_ Av‡›`vjb Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| jW© KvR©b fvi‡Zi eojvU n‡q Avmvi ci e…nËi e½ cª‡`‡ki
kvmbKv‡h©i myweavi Rb¨ 1905 mv‡j evsjv †cªwm‡Ww݇K †f‡O Avjv`v cª‡`k m…wó K‡ib|
e½f‡½i KviY : e½f‡½i wcQ‡b AmsL¨ KviY wQj| wb‡gœ e½f‡½i KviYmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. cªkvmwbK KviY : ev‡K wef³ Kivi cªkvmwbK hyw³ †`wL‡q 1902 mv‡j jW© KvR©b fviZ mwPe‡K †j‡Lb †h,
e½ cª‡`‡ki AvqZb 2 jvL eM©gvBj Ges RbmsL¨v cªvq 7 †KvwU 85 jvL| G wekvj AvqZb Ges wecyj
RbmsL¨v Aay¨wlZ evsjv‡K GKRb cªkvm‡Ki c‡¶ myPviæiƒ‡c kvmb Kiv m¤¢e bq|
2. ivR‰bwZK KviY : evsjv‡K wef³ Kivi cðv‡Z Av‡iKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KviY wQj ivR‰bwZK| ivR‰bwZK
Kvi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K¸‡jv n‡jv :
K. RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi D‡b¥l : fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mªm (Indian National Congress) cªwZwôZ
nIqvq fvi‡Zi wn›`ymgvR m‡PZb n‡q I‡V Ges ax‡i ax‡i RvZxqZvev`x| Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j|
Giƒc RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv I mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K `gb Kivi Rb¨ weªwUk miKvi evsjv‡K wef³
Kivi wm×všÍ †bq|
L. fvM Ki I kvmb Ki : weªwUk miKvi 'Divide and Rule' bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx| ZvB evsjv‡K wef³ K‡i
GKwU m¤cÖ`vq‡K wb‡R‡`i AbyK~‡j †i‡L Aci m¤cÖ`vq‡K kvmb Kivi cwiKíbv MªnY K‡i|
3. A_©‰bwZK KviY : ZrKv‡j evsjv †cªwm‡WwÝi (evsjv, Dwol¨v, wenvi I †QvU bvMcyi) ivRavbx KjKvZv‡K †K›`ª
K‡i e¨emv evwYR¨, wkíKviLvbv M‡o I‡V| c~e©evsjvq cvU Drcbœ n‡jI cvUKj¸‡jv M‡o I‡V KjKvZvq|
d‡j KjKvZv Aíw`‡b mg…w×kvjx n‡q I‡V| Ab¨w`‡K, c~e©evsjvi msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb‡`i A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v
†kvPbxq n‡Z _v‡K| Giƒc Ae¯’vi nvZ †_‡K gyw³i j‡¶¨ ¯^ivóª mwPe wg. wiRwj cªkvmwbK I ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi
mgm¨vi K_v D‡jøL K‡i eojvU‡K cÎ †j‡Lb| D³ c‡Îi †hŠw³KZv wePvi K‡i evsjv fvM Kiv nq|
4. mvgvwRK I mv¤cÖ`vwqK KviY : wn›`y I gymjgvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi mvgvwRK HwZn¨ I ag©xq ixwZbxwZ m¤ú~Y© wfbœ|
ZvB c~e©e‡½i gymjgvbMY wb‡R‡`i mvgvwRK I ag©xq Av`‡k©i wfwˇZ bZyb cª‡`‡k mgvRe¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi
cªZ¨vkv K‡i|
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, e½f‡½i cªavb KviY wQj cªkvmwbK| g~jZ kvmbZvwš¿K myweav I Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨
Ges wn›`y Ks‡Mªmev`x‡`i cªfve Kgv‡bvB wQj Gi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| hw`I e½f‡½i gva¨‡g c~e©evsjvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †¶‡Î
ewÂZ I cwðgevsjv KjKvZvi Øviv †kvwlZ n‡Zv Zv †iva Kiv m¤¢e nq| Z‡e †kl ch©šÍ DMªev`x wn›`y‡`i Zxeª
Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L 1911 mv‡j e½f½ i` nq|
4. 1905 mv‡j e½f‡½i djvdj e¨vL¨v Ki|
A_ev, e½f‡½i djvdj Kx n‡qwQj?
DËi : f~wgKv : 1905 mv‡ji e½f½ Awef³ evsjvq Z_v mgMª fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
NUbv| 1905 mv‡ji c~‡e© 'evsjv †cªwm‡WwÝ' wQj fvi‡Zi w³ me©e…nr cª‡`k| 1905 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i e½f‡½i †NvlYv
cª`vb Kiv nq Ges 15 A‡±vei †_‡K Zv Kvh©Ki nq|
e½f‡½i djvdj : e½f‡½i djvdj mvgwqK n‡jI we‡kl K‡i c~e©e‡½i msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb m¤cÖ`vq †ewk jvfevb
n‡qwQj wb‡gœ e½f‡½i djvdj mwe¯Ív‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. gymjgvb‡`i cªwZwµqv : e½f‡½i d‡j XvKv bZyb cª‡`‡ki Z_v 'c~e©e½ I Avmvg' Gi ivRavbx nq| ivRavbx
XvKv‡K †K›`ª K‡i wewfbœ wkícªwZôvb, Awdm, Av`vjZ, wk¶vcªwZôvb M‡o I‡V| d‡j gymjgvbMY bvbvwea
my‡hvM myweav jv‡f m¶g nq| Awdm, Av`vjZ, wk¶vcªwZôvbmn eo eo myig¨ AÆvwjKv M‡o IVvq XvKvi
kªxe…w× N‡U| e½f½‡K gymjgvbMY Zv‡`i üZ †MŠie I gh©v`v wd‡i cvIqvi Avb‡›` †g‡Z I‡V| beve m¨vi
mwjgyjøvn e½f½ cwiKíbvwU Kvh©Ki Kivi w`b XvKvq GK Rbmfvq e‡jb, Òe½f½ Avgv‡`i‡K wbwl&µqZvi
 nvZ †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q‡Q| GwU Avgv‡`i DÏxß K‡i‡Q Kg©mvabvq Ges msMªv‡g|Ó A_©vr e½f‡½i d‡j c~e©evsjvi
MYgvby‡li fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi Øvi D‡b¥vwPZ nq|
2. wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi cªwZwµqv : e½f‡½i weiæ‡× wn›`y‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj LyeB KwVb| evsjvi D”P I ga¨weË wn›`yivB
Gi weiæ‡× cªPÐ So Zy‡jwQj KjKvZvi AvBbRxex mwgwZ g‡b Kij e½f‡½i A_© bZyb cª‡`‡k nvB‡KvU© cªwZôv
Kiv| Aciw`‡K, KjKvZvi mvsevw`KivI Zv‡`i ¯^v_© bm¨vr n‡e †R‡b Gi weiæ×vPiY ïiæ K‡i| cwðgv wkw¶Z
wn›`ymgvR g‡b K‡i †h, c~e©evsjvq µ‡gvbœwZkxj wkw¶Z I ivRbxwZ m‡PZb wn›`ymgv‡Ri weKvk †iv‡ai cvëv
e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e weªwUk miKvi c~e©evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i cªfve e…w×i Rb¨ G e¨e¯’v wb‡q‡Q| KvwkgevRv‡ii GK
Rbmfvq mfvcwZ gnvivRv gnx›`ªP›`ª b›`x e½f‡½i cªwZev` Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, Òbqv cª‡`‡k gymjgvb RbM‡Yi
ivRZ¡ n‡e– evOvwj wn›`yiv n‡q co‡e msL¨vjNy| Avgiv wb‡R‡`i gvwU‡Z AvMš‘K n‡q coe| G m¤¢vebvq Avwg
AvZw¼Z| G m¤¢vebv Avgv‡K Avgv‡`i RvwZi fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© D‡ØMvKyj K‡i †Zv‡j|Ó
3. gymwjg jx‡Mi Rb¥ : 1906 mv‡j KwZcq gymwjg †bZ…e…‡›`i cª‡Póvq gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_© msi¶Y I weªwUk
miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Zv‡`i `vwe`vIqv †ck Kivi Rb¨ mv¤cÖ`vwqK ivR‰bwZK `j wn‡m‡e gymwjg jx‡Mi Rb¥ nq|
cieZ©x‡Z 1909 mv‡j gwj©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi AvB‡b gymjgvb‡`i c…_K wbe©vPb c×wZ ¯^xK…Z n‡j wn›`y m¤cÖ`vq
†¶v‡f †d‡U c‡o|
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, 1905 mv‡ji e½f½ c~e©e‡½i MYgvby‡li g‡b GK bZyb Avkv I DÏxcbvi mÂvi
K‡iwQj| XvKv bZyb cª‡`‡ki ivRavbx nIqvq bZyb Awdm Av`vjZ I myig¨ AÆvwjKv M‡o I‡V Ges XvKvi kªxe…w×
N‡U| wKš‘ Kv‡qwg ¯^v_©ev`x gnj I eY©ev`x wn›`yiv GUv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB Zviv e½f‡½i weiæ‡× e¨vcK Av‡›`vjb
M‡o †Zv‡j|
5. 1906 mv‡j gymwjg jx‡Mi MVb Av‡jvPbv Ki|
A_ev, 1906 mv‡j gymwjg jx‡Mi MVb m¤ú‡K© †jL|
DËi : f~wgKv : 1885 mv‡j Ks‡Mªm cªwZwôZ nIqvi ci †_‡K GwU me©fviZxq RbM‡Yi cªwZwbwaZ¡ Kivi cwie‡Z©
µgvš^‡q wn›`y c¶vej¤^b K‡i| d‡j gymjgvb‡`i `vwe`vIqv¸‡jv A‡MvP‡i †_‡K hvq| gymjgvbiv Zv‡`i AwaKvi,
`vwe`vIqv, mgm¨v, b¨vh¨Zv I ¯^v_© Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ GKwU cøvUdg© MVb Kivi cª‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡i| GiB
cwi‡cªw¶‡Z XvKvi beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvni we‡kl D‡`¨v‡M 1906 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤^i gymwjg jxM AvbyôvwbKfv‡e
AvZ¥cªKvk K‡i|
gymwjg jxM MVb : weªwUk miKvi 1906 mv‡j bZybfv‡e kvmb ms¯‹vi Pvjy Kivi welq we‡ePbv Kivi †cªw¶‡Z gymjgvbiv
mwµqfv‡e ivRbxwZ‡Z AskMªn‡Yi B”Qv †cvlY K‡i| GiB avivevwnKZvq 1906 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei AvMv Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡
35 R‡bi GKwU `j eojvU wg‡›Uvi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i GKwU `vwebvgv †ck K‡ib| G `vwebvgvq gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_©
msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ bZyb ms¯‹vi AvB‡b Zv‡`i c…_K wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi I AvBbmfvq Zv‡`i msL¨v Abyhvqx cªvc¨ Avm‡bi
†P‡q AviI †ewk Avmb †`Iqvi `vwe Rvbv‡bv nq| HwZnvwmK m~‡Î Rvbv hvq †h, wmgjvi gymwjg cªwZwbwa m‡¤§j‡bi
mgq gymjgvb †bZ…e…›` Zv‡`i `vwe`vIqv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ GKwU c…_K ivR‰bwZK msMVb cªwZôvi Avek¨KZv Abyfe
K‡ib| 1906 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤^i XvKvq wbwLj fviZ gymwjg wk¶v m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| fvi‡Zi wewfbœ cª‡`k †_‡K
cªvq AvU nvRvi cªwZwbwa G m‡¤§j‡b AskMªnY K‡i| G m‡¤§j‡b beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn 'wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxM' bvgK
GKwU ivR‰bwZK msMVb cªwZôvi cª¯Íve †`b| G cª¯vÍ e mg_©b K‡ib nvwKg AvRgj Lvb, Rvdi Avjx Lvb, gyn¤§`
Avjx cªgyL †bZ…e…›`| Gfv‡e 1906 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤^i XvKvq gymwjg jx‡Mi AvZ¥cªKvk N‡U|
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, fvi‡Z weªwUk miKv‡ii wbKU `vwe`vIqv †ck Kivi Rb¨ 1885 mv‡j me©fviZxq
Ks‡Mªm MwVZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z Ks‡Mªm wbi‡c¶ PwiÎ eRvq ivL‡Z e¨_© n‡j Ks‡Mªm MV‡bi wk¶v †_‡KB gymjgvbiv
wfbœ RvwZ wn‡m‡e wU‡K _vKvi, `vwe Av`v‡qi Rb¨ 1906 mv‡j gymwjg jxM MVb Kivi †cªiYv cvb| GKch©v‡q 1906
mv‡j me©fviZxq gymwjg wk¶v m‡¤§j‡b gymwjg jxM MwVZ nq| d‡j evsjvi gymjgvbiv cªwZev‡`i fvlv cªKv‡ki gva¨g
Lyu‡R cvq|
6. j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ Kx?
A_ev, j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ ej‡Z Kx eyS?
 DËi : f~wgKv : 1916 mv‡j m¤úvw`Z j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ fviZe‡l©i BwZnv‡m AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU NUbv| G Pyw³ m¤úvw`Z
nq Ks‡Mªm Ges gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡a¨| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×vËi RwUj mg‡qi Ave‡Z© j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ wQj fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k
wn›`y I gymwjg Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©c~Y©|
j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ : 1909 mv‡ji gwj©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi AvBb fviZe‡l© `vwqZ¡kxj kvmbe¨e¯’v cªeZ©‡b e¨_© nIqvq fviZe‡l©i
RbMY G AvBb‡K g‡bcªv‡Y MªnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| fviZxq Ks‡Mªm weªwUk miKv‡ii weiæ‡× Am‡šÍvl cªKvk K‡i| Gw`‡K
1911 mv‡j evsKv i` Kivq gymjgvbiv weªwUk miKvi‡K wek¦vmNvZK e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| 1912-'13 mv‡ji ejKvb
hyׇK gymjgvbMY Bmjv‡gi ZievwiL¨vZ Zyi‡¯‹i cªwZ wLª÷vb kw³i lohš¿ e‡j a‡i †bq Ges 1914 mv‡j cª_g
wek¦hy‡× Zyi¯‹ Rvg©vwbi c¶vej¤^b Kivq cwiw¯’wZ AviI RwUjZi n‡q I‡V| Ab¨w`‡K, fviZxiv| Zxeª we‡¶v‡f †d‡U
c‡o| G †cª¶vc‡U fviZxq Ks‡Mªm I gymwjg jxM †bZ…e…›` cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g| G wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ
nq †h, fvi‡Zi fwel¨r msweavb cªYq‡bi e¨vcv‡i G `ywU ivR‰bwZK msMVb weªwUk miKv‡ii wbKU hy³ cwiKíbv †ck
Ki‡eb| G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b wb‡q Ks‡Mªm I gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡a¨ c…_K c…_K kvmbZvwš¿K cªYqb cwiKíbv cªYqb
KwgwU MwVZ nq|
1916 mv‡ji 29 I 30 wW‡m¤^i j‡¶&YŠ‡Z Ks‡Mªm I gymwjg jx‡Mi evwl©K Awa‡ekb ïiæ n‡j Df‡qi Awa‡ek‡b
KwgwU KZ©…K hy³ mvsweavwbK cwiKíbv DÌvwcZ nq Ges Zv me©m¤§wZµ‡g M…nxZ nq| fviZxq Ks‡Mªm I gymwjg jxM
KZ©…K M…nxZ G mvsweavwbK cwiKíbvwUB HwZnvwmK j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ bv‡g AwfwnZ|
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ wQj fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb ivR‰bwZK †cª¶vcU‡K kvšÍ Kivi cªqvm| Avi
ev¯Íe‡¶‡ÎI G cªqvm mvdj¨ jvf K‡iwQj| j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³i me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`KwU n‡jv weªwUk miKv‡ii mv‡_ ˆeix
m¤ú‡K©i mgq G Pyw³wU wQj Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi m¤cÖxwZi Abb¨ `…óvšÍ| ZvB GB Pyw³i ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
7. wØRvwZ ZË¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki|
A_ev, wØRvwZ ZË¡ m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c †jL|
DËi : f~wgKv : fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m †h welqwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Zv n‡jv wØRvwZ ZË¡| wRbœvni
†NvwlZ ÔGK RvwZ GK ivóª' G gZev` wek kZ‡Ki wØZxq `kK †_‡KB Rbmg_©b jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| 'wn›`y-gymjgvb
`ywU c…_K RvwZ' GB bxwZi wfwˇZ wRbœvn gymjgvb‡`i †h c…_K RvwZmËvi `vwe K‡i ZvB wØRvwZ ZË¡ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
wØRvwZ ZË¡ : fvi‡Z 1937 mv‡j ¯^vqËkvmb Kvh©Ki n‡jI gymjgvbiv D‡cw¶Z nq| Ggb Ae¯’vq 1939 mv‡j wbwLj
fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ wRbœvn gymjgvb I wn›`y‡`i RvwZmËv m¤ú‡K© †h ZvwË¡K fveaviv we‡kølY K‡ib ZvB
wØRvwZ ZË¡ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G fvl‡Y wRbœvn e‡jb, Ò†h‡Kv‡bv AvšÍR©vwZK gvb`‡Ð gymjgvbiv GKwU RvwZ| ZvB Zv‡`i
GKwU c…_K Avevmf~wg cª‡qvRb, cª‡qvRb GKwU f~L‡Ði Ges GKwU iv‡óªi|Ó
wRbœvn Zvi wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i c‡¶ wb‡gœv³ hyw³ †ck K‡ib :
1. fviZ GKwU †`k bq; eis GKwU Dcgnv‡`k| wRbœvn fviZ‡K GKwU †`‡ki cwie‡Z© GKwU Dcgnv‡`k wn‡m‡e
Dc¯’vcb K‡i AÂj I RvwZwfwËK c…_K ivóª MV‡bi cª¯vÍ e K‡ib|
2. †h wfwˇZ G gnv‡`‡k wn›`yiv GKwU RvwZ, †m wfwˇZ gymjgvbivI GKwU RvwZ| wRbœvn eySv‡Z Pvb †h `xN©w`b
cvkvcvwk emevm Ki‡jI wn›`y I gymjgvb `ywU c…_K RvwZ| ZvB ¯^Zš¿ Avevm GKwU †hŠw³K `vwe|
3. gymjgvb‡`i fvlv, mvwnZ¨, wkíKjv, ˆbwZK weavb, AvPvie¨envi, BwZnvm, HwZn¨ wn›`y‡`i †_‡K wfbœ wZwb
AviI e‡jb, c…_K RvwZ wn‡m‡e ms¯‹…wZ, mvwnZ¨ I wkíKjv mewKQyB wfbœ, hv wQj cªKvivšÍ‡i gymjgvb‡`i
c…_K Avev‡mi `vwe|
4. wn›`y-gymwjg RbMY Aby‡cªiYv jvf K‡i wfbœ wfbœ HwZnvwmK NUbv †_‡K| AZGe AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi msÁvq
Avgiv GKwU RvwZ| wRbœvni G ZË¡B wØRvwZ ZË¡|
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i g~j e³e¨ n‡jv fvi‡Zi gymjgvbiv GKwU c…_K RvwZ| G wØRvwZ
ZË¡B n‡jv HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei g~jwfwË| Gw`K †_‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i ¸iæZ¡ my`~icªmvix|
8. jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e m¤ú‡K© †jL|
A_ev, jv‡nvi cª¯Íve ms‡¶‡c m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki|
DËi : f~wgKv : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e weªwUk fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m GKwU HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© gymwjg
jx‡Mi jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg I DËi c~e©v‡j gymwjg msL¨vMwiô AÂjmg~‡n GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª
cªwZôvi GKwU cª¯Íve M…nxZ nq| hv HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Íve bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e : wb‡gœ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jv :
1. cwiPq : 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© jv‡nv‡i AbywôZ me©fviZxq gymwjg jxM m‡¤§j‡b gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c…_K iv‡óªi
`vwe Rvwb‡q †k‡i evsjv G. †K. dRjyj nK †h cª¯Íve †ck K‡ib, ZvB n‡”Q HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e| jv‡nvi
Awa‡ek‡b G cª¯Íve M…nxZ nq e‡j G‡K jv‡nvi cª¯Íve ejv nq| jv‡nvi cª¯Íve wQj g~jZ fviZxq mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ gymwjg jx‡Mi cª_g MVbg~jK cª¯Ívebv
2. jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei D‡jøL‡hvM¨ aviv : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei D‡jøL‡hvM¨ avivmg~n wbgœiƒc :
K. †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx mwbœwnZ ¯’vbmg~n‡K AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e;
L. Gme AÂj‡K cª‡qvRbg‡Zv mxgv cwieZ©b K‡i Ggbfv‡e MVb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z fviZe‡l©i DËi-
cwðg I c~e©v‡ji †hme ¯’v‡b gymjgv‡biv msL¨vMwiô †mme A‡j ¯^vaxb ivóª cªwZôv Kiv hvq|
M. ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~‡ni A½ivR¨¸‡jv n‡e ¯^vqËkvwmZ I mve©‡fŠg cªK…wZi|
GQvov G cª¯Ív‡e ejv nq, ÒGme A‡ji msL¨vjNy‡`i ag©xq, mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK, kvmbZvwš¿K Ges
Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi I ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i h‡_vchy³ Kvh©Ki I eva¨Zvg~jK
i¶vKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿ Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei D‡Ïk¨ : wbgœwjwLZ D‡Ïk¨mg~n‡K mvg‡b †i‡L 1940 mv‡j jv‡nvi cª¯Íve †ck Kiv nq
K. gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_©i¶vi wbwg‡Ë jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e †ck Kiv nq|
L. e½‡`‡ki mwVK f~mxgv wba©vi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e †ck Kiv nq|
M. m‡e©vcwi jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨ wbwnZ wQj eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi exR|
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei djkªywZ‡Z 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefw³ n‡Z cvwK¯Ívb
iv‡óªi Rb¥ nIqvi ci cvwK¯Ív‡b bvbv Av‡›`vjb Zxeª †_‡K ZxeªZi n‡q I‡V Ges Gi GKch©v‡q cvwK¯Ívb †f‡O eZ©gvb
evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ nq hv fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m GKwU AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©c~Y© Aa¨vq wn‡m‡e ¯’vb K‡i
wb‡q‡Q|
9. jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei D‡Ïk¨mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
A_ev, HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv †jL|
DËi : f~wgKv : Avgiv eZ©gv‡b †h ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k emevm KiwQ Zvi c~e© BwZnvm we‡ePbv Ki‡j ejv hvq jv‡nvi
cª¯vÍ eB G ¯^vaxbZvi exR ecb K‡iwQj| HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei Kvi‡YB evOvwj ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª cvq|
GKK_vq ejv nq GwU evOvwji Rb¨ wQj Avkxe©v`¯^iƒc|
jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei D‡Ïk¨ : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei e¨vL¨v wb‡q GK mgq wewfbœ R‡bi wfbœ wfbœ gZ _vK‡jI AvR
GwU ¯^xK…Z †h, ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~n (Independent States) Øviv DwjøwLZ `ywU A‡j e¯ÍyZ `ywU c…_K ¯^vaxb ivóª cªwZôvi
K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| G jv‡nvi cª¯Íve DÌvcb K‡iwQ‡jb evsjvi ZrKvjxb gyL¨gš¿x G. †K. dRjyj nK| wZwb KLbI
wRbœvni wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡ wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei †Kv_vI wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i D‡jøL †bB| G cª¯Ív‡ei †Kv_vI cvwK¯Ívb
kãwUiI D‡jøL †bB, hw`I Zv `ªæZ cvwK¯Ívb cª¯vÍ e wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ, jvf K‡i Dcgnv‡`‡ki AvšÍtivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v
Z_v weªwUk †kvlY †_‡K G Dcgnv‡`‡ki wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li gyw³ Ges Dcgnv‡`‡k wefvRb bxwZB wQj jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei
gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| Gi Ab¨vb¨ D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv n‡jv :
1. gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_©i¶vi wbwg‡Ë jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq|
2. e½‡`‡ki mwVK f~mxgv wba©vi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë jv‡nvi cª¯Íve †ck Kiv nq|
3. AvšÍt¯^v‡_©i mwVK gxgvsmvi Rb¨ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq|
4. ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cªwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨ G cª¯Íve †ck Kiv nq| 1928 mv‡j cªKvwkZ †b‡niæ wi‡cvU©, 1937 mv‡ji
cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡bi ci Ks‡Mªm kvwmZ cª‡`kmg~‡n gymwjg gš¿x AšÍfyw© ³i welqwU wb‡q Ks‡Mªm I gymwjg jx‡Mi
gZv‰bK¨, Ks‡Mªm kvwmZ cª‡`k¸‡jv‡Z `jxqKiY I mv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bvfve cª`k©b fviZxq gymjgvb‡`i Avkv
f½ K‡i| Gi d‡j gymjgvb †bZvMY wb‡R‡`i c…_K Aw¯ÍZ¡ i¶vq m‡Pó Zvnb| gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn Zvi
wØRvwZ ZË¡ cªKvk K‡ib| G ZË¡ 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© jv‡nv‡i gymwjg jxM m‡¤§j‡b M…nxZ nq| g~jZ jv‡nvi
cª¯Ív‡ei g~j D‡Ïk¨B wQj ag©wfwËK RvZxqZvev‡`i wfwˇZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki RbMY‡K my¯úófv‡e `yfv‡M wef³
K‡i `ywU c…_K ivóª MVb Kiv|
 Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, G. †K. dRjyj nK jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e †ck K‡i‡Qb evOvwji cªwZ Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva I
†`‡ki cªwZ fv‡jvevmvi GK g~Z© cªZxK wn‡m‡e| Zvi G HwZnvwmK cª¯Ív‡ei Rb¨ AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k Zvi Kv‡Q wPiFYx|
G cª¯vÍ e wQj ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k MV‡bi me©cª_g cª¯vÍ e|
10. jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei avivmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
A_ev, jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g~j cªwZcv`¨ welq Kx wQj?
DËi : f~wgKv : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e weªwUk fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m GKwU HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© gymwjg
jx‡Mi jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg I DËi c~e©v‡j gymwjg msL¨vMwiô AÂjmg~‡n GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª
cªwZôvi GKwU cª¯Íve M…nxZ nq, hv HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e bv‡g cwiwPZ|
jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei aviv : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡e ejv nq †h, wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi G Awa‡ek‡bi mywbwðZ AwfgZ GB †h,
†Kv‡bv mvsweavwbK cwiKíbv G‡`‡k Kvh©Ki Kiv hv‡e bv ev gymjgvb‡`i Kv‡Q MªnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv, hw` Zv wbgœiƒc
g~jbxwZi Ici cwiKwíZ bv nq h_v :
K. †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx mwbœwnZ ¯’vbmg~n‡K AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
L. Gme AÂj‡K cª‡qvRbg‡Zv mxgv cwieZ©b K‡i Ggbfv‡e MVb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z fviZe‡l© DËi-cwðg I
c~e©v‡ji †hme ¯’v‡b gymjgvbMY msL¨vMwiô †m AÂjmg~‡n ¯^vaxb ivóª cªwZôv Kiv hvq| M. ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~‡ni
A½ivR¨¸‡jv n‡e ¯^vqËkvwmZ I mve©‡fŠg cªK…wZi|
GQvov G cª¯Ív‡e AviI D‡jøL nq, ÒGme A‡ji msL¨vjNy‡`i ag©xq, mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK, kvmbZvwš¿K Ges Ab¨vb¨
AwaKvi I ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i h‡_vchy³ Kvh©Ki I eva¨Zvg~jK i¶vKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿
Ki‡Z n‡e| fviZe‡l© gymjgvbMY †hme ¯’v‡b msL¨vjNy †mme ¯’v‡b Zv‡`iI Ab¨vb¨ msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag©xq,
mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK, kvmbZvwš¿K Ges Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi I ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i h‡_vchy³
Kvh©Ki I eva¨Zvg~jK i¶vKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿ mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó
Dcmsnvi : cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, Dch©y³ welq¸‡jv QvovI jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e AviI hv wQj Zv n‡jv cªwZi¶v, ciivóª,
†hvMv‡hvM I cª‡qvRbg‡Zv Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q me©¶gZv mswkøó AÂj¸‡jvi nv‡Z b¨¯Í _vK‡e| jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g~j
welq¸‡jv Mfxifv‡e we‡kølY Ki‡j Gi g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|

MÑwefvM: iPbvg~jK cÖ‡kœi DËi

2.01 Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi D™¢e, weKvk I Gi djvdj e¨vL¨v Ki|
A_ev, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi D™¢e I weKvk Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : f~wgKv : fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cªavbZ `ywU ag©xq m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvK emevm K‡i| GKwU wn›`y AciwU gymwjg|
fvi‡Z weªwUk kvmb cªwZwôZ nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ evsjvi wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ mvs¯‹…wZK HK¨ I m¤cÖxwZ eRvq wQj|
wKš‘ fvi‡Z weªwUk kvmb Kv‡qg n‡j Zv bó n‡q hvq Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ˆelg¨ †`Lv †`q| wn›`y I gymjgvbiv µgvš^‡q
`~‡i m‡i hvq| Zviv G‡K A‡b¨i cwic~iK bv †f‡e kÎy fvev Avi¤¢ K‡i| d‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Rb¥ †bq mv¤cÖ`vwqK -
g‡bvfve|
Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi D™¢e I weKv‡ki KviY : wb‡gœ Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv D™¢e I
weKv‡ki KviYmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. weªwUk‡`i PµvšÍ : fvi‡Z mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv m…wói wcQ‡b we‡klfv‡e `vqx weªwUk‡`i PµvšÍ| beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjvi
cZb NU‡j Bs‡iRiv fviZe‡l© gymjgvb m¤cÖ`vq‡K wfbœ| `…wófw½‡Z †`L‡Z ïiæ K‡i| †Kbbv Zviv g‡b
Ki‡Zv †h, fvi‡Z weªwUk kvm‡bi weiæ‡× GKgvÎ gymjgvbivB gv_vPvov w`‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| ZvB gymjgvb‡`i‡K
wcQ‡b †i‡L weªwUkiv wn›`y‡`i‡K mnvqZv w`‡Z _v‡K hv wn›`y-gymjgvb we‡f` NwU‡q m¤cÖ`vwqKZvi †cª¶vcU‡K
cªk¯Í K‡i|
2. gymjgvb I wn›`y‡`i g‡a¨ ˆelg¨ : Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j fvi‡Z wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ †h ˆelg¨ m…wó nq
Zv mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wcQ‡b BÜb †RvMvq| weªwUkiv fviZe‡l© †h wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZ I ÁvbPP©v M‡o Zy‡jwQj wn›`yiv
Zv MªnY Ki‡jI gymjgvbiv Zv mwVKfv‡e MªnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| hvi d‡j miKvwi PvKwi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Awdm,
Av`vjZ, e¨emv evwY‡R¨ wn›`yiv GKZidvfv‡e GwM‡q hvq| gymjgvbiv Gme cªwZ‡hvwMZvq wUK‡Z bv †c‡i
me©¯^všÍ n‡q hvq| hvi d‡j gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡`i‡K cªwZc¶ fve‡Z ïiæ K‡i| hv mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi Rb¥ †`q|
3. ag©wfwËK msMVb : fviZe‡l© Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j †ekwKQy ag©wfwËK msMVb M‡o D‡VwQj, hv
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi m…wó K‡i| †hgb- 1837 mv‡j †ebvi‡mi wn›`yiv D`©y' fvlvi cwie‡Z© Ôwnw›` fvlvi cªPj‡bi
Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb K‡ib| G‡Z gymjgvbiv ¶yä nq ZvQvov GKB eQi be‡Mvcvj wgÎ 'wn›`y‡gjv' bv‡g GKwU
cªwZôvb ˆZwi K‡ib| GwU QvovI Gmgq wn›`y‡`i wKQy ag©xq msMVb RbwcªqZv jvf K‡i, hv mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv‡K
Dm‡K †`q|
4. Ks‡Mªm cªwZôv : 1885 mv‡j fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mªm cªwZwôZ nIqvi ci mv¤cÖ`vwqK mgm¨v AviI †e Nbxf~Z
n‡q I‡V| †Kbbv gymjgvbMY j¶ Kij †h, Ks‡Mªm GKwU wn›`ycªavb ivR‰bwZK `j| Gi †ewki fvM m`‡i
wQj wn›`y| ZvQvov Gmgq fvi‡Z D`©-y wnw›` we‡iva m…wó nq GKK_vq Ks‡Mª‡mi mKj wm×všÍ wQj gymwjg
we‡ivax| G‡Z gymjgvbiv ¶yä nb Ges wb‡RivI wewfbœ Bmjvwg msMVb M‡o †Zvjvq D‡`¨vMx nb|
5. 1905 mv‡ji e½f½ : 1905 mv‡j gymjgvb‡`i‡K wKQy myweav w`‡q weªwUkiv e½‡K wef³ K‡ib| wKš‘ GwU
wQj g~jZ weªwUk‡`i fvM Ki I kvmb Ki bxwZiB ewntcªKvk| wn›`yiv gymwjg myweav msewjZ G e½f½‡K †g‡b
wb‡Z cv‡iwb| G Kvi‡Y gymjgvbiv e½f‡½i c‡¶ Avi wn›`yiv e½f‡½i weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z _v‡K, hv
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi Rb¥ †`q|
6. gymwjg jxM cªwZôv : 1906 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤^i XvKvq me©fviZxq gymwjg jxM cªwZwôZ nq| GwU wQj
gymjgvb‡`i GKwU ivR‰bwZK msMVb hvi Kvi‡Y Gi mKj m`m¨B wQj gymjgvb| Zviv gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_©i¶vq
Kg©m~wP MªnY K‡i| wn›`yiv G‡Z Amš‘ó nq| Zviv RvZxq Ks‡Mª‡mi gva¨‡g gymwjg jx‡Mi we‡ivwaZv K‡i| hvi
d‡j wn›`y-gymjgvb‡`i ˆewiZv Pig AvKvi aviY K‡i mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvq ch©ewmZ nq|
Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi djvdj : wb‡q Jcwb‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi djvdj
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i D™¢e : Ks‡Mªm 1937 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m 6wU cª‡`‡k GKKfv‡e gwš¿mfv MVb K‡i| Ks‡Mªm
kvwmZ cªv‡`wkK miKvi¸‡jv mv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bvfve wb‡q kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| AvBb-
Av`vjZ Ges wk¶vcªwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z Ks‡Mªwm cZvKv D‡Ëvjb I e‡›`gvZig msMxZ MvBevi e¨e¯’v Kiv
nq| Gi d‡j fvi‡Zi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b `v½vnv½vgv ïiæ nq| G N…Y¨ mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vnv½vgvq wn›`y-gymwjg
¯^vfvweK Rxebe¨e¯’v wech©¯Í n‡q c‡o| Giƒc Ae¯’vq gymjgvb †bZ…e…›` wb‡R‡`i fvM¨ m¤ú‡K© bZyb
K‡i wPšÍvfvebv ïiæ K‡i| gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn Gmgq Zvi ÔwØRvwZ ZË¡' (Two Nations Theory)
Dc¯’vcb K‡ib|
2. KjKvZvq `v½v m…wó : 1911 mv‡j Ôe½f½' i` nIqvi ci MvÜxi †bZ…‡Z¡ Ks‡Mªm weªwUk fvi‡Zi ˆe‡`wkK
ev ivwóªK RvZxqZv M‡o †Zvjvi cªqvm Pvjvw”Qj| wZwb wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb mg_©b K‡i wn›`y-gymwjg
msnwZ Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb K‡i `…p Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| wKš‘ Av‡M †_‡K wePwjZ weªwUk miKvi we‡f`bxwZi
cª‡qvM ZxeªZi K‡i †Zv‡j d‡j wn›`y-gymwjg `v½v ev‡a gqgbwms‡n 1906-07 mv‡j I KjKvZv-cvebv-
XvKvq `v½v ev‡a 1919-1926 mv‡ji cwim‡i| cUyqvLvjx, †cvbvevwjqv, XvKv, wK‡kviMÄ I PÆMªv‡g
`v½v ev‡a 1927 1931 mv‡ji ga¨Kvi wewfbœ mg‡q| XvKvi `v½v 1941 †_‡K Pj‡ZB _v‡K bIqvecyi
I Bmjvgcy‡i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 1926 mv‡ji I 1946 mv‡ji KjKvZvi `v½v wQj ivR‰bwZKfv‡e AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch©c~Y©|
3. fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb bvgK iv‡óªi D™¢e : weªwUk miKvi G ch©v‡q †klw`‡K Dcgnv‡`‡k wn›`y I gymwjg
m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vq kw¼Z n‡q c‡o| d‡j wn›`y I gymwjg m¤cÖ`v‡qi msL¨vMwiôZvi
wfwˇZ fviZ ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g 1947 mv‡ji 14 I 15 AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ bv‡g `ywU
¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq|
4. †`kZ¨vM : 1947 mv‡j fviZ fvM n‡q cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ bvgK `ywU ivóª m…wó n‡j †klvewa jvfevb nq
c~e©e½ I cwðg cvÄv‡ei gymwjgiv, Avi DËi cª‡`k Ges AvswkKfv‡e ga¨ cª‡`k I wenv‡ii wn›`yiv|
Dcgnv‡`‡ki mye…nr Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki msL¨vjNy gvby‡li Rxe‡b †b‡g G‡m‡Q Rvbgv‡ji AwbðqZv|
gymjgvbiv fviZ Z¨vM K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡b Ges wn›`yiv †`kZ¨vM K‡i fvi‡Z Avkªq †bq|
Dcmsnvi : Dchy³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, mv¤cÖ`vwqK mgm¨v fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k weªwUk‡`i Øviv m…ó
GKwU mgm¨v| weªwUkiv my‡KŠk‡j Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb Kv‡qg Kivi Rb¨ wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i‡K Df‡qi weiæ‡× †jwj‡q
†`q| hvi d‡j GZw`b GKmv‡_ emevmKvix wn›`y I gymjgvbMY G‡K Ac‡ii kÎy fve‡Z _v‡K| cieZ©x‡Z bvbv Kvi‡Y
 G mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv Zxeª AvKvi aviY K‡i, hv †kl ch©šÍ ALÐ fviZel©‡K LwÐZ K‡i †d‡j| cieZ©x‡Z wn›`y Avi
gymjgvbiv wPicªwZØb&Øx `ywU RvwZ wn‡m‡e we‡k¦i `iev‡i Avmxb nq|
2.02. e½f‡½i KviY I djvdj we‡kølY Ki|
A_ev, 1905 mv‡ji e½f‡½i KviY I cªfve Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : f~wgKv : weªwUk fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡m 1905 mv‡ji e½f½ GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv| 1905 mv‡ji 1
†m‡Þ¤^i jW© KvR©b kvmbKv‡h©i myweavi Rb¨ c~e©e½ I Avmvg Ges cwðge½ bv‡g `ywU cª‡`k MVb K‡ib| Aek¨ 1905
mv‡ji c~‡e©I e½f‡½i mycvwik Kiv n‡qwQj| †mB mycvwik Abyhvqx XvKv, PÆMªvg, ivRkvnx I Avmvg‡K wb‡q c~e©evsjv
cª‡`k MVb Kiv nq hvi ivRavbx Kiv nq XvKv‡K| -
e½f‡½i KviY : e½f‡½i wcQ‡b AmsL¨ KviY wQj| wb‡gœ e½f‡½i KviYmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. cªkvmwbK : e½‡K wef³ Kivi cªkvmwbK hyw³ †`wL‡q 1902 mv‡j jW© KvR©b fviZ mwPe‡K †j‡Lb †h, e½
cª‡`‡ki AvqZb 2,00,000 eM©gvBj Ges RbmsL¨v cªvq 7‡KvwU 85 j¶| G wekvj AvqZb Ges wecyj
RbmsL¨v Aay¨wlZ evsjv‡K GKRb cªkvm‡Ki c‡¶ myPviæiƒ‡c kvmb Kiv m¤¢e bq| c¶všÍ‡i, cªwZ‡ewk Avmvg
cª‡`k wQj A‡c¶vK…Z ¶y`ª Ges RbmsL¨vI wQj Kg| GRb¨ evsjv‡K wef³ K‡i XvKv, ivRkvnx, PÆMªvg wefvM
I Avmvg‡K wb‡q Ôc~e©e½ I Avmvg' bv‡g GKwU bZyb cª‡`‡ki m…wó Kiv nq hvi ivRavbx nq cªvPxb kni XvKv|
2. ivR‰bwZK : evsjv‡K wef³ Kivi cðv‡Z Av‡iKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KviY wQj ivR‰bwZK| ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Yi
¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K¸‡jv n‡jv :
K. RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi D‡b¥l : 1885 mv‡j fviZ`iw` Bs‡iR m¨vi A¨vjvb A‡±wfqvb wnD‡gi wbijm
cª‡Póvq fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡Mªm (Indian National Congress) cªwZwôZ nIqvq fvi‡Zi wn›`ymgvR
m‡PZb n‡q I‡V Ges ax‡i ax‡i RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| G‡Z weªwUk miKvi nZPwKZ
n‡q cªkvmwbK msK‡U c‡o hvq| Giƒc RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv I mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K `gb Kivi Rb¨
weªwUk miKvi evsjv‡K wef³ Kivi wm×všÍ †bq|
L. fvM Ki I kvmb Ki : weªwUk miKvi Divide and Rule bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx| ZvB evsjv‡K wef³ K‡i
GKwU m¤cÖ`vq‡K wb‡R‡`i AbyK~‡j †i‡L Aci m¤cÖ`vq‡K kvmb Kivi cwiKíbv MªnY K‡i|
M. gymjgvb‡`i DbœwZi cªqvm : Aóv`k kZvãxi †k‡li w`‡K gymjgvb mvgšÍ‡kªvY gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_© m¤ú‡K©
m‡PZb n‡q I‡V| Aciw`‡K, m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` AvjxMo Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_©
D×v‡ii †Póv Pvjvb| d‡j weªwUk miKvi Zv‡`i ¯^v_© m¤^‡Ü mPwKZ n‡q I‡V
3. A_©‰bwZK KviY : ZrKv‡j evsjv †cªwm‡WwÝi (evsjv, Dwol¨v, wenvi I †QvU bvMcyi) ivRavbx KjKvZv‡K †K›`ª
K‡i e¨emv evwYR¨, wkíKviLvbv M‡o I‡V| c~e©evsjvq cvU Drcbœ n‡jI cvUKj¸‡jv M‡o I‡V KjKvZvq|
d‡j KjKvZv Aíw`‡b mg…w×kvjx n‡q I‡V| Ab¨w`‡K, c~e©evsjvi msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb‡`i A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v
†kvPbxq n‡Z _v‡K| Giƒc Ae¯’vi nvZ †_‡K gyw³i j‡¶¨ ¯^ivóª mwPe wg. wiRwj cªkvmwbK I ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi
mgm¨vi K_v D‡jøL K‡i eojvU‡K cÎ wj‡Lb| D³ c‡Îi †hŠw³KZv wePvi K‡i evsjv fvM Kiv nq|
4. mvgvwRK I mv¤cÖ`vwqK KviY : wn›`y I gymjgvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi mvgvwRK HwZn¨ I ag©xq ixwZbxwZ m¤ú~Y© wfbœ|
ZvB c~e©e‡½i gymjgvbMY wb‡R‡`i mvgvwRK I ag©xq Av`‡k©i wfwˇZ bZyb cª‡`‡k mgvRe¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi
cªZ¨vkv K‡i|
e½f‡½i djvdj : e½f‡½i djvdj mvgwqK n‡jI we‡kl K‡i c~e©e‡½i msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb m¤cÖ`vq †ewk jvfevb
n‡qwQj wb‡gœ e½f‡½i djvdj Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. gymjgvb‡`i cªwZwµqv : e½f‡½i d‡j XvKv bZyb cª‡`‡ki Z_v Ôc~e©e½ I Avmvg'-Gi ivRavbx nq| ivRavbx
XvKv‡K †K›`ª K‡i wewfbœ wkícªwZôvb Awdm, Av`vjZ, wk¶vcªwZôvb M‡o I‡V| d‡j gymjgvbMY bvbvwea
my‡hvM myweav jv‡f m¶g nq| Awdm, Av`vjZ, wk¶vcªwZôvbmn eo eo myig¨ AÆvwjKv M‡o IVvq XvKvi
kªxe…w× N‡U| e½f½‡K gymjgvbMY Zv‡`i üZ †MŠie I gh©v`v wd‡i cvIqvi Avb‡›` †g‡Z I‡V| beve m¨vi
mwjgyjøvn e½f½ cwiKíbvwU Kvh©Ki Kivi w`b XvKvq GK Rbmfvq e‡jb, Òe½f½ Avgv‡`i‡K wbwl&µqZvi
nvZ †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q‡Q| GUv Avgv‡`i DÏxß K‡i‡Q Kg©mvabvq Ges msMªv‡g|Ó A_©vr e½f‡½i d‡j c~e©evsjvi
MYgvby‡li fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi Øvi D‡b¥vwPZ nq|
 2. wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi cªwZwµqv : e½f‡½i weiæ‡× wn›`y‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj LyeB K‡Vvi| evsjvi D”P I ga¨weË wn›`yivB
Gi weiæ‡× cªPÐ So Zy‡jwQj| KjKvZvi AvBbRxex mwgwZ g‡b Kij e½f‡½i A_© bZyb cª‡`‡k nvB‡KvU©
cªwZôv Kiv| Aciw`‡K, KjKvZvi mvsevw`KivI Zv‡`i ¯^v_© bm¨vr n‡e †R‡b Gi weiæ×vPiY ïiæ K‡i|
cwðgv wkw¶Z wn›`ymgvR g‡b K‡i †h, c~e©evsjvq µ‡gvbœwZkxj wkw¶Z I ivRbxwZ m‡PZb wn›`ymgv‡Ri weKvk
†iv‡ai cvëv e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e weªwUk miKvi c~e©evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i cªfve e…w×i Rb¨ G e¨e¯’v wb‡q‡Q| Kvwkg
evRv‡ii GK Rbmfvq mfvcwZ gnvivRv gnx›`ªP›`ª b›`x e½f‡½i cªwZev` Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, Òbqv cª‡`‡k G
gymjgvb RbM‡Yi ivRZ¡ n‡e evOvwj wn›`yiv n‡q co‡e msL¨vjNy| Avgiv wb‡R‡`i gvwU‡Z AvMš‘K n‡q coe|
G m¤¢vebvq Avwg AvZw¼Z| G m¤¢vebv Avgv‡K Avgv‡`i RvwZi fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© D‡ØMvKyj K‡i †Zv‡j|Ó
3. gymwjg jx‡Mi Rb¥ : 1906 mv‡j KwZcq gymwjg †bZ…e…‡›`i cª‡Póvq gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_© msi¶Y I weªwUk
miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Zv‡`i `vwe`vIqv †ck Kivi Rb¨ mv¤cÖ`vwqK ivR‰bwZK `j wn‡m‡e gymwjg jx‡Mi Rb¥ nq|
cieZ©x‡Z 1909 mv‡j g‡j©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi AvB‡b gymjgvb‡`i c…_K wbe©vPb c×wZ ¯^xK…Z n‡j wn›`y m¤cÖ`vq
†¶v‡f †d‡U c‡o|
Dcmsnvi : Dchy³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, 1905 mv‡ji e½f½ c~e©e‡½i MYgvby‡li g‡b GK bZyb Avkv
I DÏxcbvi mÂvi K‡iwQj| XvKv bZyb cª‡`‡ki ivRavbx nIqvq bZyb Awdm, Av`vjZ I myig¨ AÆvwjKv M‡o I‡V
Ges XvKvi kªxe…w× N‡U| wKš‘ Kv‡qwg ¯^v_©ev`x gnj I eY©ev`x wn›`yiv GwU †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB Zviv e½f‡½i
weiæ‡× e¨vcK Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j Ges 1911 mv‡j e½f½ i` nq|
2.03. 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei e¨vL¨v Ki|
A_ev, 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei msw¶ß weeiY `vI|
DËi : f~wgKv : weªwUk fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK Ges kvmbZvwš¿K AMªMwZi BwZnv‡m 1940 mv‡ji 23 gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK
'jv‡nvi cª¯Íve' GK hyMvšÍKvix NUbv| G w`b wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b fvi‡Zi gymwjg
msL¨vMwiô GjvKv wb‡q gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c…_K ¯^vaxb ivóª MV‡bi `vwe Rvwb‡q jv‡nvi cª¯Íve DÌvwcZ nq|
1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e : 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© jv‡nv‡i AbywôZ me©fviZxq gymwjg jxM m‡¤§j‡b gymjgvb‡`i
Rb¨ c…_K iv‡óªi `vwe Rvwb‡q †k‡i evsjv G.‡K. dRjyj nK †h cª¯Íve †ck K‡ib, ZvB n‡”Q HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Íve|
jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b G cª¯Íve M…nxZ nq e‡j G‡K jv‡nvi cª¯Íve ejv nq| jv‡nvi cª¯Íve wQj g~jZ fviZxq mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ gymwjg jx‡Mi cª_g MVbg~jK cª¯Ívebv|
wb‡gœ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
K. 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei cUf~wg : fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k 1937 mv‡j cªv‡`wkK mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ
nq| G wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡jI AvBbmfvq GKKfv‡e gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡Z e¨_©
nq| ZvB gymwjg jxM eva¨ n‡q Ks‡Mª‡mi mv‡_ hy³fv‡e gwš¿mfv MV‡bi cª¯Íve w`‡j Ks‡Mªm Zv cªZ¨vL¨vb
K‡i| ïaygvÎ evsjv I cvÄv‡e gymwjg jx‡Mi gwš¿mfv MwVZ nq| Ks‡Mªm gwš¿mfv MV‡bi ci †bZ…‡Z¡ wewfbœ
cª‡`‡k mv¤cÖ`vwqK D‡ËRbv µgk evo‡Z _v‡K| G Ae¯’vq gymjgvb‡`i Ae¯’v G‡Kev‡i †kvPbxq n‡q c‡o|
GgbwK gymjgvb‡`i ag©xq Kv‡R ch©šÍ evav †`Iqvi NUbv N‡U| Ks‡Mª‡mi ivRZ¡Kv‡j gymjgvb‡`i G aviYv
R‡b¥ †h, wn›`y-gymwjg HK¨ KLbI m¤¢e bq| GiB cUf~wg‡Z 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© jv‡nv‡i wbwLj fviZ
gymwjg jx‡Mi evwl©K m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| G m‡¤§j‡b evsjvi K…Zx mšÍvb †k‡i evsjv G. †K. dRjyj nK G
cª¯Íve DÌvcb K‡ib|
L. jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei D‡jøL‡hvM¨ aviv : 1940 mv‡j cªewZ©Z jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei cª_g cª¯Ív‡e ejv nq, wbwLj fviZ
gymwjg jx‡Mi G Awa‡ek‡bi mywbwðZ AwfgZ GB †h, †Kv‡bv mvsweavwbK cwiKíbv G‡`‡k Kvh©Ki Kiv hv‡e
bv ev gymjgvb‡`i Kv‡Q MªnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv, hw`I Zv wbgœiƒc g~jbxwZi Ici cªwZwôZ bv nq :
i. †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx mwbœwnZ ¯’vbmg~n‡K AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e; Gme AÂj‡K
cª‡qvRbg‡Zv mxgv cwieZ©b K‡i Ggbfv‡e
ii. MVb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z fviZe‡l©i DËi-cwðg I c~e©v‡ji †hme ¯’v‡b gymjgv‡biv msL¨vMwiô †mme
A‡j ¯^vaxb ivóª cªwZôv Kiv hvq Ges
iii. ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~‡ni A½ivR¨¸‡jv n‡e ¯^vqËkvwmZ I mve©‡fŠg cªK…wZi|
wØZxq cª¯Ív‡e ejv nq, ÒGme A‡ji msL¨vjNy‡`i ag©xq, mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK, kvmbZvwš¿K Ges Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi
I ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i h‡_vchy³ Kvh©Ki I eva¨Zvg~jK i¶vKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿ Ki‡Z
 n‡e| fviZe‡l© gymjgvbMY †hme ¯’v‡b msL¨vjNy †mme ¯’v‡b Zv‡`i I Ab¨vb¨ msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag©xq, mvs¯‹…wZK,
ivR‰bwZK, kvmbZvwš¿K Ges Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi I ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i h_v_© Kvh©Ki I
eva¨Zvg~jK cªwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿ _vK‡Z n‡e|Ó GQvovI jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e AviI ejv nq, cªwZi¶v, ciivóª,
†hvMv‡hvM I cª‡qvRbg‡Zv Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q me©gq ¶gZv mswkøó AÂj¸‡jvi nv‡Z b¨¯Í _vK‡e|
M. jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei ¸iæZ¡ : wb‡gœ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. ivR‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZ‡Z GK bZyb avivi D™¢e NUvq| GZw`b
fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZ‡Z `ywU ivR‰bwZK `j _vK‡jI mKj wm×všÍ M…nxZ n‡Zv GKc¶xqfv‡e wKš‘ jv‡nvi
cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ mgvbfv‡e `yBfv‡M wef³ n‡q hvq| hvi d‡j ivRbxwZ bZyb
avivq cªevwnZ nq|
2. gymwjg HK¨‡eva m…wó : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei d‡j gymwjg HK¨‡eva m…wó nq| GZw`b wn›`y I
gymjgvbiv ci¯úi wg‡jwg‡k PjZ Ges wb‡R‡`i‡K GKB RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai Aaxb e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zv|
wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ci gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i gymwjg HK¨‡ev‡ai m~‡Î Ave× nq
Ges Bmjvg ag©wfwËK RvZxqZv‡eva m…wó K‡i|
3. gymwjg jx‡Mi RbwcªqZv e…w× : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci gymwjg jx‡Mi RbwcªqZv eû¸‡Y e…w×
cvq| GZw`b A‡bK gymjgvb Ks‡Mª‡mi Aaxb¯’ wQj wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ci gymjgvb‡`i wbKU 'Ks‡Mªm
wn›`y‡`i `j' Giƒc gvbwmKZv m…wó nq| hvi d‡j gymjgvbiv gymwjg jx‡Mi QvqvZ‡j Avkªq MªnY K‡i|
4. 1946 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi cªfve : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Íve 1946 mv‡j AbywôZ cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cªfve we¯Ívi K‡i| †Kbbv G wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM †gvU 492wU gymwjg Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 428wU
Avmb jvf K‡i| A_P jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e DÌvc‡bi Av‡M gymwjg jxM 1937 mv‡ji cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b gvÎ
109wU Avmb jvf K‡i †kvPbxqfv‡e civRqeiY K‡i|
5. cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ : 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ mKj eÜb‡K wQbœ K‡i I mg¯Í evavwecwˇK AwZµg
K‡i ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq| hvi d‡j jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡e DÌvwcZ gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c…_K
ivóª MV‡bi `vwe ev¯Íe iƒc jvf K‡i| gymwjg m¤cÖ`vq wn›`y‡`i †_‡K m¤ú~Y© ¯^vZšÍª¨Zv jvf K‡i|
6. ¯^vaxb evsjvi exR ecb : jv‡nvi cª¯ÍveB me©cª_g ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki exR ecb K‡iwQj| †Kbbv jv‡nvi
cª¯Ív‡e ejv nq †h fvi‡Zi DËi cwðgvÂj I c~e©v‡j GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª MwVZ n‡e| Z‡e
cieZ©xKv‡j GK N…Y¨ loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g GKvwaK RvqMvq GKwU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi K_v ejv nq| wKš‘ evsjvi
gymjgvbiv me©`vB jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡K mvg‡b †i‡L Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z _v‡K| bvbv
evavwecwË †cwi‡q Ae‡k‡l 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cªwZwôZ nq| d‡j GwU mn‡RB
cªZxqgvb nq evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv A‡bKvs‡k jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡eiB dj|
Dcmsnvi : Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK
BwZnv‡m GKwU ¯§iYxq NUbv| †k‡i evsjv G. †K. dRjyj nK wQ‡jb Gi Dc¯’vcK| evsjv‡`k bvgK iv‡óªi D™¢‡ei
†¶‡Î G cª¯Íve wQj GKwU hyMvšÍKvix NUbv| Avi G cª¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨B ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k m…wói exR wbwnZ wQj|
2.04. jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei KviY Av‡jvPbv Ki|
A_ev, 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei KviYmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : f~wgKv : fviZe‡l©i ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Íve AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©c~Y© ivR‰bwZK NUbv| GKwU
HwZnvwmK I hyMvšÍKvix NUbv wn‡m‡e jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei wcQ‡b AmsL¨ †hŠw³K KviY we`¨gvb wQj| gymjgvb‡`i AwaKvi
cªwZôv Ges ¯^vqËkvmb jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g~j cªwZcv`¨ welq| jv‡nvi cª¯Íve DÌvc‡bi wcQ‡b wewfbœ KviY wQj|
jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei KviY : GKwU HwZnvwmK I hyMvšÍKvix NUbv wn‡m‡e jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei wcQ‡b AmsL¨ †hŠw³K KviY
we`¨gvb wQj| wb‡gœ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei KviYmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. weªwUk miKv‡ii †NvlYv : 1906 mv‡j gymwjg jxM cªwZôvi ci †_‡KB weªwUkiv gymjgvb‡`i Avjv`v RvwZ wn‡m‡e
fve‡Z ïiæ K‡i| 1909 mv‡j gwj©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi AvBb gymjgvb‡`i mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wfwˇZ cªwZwbwa wbe©vP‡bi
AwaKvi †`q| 1909 mv‡j Bsj¨v‡Ûi nvDm Ae jW©‡m jW© gwj© †NvlYv K‡ib †h, fviZxq gymjgvbiv ïaygvÎ GKwU
c…_K ag© AbymiY K‡i Zv bq, mvgvwRK AvPiY I RxebhvÎvi w`K w`‡q c…_K RvwZi mgZyj¨|
2. m¨vi ˆmq` Avng‡`i Ae`vb : m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` Lvb Dwbk kZ‡Ki †klw`‡K fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z gymwjg
wew”QbœZvev‡`i exR ecb K‡ib| wZwbB cª_g †NvlYv K‡ib, fvi‡Z `ywU wfbœ RvwZ emevm K‡i| mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi
 g‡bvfve GLvb †_‡KB g~jZ ïiæ nq| †h Kvi‡Y wZwb wn›`y cªfvweZ Ks‡Mªm gymjgvb‡`i †hvM w`‡Z wb‡la
K‡ib|
3. j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ I wRbœvni †PŠÏ `dv : cª_g wek¦hy‡×i (1914 1919) mgq I c‡i gymjgvbiv ¯^Zš¿ wbe©vPb `vwe
K‡i| AvmwQj| j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³ (1916) I wRbœvni †PŠÏ `dv (1929) `vwe‡Z Gi cªwZdjb N‡U| cª_g wek¦hy‡×i
ci Djvgv m¤cÖ`v‡qi ivRbxwZ‡Z cªfve gymjgvb‡`i wew”QbœZv‡K AviI Pv½v K‡i| d‡j gymjgvb‡`i GKwU
HK¨e× RvwZ wn‡m‡e cªwZôv Kivi Rb¨ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve †ck Kiv nq|
4. †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i cªwZwµqv : mKj ivR‰bwZK `j I mg¯Í `‡ji cªwZwbwa wb‡q weªwUk fvi‡Zi msweavwbK
mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cwiKíbv Mªn‡Yi Rb¨ 1928 mv‡j †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i KwgwU MwVZ nq| G KwgwU j‡¶&YŠ
Pyw³‡Z gymjgvb‡`i †h ¯^v_© wQj Zv msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ M…nxZ e¨e¯’vw` A¯^xKvi K‡iB mycvwik cªYqb K‡i| Avi
GiB avivevwnKZvq fviZxq gymwjg †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK `…wófw½ I wPšÍvavivi cwieZ©b †`Lv †`q|
5. DMª wn›`y RvZxqZvev` : fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZ‡Z mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi welev®ú AviI Nbxf~Z n‡q I‡V hLb Ks‡Mª‡mi
mfvcwZ cwÐZ RInijvj †b‡niæ e‡jb †h, Òfvi‡Z `ywU kw³i Aw¯ÍZ¡ j¶Yxq|Ó GKwU n‡jv miKvi Ges
AciwU n‡jv Ks‡Mªm `j| Zvi GK_v †_‡K cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq †h, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv `‡ji ev m¤cÖ`v‡qi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wZwb
Ges Ks‡Mª‡mi †bZ…e…›` I gnvZ¥v MvÜx †KD ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb bv| Avi Zv‡`i G msKxY© g‡bvfve
gymjgvb †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ weivU cªwZwµqvi m…wó K‡i| ZvB gymjgvb‡`i Avjv`v GKwU RvwZ wn‡m‡e cªwZôv Kivi
c‡iv¶ B”QvI Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wQj|
6. gymwjg wPšÍvwe`‡`i ¯^cœ : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡e †h ¯^vaxb gymwjg Avevmf~wgi `vwe Kiv nq Ab~iƒc
GKwU cª¯Íve 1930 mv‡j gnvKwe Avjøvgv BKevj Gjvnvev‡` Zvi GKwU fvl‡Y D‡jøL K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb
gymjgvb‡`i RvZxqZvev‡`i wfwˇZ GKwÎZ n‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Avi wZwb G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L DËi-
cwðg fvi‡Z gymwjg Aay¨wlZ AÂj wb‡q mv¤cÖ`vwqK wfwˇZ ivóª MV‡bi cª‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL K‡ib| wZb
eQi ci 1933 mv‡j K¨vgweªR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ †PŠayix ingZ Avjx fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðgv‡ji msL¨vMwiô
5wU gymwjg GjvKvi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb bv‡gi D™¢veb K‡ib| wKš‘ ZLbI Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bve…wËm¤úbœ †bZv Kv‡q‡`
AvRg gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c…_K †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi K_v fv‡ebwb| c‡i Aek¨ Ks‡Mªm mfvcwZ
†b‡niæ Mfxifv‡e Zv‡K G wel‡q fve‡Z cª‡ivwPZ K‡ib|
7. 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvBb : 1935 mv‡j cªewZ©Z fviZ kvmb AvBb fviZxq Rbmvavi‡Yi Avkv-AvKvO&¶v
c~i‡Y m¤ú~Y© e¨_© nq| GRb¨ G AvB‡bi weiæ‡× gymwjg jxM I Ks‡Mªm Df‡q Ae¯’vb †bq| hvi d‡j AvBb¸‡jv
Kvh©Ki Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e G AvBb¸‡jv ïay cª‡`‡k ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq| G AvB‡bi ˆelg¨g~jK cª‡qv‡M
gymjgvbiv wbh©vwZZ-wbM…nxZ n‡Z _v‡K| Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i G AvB‡b gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_© msiw¶Z n‡e bv| ZvB
gymwjg †bZ…e…›` jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e DÌvc‡bi wPšÍv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
8. 1937 mv‡ji wbe©vPb I gymwjg ¯^v_©we‡ivax bxwZ MªnY : 1937 mv‡j wbe©vPb AbywôZ n‡j Zv‡Z Ks‡Mªm AwaKvsk
cª‡`‡k msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| gymwjg jxM evsjv I cvÄv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Avmb cvq Ges me©`jxq gwš¿mfv
MVb K‡i| gv`ªvR, hy³ cª‡`k, mxgvšÍ cª‡`k, ey¤^vB I Avmv‡g Ks‡Mªm msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i gymwjg jx‡Mi
m‡½ Av‡jvPbv QvovB GKKfv‡e gwš¿mfv MVb K‡i| Zviv `jxq cZvKv D‡Ëvjb, wk¶vcªwZôv‡b e‡›` gvZig
RvZxq msMxZ, ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e wnw›` Pvjy K‡i| Gmg‡q ¯^v_©v‡š^lx gnj KZ©…K cªPvi gva¨‡g cªKvwkZ nq †h,
fvi‡Z wn›`y ivR¨ cªwZwôZ n‡Z hv‡”Q| wRbœvn wb‡RI Ks‡Mªm kvmb‡K wn›`y kvm‡bi bvgvšÍi e‡j †NvlYv K‡ib|
GQvov wZwb e‡jb, Ks‡Mªm RvZxqZvev‡`i gy‡Lvk c‡i fvi‡Z wn›`y ivR¨ cªwZôv Ki‡Z e×cwiKi| GiB
†cªw¶‡Z 1940 mv‡j DÌvwcZ nq|
9. wRbœvn KZ©…K wØRvwZ ZË¡ †NvlYv : 1940 mv‡ji 22-23 gvP© jv‡nv‡i gymwjg jx‡Mi Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nq| G
Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj fvi‡Zi fwel¨r kvmbZvwš¿K cwiKíbv I wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i fviZ miKv‡ii hy×bxwZi
cªwZ gymwjg jx‡Mi bxwZwba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ Awa‡ekb WvKv nq| gymwjg jxM mfvcwZ wRbœvn Gmgq wØRvwZ ZË¡
†NvlYv K‡ib| wZwb `ywU RvwZi ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb fvi‡Zi mgm¨v
AvšÍtmv¤cÖ`vwqK ai‡bi bq, `…k¨Z G mgm¨v n‡jv AvšÍR©vwZK| Avgv‡`i cªavb c_ n‡jv RvwZ¸‡jv‡K gvZ…f~wg
MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i fviZ‡K `ywU ¯^kvwmZ RvZxq iv‡óª wef³ Kiv| wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i weiæ‡× Ks‡Mªm wn›`y
ivRbxwZwe` I eyw×Rxexiv †mv”Pvi n‡q I‡Vb wRbœvni wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i †NvlYv fvi‡Zi gymjgvb‡`i †PZbvq
AwMœùywj½ R¡vwj‡q †`q| ¯^Zš¿ ivóª ev ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ Zv‡`i‡K RvwM‡q †Zv‡j|
 Dcmsnvi : Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, Ks‡Mªm †bZ…e…‡›`i gymjgvb‡`i cªwZ AeÁv, Ae‡njv, Amwnòy
g‡bvfve, GKZidv wm×všÍ BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ n‡q‡Q| Gme Kvi‡Y GKK_vq ejv hvq BwZnv‡m jv‡nvi
cª¯vÍ e h_vh_ Kvi‡YB h_vmg‡q DÌvcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~jZ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve DÌvc‡bi ci fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZ‡Z bZyb
†giæKiY ïiæ nq| gymjgvbiv Zv‡`i Avjv`v Avevmf~wgi ¯^cœ †`L‡Z _v‡K|
2.05. jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e Kx? Gi ˆewkó¨mg~n †jL|
A_ev, jv‡nvi cª¯Íve ej‡Z Kx eySvq? GB cª¯Ív‡ei g~j ˆewkó¨mg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : f~wgKv : weªwUk fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m †h KqwU NUbv Zvrch©c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ 1940
mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e Ab¨Zg| gymwjg jx‡Mi ZrKvjxb mfvcwZ gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvni mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ gymwjg
jx‡Mi jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b †k‡i evsjv G. †K. dRjyj nK GB cª¯Íve DÌvcb K‡ib| evsjv‡`k Z_v fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Aa¨vqjv‡nvi cª¯Íve : 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© gymwjg
jx‡Mi jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg I DËi-c~e©v‡j "gymwjg msL¨vMwiô AÂjmg~‡n GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª
cªwZôvi GKwU cª¯vÍ e M…nxZ nq| GwU jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e bv‡g cwiwPZ gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvni
mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ Awa‡ek‡b jv‡nvi cª¯Íve DÌvcb K‡ib ZrKvjxb evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x G. †K. dRjyj nK| wZwb wRbœvni
wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i Ici wfwË K‡i HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Íve DÌvcb K‡ib| 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei Ici wfwË K‡iB
fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm bZyb Lv‡Z AMªmi nq jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei wfwˇZ fviZ wefw³i `vweB gymwjg m¤cÖ`v‡qi
g‡a¨ AwMœùywj½ Qwo‡q w`‡qwQj| G fvi‡Zi fwel¨r msweav‡bi e¨vcv‡i gymwjg‡`i wPšÍvavivq GK ˆecøweK cwieZ©‡bi
m~Pbv K‡iwQj| 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei djkªywZ‡Z 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefw³i gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ív‡bi m…wó n‡jI
Zv evOvwj RvwZ cª‡kœ ivóªxq mgvavb w`‡Z e¨_© nq| 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei djkªywZ‡Z 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefw³
n‡Z cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nIqvi ci cvwK¯Ív‡b bvbv Av‡›`vjb Zxeª †_‡K ZxeªZi n‡q I‡V Ges GKch©v‡q cvwK¯Ívb
†f‡O eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki D™¢e N‡U|
jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ˆewkó¨ : 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© G. †K. dRjyj nK KZ©…K DÌvwcZ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei ˆewkó¨mg~n wb‡gœ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. hy³ivóªxq cwiKíbv : 1940 mv‡j cªewZ©Z HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei cª_g I cªavb ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q G‡Z wbwLj
fviZ gymwjg jxM `…pZvi mv‡_ †NvlYv K‡i †h, 1935 mv‡ji AvB‡bi †h me©fviZxq hy³ivóªxq cwiKíbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q Zv fvi‡Zi D™¢~Z Ae¯’vi cwi‡cªw¶Z AmsMZ I AKvh©Ki| ZvB fviZxq gymjgvbM‡Yi wbKU 1935
mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi hy³ivóªxq cwiKíbv MªnY‡hvM¨ nqwb|
2. kvmbZvwš¿K cwiKíbvi †¶‡Î gymjgvb‡`i m¤§wZ : jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e ejv nq †h, fvi‡Z gymjgvb‡`i m¤§wZ
e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv kvmbZvwš¿K cwiKíbv Kvh©Ki n‡e bv| G‡Z cª‡qvR‡b mxgvbvi cybwe©b¨vm mvab I †fŠ‡MvwjK
w`K †_‡K wbKUeZ©x msL¨vMwiô gymwjg Aay¨wlZ GjvKv¸‡jvi mgš^qmvabmn fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg I c~e©v‡j
GKvwaK ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg ivóª MVb Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZKiY : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e ejv nq †h, †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx cvkvcvwk
msjMœ ev mwbœwnZ ¯’vbmg~n‡K ev GjvKvmg~n‡K AÂj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|
4. gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª MVb : 1940 mv‡j M…nxZ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðgvÂj I
c~e©v‡j gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~n MV‡bi cª¯vÍ e Kiv nq|
5. †gŠwjK bxwZ wn‡m‡e MªnY : jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q G‡Z ejv nq †h, jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e
†h mKj welq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv cieZ©x‡Z †`‡ki fwel¨r mvsweavwbK ev kvmbZvwš¿K cwiKíbv †_‡K
†gŠwjK bxwZ wn‡m‡e MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. gymwjg‡`i Aby‡gv`b I m¤§wZ msewjZ msweavb : jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei Av‡iKwU ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q G‡Z ejv nq †h,
cªYxZ mg¯Í mvsweavwbK cwiKíbv bZybfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e, bZyev gymjgvbMY Amš‘ó n‡e| Avi fwel¨‡Z
†h msweavb iwPZ n‡e Zv‡Z Aek¨B gymjgvb‡`i Aby‡gv`b I m¤§wZ _vK‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j †Kv‡bv ms‡kvwaZ
cwiKíbv gymjgvb‡`i wbKU AMªnY‡hvM¨ n‡e|
7. msL¨vjNy gymjgvb‡`i AwaKvi I ¯^v_© msi¶Y : †k‡i evsjv G. †K dRjyj nK Zvi jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e e‡jb †h,
bZybfv‡e MwVZ ivóªmg~‡ni evB‡i fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ RvqMvq †hLv‡b gymjgvbiv msL¨vjNy, †mLv‡b gymjgvb‡`i
mv‡_ civgk©µ‡g Zv‡`i ag©xq, mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK, cªkvmwbK I Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi Ges ¯^v_© msweav‡b
msi¶‡Y h_vh_ I Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e|
 8. msL¨vjNy‡`i wel‡q wm×všÍ : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡e ejv nq, bZybfv‡e MwVZ A½ivR¨mg~‡n msL¨vjNy‡`i ag©xq,
ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I kvmbmsµvšÍ AwaKvi i¶v Kivi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi fwel¨r msweav‡b wewfbœ iKg i¶vKeP
D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e Ges Kvh©Ki wm×všÍ MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. gymwjg msL¨vMwiô GjvKv¸‡jvi mxgvbv cwieZ©b : 1940 mv‡ji HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e gymwjg msL¨vMwiô
GjvKv¸‡jvi Rb¨ cª‡qvR‡b c~‡e©i mxgvbvi cwieZ©‡bi cª¯Íve Kiv nq|
10. ¯^vqËkvwmZ I ¯^vaxb A½ivR¨ : jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei Ab¨ Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡cY~ © ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q G‡Z ejv nq †h,
gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ †hme ¯^vaxb ivóª MwVZ n‡e Zv‡`i mKj cª‡`k ev A½ivR¨¸‡jv n‡e ¯^vqËkvwmZ I ¯^vaxb
cªK…wZi|
Dcmsnvi : Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, my¯úóZB cªZxqgvb nq †h, jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_©
msi¶Y I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi cªwZôvq GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj| fviZxq gymjgvbMY wewfbœ mg‡q wn›`y‡`i Øviv cªZvwiZ
n‡q Dcjwä Ki‡Z m¶g nb †h, c…_K Avevmf~wg Qvov Zv‡`i mvg‡b weKí †Kv‡bv c_ †bB| gymjgvb‡`i G wPšÍvavivi
djwZB n‡”Q HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e| jv‡nvi cª¯ÍveB g~jZ ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg gymwjg cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi exR ecb
K‡iwQj|
2.06. 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei ¸iæZ¡ I djvdj Av‡jvPbv Ki|
A_ev, 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei Zvrch© I djvdj e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : f~wgKv : fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m †h KqwU NUbv we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i i‡q‡Q Zvi
g‡a¨ 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e Ab¨Zg| GwU wQj AbybœZ gymjgvb mgv‡Ri fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi GK Ac~e© PvweKvwV| we‡kl
K‡i jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡eB gymjgvbiv me©cª_g HK¨e×fv‡e †Rviv‡jv K‡É gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c…_K Avevmf~wg Z_v ¯^vaxb
mve©‡fŠg gymwjg iv‡óªi `vwe Rvbvb| Aek¨ Zv‡`i G ¯^Zš¿ wPšÍvaviv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ag© ev m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jv‡Ki Rb¨
ûgwK¯^iƒcI wQj bv| cieZ©x‡Z jv‡nvi cª¯Íve ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cªfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z mg_© nq|
1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ¸iæZ¡ : mKj w`K †_‡K jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei ¸iæZ¡ AZ¨waK| †Kbbv jv‡nvi cª¯Íve cieZ©x‡Z
fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cªfve we¯Ívi K‡i| wb‡gœ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. ivR‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZ‡Z GK bZyb avivi D™¢e NUvq| GZw`b fviZe‡l©i
ivRbxwZ‡Z `ywU ivR‰bwZK `j _vK‡jI mKj wm×všÍ M…nxZ n‡Zv GKc¶xqfv‡e| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ
nIqvi ci fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ mgvbfv‡e `yBfv‡M wef³ n‡q hvq| hvi d‡j ivRbxwZ bZyb avivq AMªmi nq|
2. gymwjg HK¨‡eva m…wó : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei d‡j gymwjg HK¨‡eva m…wó nq| GZw`b wn›`y I
gymjgvbiv ci¯úi wg‡jwg‡k PjZ Ges wb‡R‡`i‡K GKB RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai Aaxb e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zv| wKš‘ jv‡nvi
cª¯Ív‡ei ci gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i gymwjg HK¨‡ev‡ai m~‡Î Ave× nq Ges Bmjvg ag©wfwËK
RvZxqZv‡eva ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
3. gymwjg jx‡Mi RbwcªqZv e…w× : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci gymwjg jx‡Mi RbwcªqZv eû¸‡Y e…w× cvq|
GZw`b A‡bK gymjgvb Ks‡Mª‡mi Aaxb¯’ wQj wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei ci gymjgvb‡`i wbKU ÔKs‡Mªm wn›`y‡`i
`j' Giƒc gvbwmKZv m…wó nq| hvi d‡j mKj gymjgvbB gymwjg jx‡Mi QvqvZ‡j Avkªq †bq|
4. 1946 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi cªfve : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Íve 1946 mv‡j AbywôZ cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
cªfve we¯Ívi K‡i| †Kbbv G wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM †gvU 492wU gymwjg Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 428wU Avmb jvf K‡i|
A_P jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e DÌvc‡bi Av‡M gymwjg jxM 1937 mv‡ji cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b gvÎ 109wU Avmb jvf Ki‡Z
m¶g nq|
5. fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb cvm : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^v_©MZ Pig Øb&Ø †`Lv
†`q| hvi d‡j fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ RvqMvq mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v †e‡a hvq| Giƒc Ae¯’vq weªwUk miKvi Abyaveb
Ki‡Z cv‡i †h, fviZe‡l©i wefw³ Qvov mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Avi †Kv‡bv c_ †bB| ZvB jv‡nvi cª¯Íve‡K †K›`ª
K‡iB 1947 mv‡j fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb iPbv Kiv nq|
6. cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ : 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ mKj eÜb‡K wQbœ K‡i I mg¯Í evavwecwˇK AwZµg K‡i
¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq| hvi d‡j jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e DÌvwcZ gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c…_K ivóª MV‡bi
`vwe ev¯Íe iƒc jvf K‡i| gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡`i †_‡K m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v n‡q hvq
7. ¯^vaxb evsjvi exR ecb : jv‡nvi cª¯ÍveB me©cª_g ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki exR ecb K‡iwQj| †Kbbv jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡e
ejv nq †h fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðgvÂj I c~e©v‡j GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª MwVZ n‡e| Z‡e cieZ©xKv‡j GK N…Y¨
 loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g GKvwaK RvqMvq GKwU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi K_v ejv nq| wKš‘ evsjvi gymjgvbiv me©`vB jv‡nvi
cª¯Ív‡ei ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡K mvg‡b †i‡L Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z _v‡K| bvbv evavwecwË †cwi‡q Ae‡k‡l 1971
mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cªwZwôZ nq| ZvB ejv nq, evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv A‡bKvs‡k jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡eiB
cªZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶ dj|
1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei djvdj : HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Íve fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i| wb‡gœ 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei djvdj A‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. gymwjg‡`i cªwZwµqv : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci gymjgvb‡`i a¨vbaviYvi g‡a¨ GK ˆecøweK cwieZ©b
mvwaZ nq| gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ ag©wfwËK RvZxqZv‡eva RvMªZ nq| gymjgvbiv GLvb †_‡KB Abyfe K‡ib †h
Zv‡`i mvsweavwbK wbivcËvi `iKvi †bB| Zviv mvsweavwbK wbivcËvi cwie‡Z© ¯^Zš¿ ivR‰bwZK Aw¯Í‡Z¡i `vwe
Rvbvq| 1946 mv‡ji cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci gymwjg jxM Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨ AR©b
K‡i| Zviv 492wU gymwjg Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 428wU Avmb jvf K‡i| G wbe©vP‡bi ci cvwK¯Ívb cªwZôvi `vwe‡Z
1946 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷‡K gymwjg jxM cªZ¨¶ msMªvg w`em wn‡m‡e cvjb K‡i| GKK_vq gymjgvbiv g‡bcªv‡Y
wbR¯^ iv‡óªi Av‡›`vj‡b g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i|
2. wn›`y‡`i cªwZwµqv : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve wn›`y‡`i Rb¨ cª¯Íve‡K ÔcvwK¯Ívb cª¯Íve' e‡j mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| GKK_vq
wn›`yiv jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei weiæ‡× e¨vcK cªPvi cªPviYv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L|
3. fviZe‡l©i wefw³ : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e M…nxZ nIqvi ci fviZel© wefw³i c_ A‡bKUvB myMg n‡q hvq| G cª¯Íve
M…nxZ nIqvi AvM ch©šÍ Ks‡Mªm I gymwjg jxM g~jZ ALÐ fvi‡Zi Rb¨ †hŠ_fv‡e Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv
K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨ w`‡q Zvi †Q` c‡o| weªwUk miKviI jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei d‡j Dcjwä
K‡ib †h fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i GKB ivóªxq KvVv‡gvi AvIZvq ivLv n‡e wbe©yw×Zvi kvwgj|
A_©vr jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e ALÐ fvi‡Zi aviYvq wPi aivq
4. wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i HK¨ I m¤cÖxwZ webó : weªwUk fvi‡Z hw`I wn›`y gymjgvb‡`i cvi¯úvwiK Øb&Ø †gŠwjK,
ZeyI wn›`y I gymwjg †bZ…e…›` †gvUvgywU HK¨e×fv‡e ALÐ fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ `xN©w`b a‡i Av‡›`vjb
cwiPvjbv K‡i| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e M…nxZ nIqvi ci wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i GB HK¨ I m¤cÖxwZ webó n‡q hvq|
Dcmsnvi : Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZi BwZnv‡m 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei
¸iæZ¡ Amvgvb¨| G cª¯vÍ e Ae‡nwjZ gymjgvb‡`i AwaKvi Av`vq I Av‡›`vjbiZ gymjgvb RvwZi g‡a¨ GK bew`M‡šÍi
Øvi D‡b¥vPb K‡i †`q| ZvB ejv hvq, hw` HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ bv n‡Zv Zvn‡j nqZ cvwK¯Ívb wKsev
evsjv‡`k ivóª ïay ¯^cBœ †_‡K †hZ|
2.07 jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g~j cªwZcv`¨ welq Kx wQj? G cª¯Ív‡ei Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki|
A_ev, jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g~j welq Kx wQj? G cª¯Ív‡ei cªfve Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : f~wgKv : fviZe‡l©i ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m †h KqwU NUbv me‡P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zvi g‡a¨ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve GKwU|
jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ eB n‡”Q GKgvÎ cª¯vÍ e †hLv‡b gymjgvbiv Zv‡`i msL¨vMwi‡ôi wfwˇZ me©cª_g c…_K Avevm f~wgi `vwe
†Zv‡j| GZw`b ch©šÍ fvi‡Z †hme ivR‰bwZK Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡qwQj Zv wQj †gvUvgywU wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i
HK¨e×Zvi wfwˇZ iwPZ| jv‡nvi cª¯Íve G H‡K¨i wfwË wQbœ K‡i †`q|
jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g~j cªwZcv`¨ welq : jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e ejv nq †h, wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi G Awa‡ek‡bi mywbwðZ
AwfgZ GB †h, †Kv‡bv mvsweavwbK cwiKíbv G‡`‡k Kvh©Ki Kiv hv‡e bv ev gymjgvb‡`i Kv‡Q MªnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv, hw`
Zv wbgœiƒc g~jbxwZi Ici cwiKwíZ bv nq| h_v :
K. †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx mwbœwnZ ¯’vbmg~n‡K AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
L. Gme AÂj‡K cª‡qvRbg‡Zv mxgv cwieZ©b K‡i Ggbfv‡e MVb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z fviZe‡l© DËi-cwðg I
c~e©v‡ji †hme ¯’v‡b gymjgvbMY msL¨vMwiô †m AÂjmg~‡n ¯^vaxb ivóª cªwZôv Kiv hvq|
M. ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~‡ni A½ivR¨¸‡jv n‡e ¯^vqËkvwmZ I mve©‡fŠg cªK…wZi|
GQvov G cª¯Ív‡e AviI D‡jøL Kiv nq, ÒGme A‡ji msL¨vjNy‡`i ag©xq, mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK, kvmbZvwš¿K
Ges J Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi I ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i h‡_vchy³ Kvh©Ki I eva¨Zvg~jK
i¶vKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿ Ki‡Z n‡e| fviZe‡l© gymjgvbMY †hme ¯’v‡b Lv‡b Zvui msL¨vjNy †mme ¯’v‡b
Zv‡`iI Ab¨vb¨ msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`v‡qi ag©xq, mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK, kvmbZvwš¿K Ges Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi I ¯^v_©
 msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i h‡_vchy³ Kvh©Ki I eva¨Zvg~jK i¶vKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿ mshy³
Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó
jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei Zvrch© : mKj w`K †_‡K jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei Zvrch© AZ¨waK| †Kbbv jv‡nvi cª¯Íve cieZ©x‡Z fviZe‡l©i
ivRbxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cªfve we¯Ívi K‡i| wb‡gœ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei Zvrch© we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv :
1. ivR‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZ‡Z GK bZyb avivi D™¢e NUvq| GZw`b fviZe‡l©i
ivRbxwZ‡Z `ywU ivR‰bwZK `j _vK‡jI mKj wm×všÍ M…nxZ n‡Zv GKc¶xqfv‡e| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ
nIqvi ci fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ mgvbfv‡e `yBfv‡M wef³ n‡q hvq| hvi d‡j ivRbxwZ bZyb avivq cªevwnZ nq|
2. gymwjg HK¨‡eva m…wó : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei d‡j gymwjg HK¨‡eva m…wó nq| GZw`b wn›`y I
gymjgvbiv ci¯úi wg‡jwg‡k PjZ Ges wb‡R‡`i‡K GKB RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai Aaxb e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zv| wKš‘ jv‡nvi
cª¯Ív‡ei ci gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i gymwjg HK¨‡ev‡ai m~‡Î Ave× nq Ges Bmjvg ag©wfwËK
RvZxqZv‡eva m…wó K‡i|
3. gymwjg jx‡Mi RbwcªqZv e…w× : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci gymwjg jx‡Mi RbwcªqZv eû¸‡Y e…w× cvq|
GZw`b A‡bK gymjgvb Ks‡Mª‡mi Aaxb¯’ wQj wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei ci gymjgvb‡`i wbKU 'Ks‡Mªm wn›`y‡`i
`j' Giƒc gvbwmKZv m…wó nq| hvi d‡j gymjgvbiv gymwjg jx‡Mi QvqvZ‡j Avkªq MªnY K‡i|
4. 1946 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi cªfve : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Íve 1946 mv‡j AbywôZ cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
cªfve we¯Ívi K‡i| †Kbbv G wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM †gvU 492wU gymwjg Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 428wU Avmb jvf K‡i|
A_P jv‡nvi cª¯Íve DÌvc‡bi Av‡M gymwjg jxM 1937 mv‡ji cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b gvÎ 109wU Avmb jvf K‡i
†kvPbxqfv‡e civRqeiY K‡i|
5. fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb cvm : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^v_©MZ Pig Øb&Ø †`Lv
†`q| hvi d‡j fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ RvqMvq mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v †e‡a hvq| Giƒc Ae¯’vq weªwUk miKvi Abyaveb
Ki‡Z cv‡i †h, fviZe‡l©i wefw³ Qvov mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Avi †Kv‡bv c_ †bB| ZvB jv‡nvi cª¯Íve‡K †K›`ª
K‡iB 1947 mv‡j fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb cªYqb nq|
6. cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ : 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ mKj eÜb‡K wQbœ K‡i I mg¯Í evavwecwˇK AwZµg K‡i
¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq hvi d‡j jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e DÌvwcZ gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c…_K ivóª MV‡bi
`vwe ev¯Íe iƒc jvf K‡i| gymwjg m¤cÖ`vq wn›`y‡`i †_‡K m¤ú~Y© ¯^vZšÍª¨Zv jvf K‡i|
7. bew`M‡šÍi m~Pbv : HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Íve fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZi BwZnv‡m GK bew`M‡šÍi m~Pbv K‡i| †Kbbv
GB cª¯Ív‡ei wfwˇZB fviZel© Zvi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm wQbœ K‡i wef³ n‡q c‡o| Avi fviZe‡l©i wcwQ‡q
cov gymjgvbiv Zv‡`i AwaKvi cybtcªwZôv Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
8. ¯^vaxb evsjvi exR ecb : jv‡nvi cª¯ÍveB me©cª_g ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki exR ecb K‡iwQj| †Kbbv jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡e
ejv nq †h fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðgvÂj I c~e©v‡j GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª MwVZ n‡e| Z‡e cieZ©xKv‡j GK N…Y¨
loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g GKvwaK RvqMvq GKwU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi K_v ejv nq| wKš‘ evsjvi gymjgvbiv me©`vB jv‡nvi
cª¯Ív‡ei ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡K mvg‡b †i‡L Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z _v‡K| bvbv evavwecwË †cwi‡q Ae‡k‡l 1971
mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cªwZwôZ nq| d‡j GwU mn‡RB cªZxqgvb nq evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv A‡bKvs‡k
jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡eiB dj|
Dcmsnvi : Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, weªwUk fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m 1940 mv‡j DÌvwcZ
jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| †Kbbv jv‡nvi cª¯Íve fvi‡Zi cy‡iv ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v‡KB cwieZ©b K‡i †d‡j| G
cª¯vÍ ‡ei wfwˇZB 1947 mv‡j gymjgvbiv Zv‡`i cªv‡Yi `vwe ¯^iƒc cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ †`q| cieZ©x‡Z evOvwj‡`i
bvbv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cªiYvI wQj G HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Íve| Gi †cª¶vc‡UB 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k bvgK GKwU ¯^vaxb
†`‡ki m…wó nq|
2.08. Òjv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e M…nxZ nIqvi d‡j fvi‡Zi wefw³ Awbevh© n‡q D‡VwQj|Ó- we‡kølY Ki|
A_ev, jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨B wK fviZ wefw³ Awbevh© wQj? we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : f~wgKv : weªwUk fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© GKwU Abb¨ ¯§iYxq w`b| †Kbbv Gw`b
gymjgvb‡`i cªv‡Yi `vwemg~n jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei gva¨‡g DÌvwcZ n‡qwQj| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK RM‡Z
gymwjg‡`i †ewki fvM mgq msL¨vjNy RvwZ wn‡m‡e aiv n‡Zv| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvq gymjgvb‡`i ivR‰bwZK
 fveaviv wfbœc‡_ cwiPvwjZ nq| Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K c…_K mËv wn‡m‡e msL¨vMwiô AÂjmg~‡n ¯^vaxb ivóª MVb Kivi
`vwe Rvbvb|
Òjv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi d‡j fvi‡Zi wefw³ Awbevh© n‡q D‡VwQj|Ó - Dw³wUi we‡kølY : wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i‡K
fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m hw`I c…_K `ywU RvwZ wn‡m‡e aiv nq ZeyI jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ Zviv
DfqB HK¨e×fv‡e ALÐ fvi‡Zi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb K‡i AvmwQj| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci fvi‡Zi wefw³
Awbevh© n‡q D‡VwQj| wb‡gœ Zv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~n MVb : g~j jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡e ejv nq †h fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðgv‡j I c~e©v‡j †h ¯’v‡b gymjgvbiv
msL¨vMwiô †mLv‡b Zv‡`i Rb¨ GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~n MwVZ n‡e| cª‡qvR‡b Gme GjvKvi mxgvbv cwieZ©b
Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr G cª¯Ív‡e my¯úófv‡e fvi‡Zi wefw³i K_v ejv nq| cieZ©x‡Z gymjgvbiv G `vwe‡Z mg_©b
Rvbvq|
2. hy³ivóªxq cwiKíbv cªZ¨vL¨vb : gymjgvbiv jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e hy³ivóªxq cwiKíbv cªZ¨vL¨vb K‡i mKj mvsweavwbK
cwiKíbv‡K bZybfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z e‡jb| †Kbbv gymjgvbiv g‡b K‡ib G‡Z gymjgvb‡`i †Kv‡bv cªKv‡i
jvf n‡e bv| wKš‘ fvi‡Zi g‡Zv GZ eo iv‡óª hy³ivóªxq cwiKíbv Qvov kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv Am¤¢e| A_©vr
hy³ivóªxq cwiKíbv evwZj n‡j fviZ wefv‡Mi c_ myMg nq|
3. wn›`y-gymwjg Øb&Ø : wn›`y I gymjgvbiv fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ‡Z `xN©w`b a‡i HK¨e×fv‡e ALÐ fvi‡Zi
¯^vqËkvm‡bi Rb¨ msMªvg K‡i AvmwQj| j‡¶&YŠ Pyw³, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb, †e½j c¨v± m¤úv`‡bi mgq wn›`y
I gymjgvb‡`i m¤úK© wQj ci¯ú‡ii mnvqK I cwic~iK| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei d‡j Zv‡`i AvšÍwiK kª×v I
wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ fvUv c‡o| GgbwK fvi‡Zi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ `v½v †e‡a hvq| A_©vr wn›`y
gymjgvb‡`i m¤úK© bó nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ fvi‡Zi wefw³I Awbevh© n‡q `vuW়vq|
4. cª‡`kmg~‡ni ¯^vqËkvmb : jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei avivq AviI D‡jøL Kiv nq †h, bZybfv‡e †hme ivóªmg~n MwVZ n‡e
Zvi cª‡`k ev A½ivR¨mg~n n‡e ¯^vqËkvwmZ| A_©vr G‡Z AvÂwjK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe †Zvjv nq| wKš‘ †`Lv
hvq †h AvÂwjKfv‡e cª‡`kmg~n ¯^vqËkvmb †c‡j †K‡›`ªi cªfve D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvÎvq nªvm cv‡e| A_©vr Zv
fvi‡Zi wefw³‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡e|
5. weªwUk miKv‡ii bgbxqZv : fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k weªwUk kvmbe¨e¯’v cªwZwôZ nIqvi ci †_‡K weªwUk miKviI
Zv‡`i mKj Kg©KvÐ ALÐ fvi‡Zi Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ K‡i| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e fvi‡Zi wefw³i K_v ejv n‡j
weªwUk miKviI Zvi a¨vbaviYvi cwieZ©b K‡ib| weªwUk miKvi jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei d‡j Dcjwä K‡ib †h, wn›`y
I gymjgvb‡`i‡K ALÐ fvi‡Zi AvIZvq ivLv wbe©yw×Zvi kvwgj| A_©vr weªwUk miKv‡ii Giƒc g‡bvfve fvi‡Zi
wefw³‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|
6. gymwjg jx‡Mi mv¤cÖ`vwqK cªPvi : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci gymwjg jxM mv¤cÖ`vwqK cªPvi Pvjv‡Z _v‡K
hv fvi‡Zi wefw³ †W‡K Av‡b| gymwjg jxM `vwe K‡i †h, gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡`i †_‡K c…_K I ¯^Zš¿ GKwU
RvwZ| fviZ ALÐ _vK‡j †Kej msL¨vMwiô wn›`yivB Gi KZ©…Z¡ MªnY Ki‡e| G‡Z gymjgvb‡`i †Kv‡bv cªKvi
jvf n‡e bv| gymwjg jx‡Mi Giƒc cªPvi gymjgv‡`i wPšÍv‡PZbv‡K cwieZ©b K‡i †`q|
7. wn›`y †bZv‡`i g‡bvej webó : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y fvi‡Zi A‡bK wn›`y †bZv‡`i g‡bvej webó
n‡q hvq| hviv GZw`b ALÐ fvi‡Zi Rb¨ msMªvg K‡iwQ‡jb ZvivI Dcjwä Ki‡Z _v‡Kb †h, fvi‡Zi wefw³
Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv c_ †Lvjv †bB| †Kbbv wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ mew`K †_‡KB e¨vcK †gŠwjK cv_©K¨
we`¨gvb| wn›`y †bZv‡`i weiƒc g‡bvfve fvi‡Zi wefw³‡Z BÜb †RvMvq|
8. gymwjg RvZxqZvev‡`i cªmvi : 1940 mv‡j jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi d‡j gymwjg RvZxqZvev‡`i e¨vcK
cªmvi N‡U| Gmgq gymjgvbiv fviZxq RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai cwie‡Z© Bmjvwg ev gymwjg RvZxqZvev‡`i Øviv
AbycªvwYZ nq| Zviv mg‡eZfv‡e gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ c…_K Avevmf~wg †_‡K ïiæ K‡i c…_K miKvi MV‡bi `vwe
Rvbvq| gymjgvb‡`i Giƒc RvZxqZv‡eva ALÐ fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK cwigÐj‡K e¨vcKfv‡e ¶wZMª¯Í K‡i|
Dcmsnvi : Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e fvi‡Z wn›`y-gymjgvb‡`i m¤úK©‡K
wPiZ‡i aŸsm K‡i †`q| wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡b G cª¯vÍ ‡ei d‡j GK_v e×g~j nq †h, †h‡nZy ivR‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK,
ag©xq w`K †_‡K wn›`y I gymjgvbiv m¤ú~Y© wfbœ, AZGe Zv‡`i Avevmf~wgI n‡e c…_K| GiB wfwˇZ 1947 mv‡j
fviZel© wef³ n‡q `ywU ¯^vaxb ivóª MwVZ nq| A_©vr Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi jv‡nvi cª¯ÍveB fviZ wefw³i KviY wQj|
2.09. ÒHwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki exR wbwnZ wQj|Ó - Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki|
A_ev, jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨ wK ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki exR wbwnZ wQj? we‡kølY Ki|
DËi f~wgKv : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Íve weªwUk fvi‡Zi gymjgvb‡`i ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| Gi
d‡j fviZe‡l©i Ae‡nwjZ gymjgvbiv Avjv`vfv‡e Zv‡`i Aw¯ÍZ¡ wPšÍv Ki‡Z _v‡K| ivR‰bwZK †cª¶vcU we‡ePbvq
jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e wQj GK †gvo cwieZ©bKvix Bmy¨| †Kbbv G HwZnvwmK cª¯Íve Mªn‡Yi ci gymjgvb‡`i ivR‰bwZK
wPšÍvavivq †h ˆecøweK cwieZ©b Av‡m Zvi mv_©K cwiYwZ cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi cªwZôv Ges c‡i ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki
Afy¨`q|
ÒHwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki exR wbwnZ wQj|Ó - Dw³wU we‡kølY : 1940 mv‡j gymwjg jx‡Mi
jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b M…nxZ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve wQj gymjgvb RbM‡Yi RvMiY I Avkv-AvKvO&¶vi cªZxK| ZvQvov HwZnvwmK
jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki exRI wbwnZ wQj| wb‡gœ Zv we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv :
1. c…_K ivóª MV‡bi `vwe : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e M…nxZ nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ fviZe‡l©i wn›`y‡`i cvkvcvwk gymjgvbivI
HK¨e× fvi‡Zi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb K‡i AvmwQj| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡e HK¨e× fvi‡Zi cwie‡Z© gymjgvbiv †hme
A‡j msL¨vMwiô †hme A‡j GKvwaK c…_K ¯^vaxb ivóª MV‡bi K_v ejv nq hvi d‡j GwU wewfbœ w`K †_‡K
¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V|
2. ¯^v‡_©i ؇b&Øi m~ÎcvZ : 1940 mv‡j jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e M…nxZ nIqvi d‡j wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^v‡_©i ؇b&Øi
m~ÎcvZ N‡U| GZw`b wn›`y I gymjgvbiv †h HK¨e× ¯^v_© wb‡q KvR K‡i AvmwQj jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e Zv bó K‡i
†`q| hvi d‡j Dfq m¤cÖ`vq Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i ¯^v‡_©i cªwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nq|
3. gymwjg jx‡Mi RbwcªqZv e…w× : fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k wn›`y I gymjgvb `ywU RvwZ emevm Ki‡jI †ewki fvM †¶‡Î
gymjgvbiv D‡cw¶Z wQj| †ewki fvM my‡hvM myweav wn›`yiv MªnY Ki‡Zv| G‡Z K‡i gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ ax‡i
ax‡i †¶vf Rgv n‡Z _v‡K| 1940 mv‡j gymjgvb‡`i `vwe msewjZ jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ n‡j gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨
e¨vcK Av‡jvob m…wó nq Ges gymwjg jx‡Mi RbwcªqZv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i e…w× cvq|
4. wbe©vP‡b e¨eavb e…w× : jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e M…nxZ nIqvi ci wbe©vP‡b e¨eavb †eW‡় hvq| fviZe‡l©i `yBwU `j
Ks‡Mªm I gymwjg jxM 1937 mv‡ji cªv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b AskMªnY Ki‡j gymwjg jxM 485wU gymwjg Avm‡bi
g‡a¨ 109wU Avmb jvf K‡i| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ e M…nxZ nIqvi ci 1946 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM 492wU
gymwjg Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 428 wU Avmb jvf K‡i, hv weivU e¨eav‡bi my¯úó cªgvY|
5. fviZe‡l©i wefw³ : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve M…nxZ nIqvi ci wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i m¤ú‡K©i cªPÐ AebwZ N‡U| 1946
mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m…wói `vwe‡Z gymjgvbiv 16 AvM÷ cªZ¨¶ msMªvg w`em cvjb K‡i Gmgq
†MvUv fviZe‡l© ïiæ nq wn›`y-gymwjg `v½v| wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i m¤ú‡K©i P~ovšÍ I Pig AebwZ NU‡j fviZ‡l©i
mK‡jB Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i †h fviZel© wefw³ Kiv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv c_ †bB| GiB wfwˇZ 1947 mv‡ji
14 I 15 AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ bvgK `ywU ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq|
6. evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i wfwË ¯’vcb : jv‡nvi cª¯Íve ïay cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªiB Rb¥ †`qwb; eis GB cª¯vÍ ‡ei d‡j
evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i wfwËI ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj| jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e ïaygvÎ GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª MV‡bi K_vB ejv
nqwb, G‡Z cªv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb cª`v‡bi K_vI ejv nq| cieZ©x‡Z ¯^vaxb cvwK¯Ív‡b evOvwjivI cªv‡`wkK
¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe Rvbvq I evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i D‡b¥l NUvq|
7. fvlv Av‡›`vjb : 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ga¨ w`‡q evOvwj‡`i g‡a¨ †h RvZxq HK¨‡eva Z_v evOvwj
RvZxqZvev‡`i D™¢e N‡U Zv cieZ©xKv‡j 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g cªwZdwjZ nq| cvwK¯Ívwb
kvmK‡Mvôx hLb evOvwj‡`i gvZ…fvlv evsjvi cwie‡Z© D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi Ac‡Póvq wjß nq ZLb
evsjvi RbMY ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e Gi cªwZev` Rvbvq|
8. 1966 mv‡ji 6 `dv Kg©m~wP : evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i mb` wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ 6 `dv Kg©m~wP hLb 1966 mv‡j
†NvlYv Kiv nq ZLb Zvi g‡a¨ jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei cªZ¨¶ iƒc †`Lv hvq| 6 `dvi cª_g `dv‡ZB D‡jøL Kiv nq
†h, HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei wfwˇZ msweavb iPbv K‡i cvwK¯Ívb‡K GKwU mwZ¨Kvi hy³iv‡óª cwiYZ Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ívbmn mKj cª‡`k‡K cªv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb cª`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| cieZ©xKv‡j 6 `dv `vwe
Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ 6 `dvwfwËK e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vjb ïiæ nq|
9. 1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb : c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vqËkvmb cª`v‡bi `vwe‡K †K›`ª K‡i 1969 mv‡j MYAfy¨Ìvb
msNwUZ nq| hw`I AvBqye miKv‡ii ˆ¯^ivPvwiZvmn AviI A‡bK NUbv GB MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi Rb¨ `vqx, ZeyI Gi
 wcQ‡b g~j †cªiYv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e DÌvwcZ cª‡`kmg~‡ni ¯^vqËkvmb I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i †hŠw³K
`vwe|
10. ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k cªwZôv : cªv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb cª`vb Z_v jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei wfwˇZ hy³ivóª MVb
Ki‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx Am¤§wZ Ávcb Ki‡j evOvwjiv µgvš^‡q Av‡›`vjbgyLi I ¯^vaxbZvKvgx n‡q I‡V|
GK mgq cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z ¯^vaxbZv msMªv‡g Svuwc‡q c‡o ïiæ nq gyw³hy×| evOvwjiv Zv‡`i
HK¨e× RvZxqZvev‡` ejxqvb n‡q HK¨e×fv‡e Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i Ges `xN© 9 gvm GK i³¶qx hy‡×i gva¨‡g
¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ †`q|
Dcmsnvi : Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨B ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki exR
wbwnZ wQj K_vwU h_v_©| †Kbbv jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡e DÌvwcZ ¯^vqËkvmb I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i `vwe evOvwj‡`i AšÍ‡i †Mu‡_ hvq
Ges ˆZwi nq evOvwj RvZxqZvev`| Avi G RvZxqZvev`B evOvwj‡`i‡K Av‡›`vjbgyLx K‡i Zy‡jwQj| G jv‡nvi cª¯vÍ ‡ei
`vwei wfwˇZ evOvwj‡`i Av‡›`vjb GKmgq P~ovšÍ iƒc aviY K‡i gyw³hy‡×i Drmvn †`q| m…wó nq ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg
evsjv‡`k bvgK GKwU ivóª|
2.10. ALÐ ¯^vaxb evsjv cªwZôvi cªqv‡m M…nxZ c`‡¶cmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki|
A_ev, ALÛ ¯^vaxb evsjv cªwZôvi cªqv‡m Kx Kx c`‡¶c †bIqv n‡qwQj? Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi f~wgKv : Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m Awfbœ †mvnivIqv`©x 1947 mv‡j 'ALÐ ¯^vaxb evsjv' cwiKíbv MªnY
K‡ib| Z‡e G cwiKíbvi welqe¯Íy wQj evsjvq GKwU gwš¿cwil` MVb Kiv n‡e hvi cªavbgš¿x n‡e gymjgvb| †nv‡mb
knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi G cª¯Ív‡e ZrKvjxb cvj©v‡g‡›Ui A‡b‡KB mvov †`q| Zviv evsjvi kvmbZvwš¿K KvVv‡gvI iPbv
K‡ib| G ALÛ evsjvi cª¯Ív‡e gymwjg jx‡Mi GKwU Mªyc we‡ivwaZv ïiæ K‡i|
ALÐ ¯^vaxb evsjv cªwZôvi cªqv‡m M…nxZ c`‡¶c jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei wfwˇZ cvwK¯Ívb cªwZwôZ n‡jI evsjvi fwel¨r
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx ¯^vaxb ALÐ evsjv cªwZôvi cwiKíbv MªnY Kiv nq| wb‡gœ ALÐ evsjv MV‡bi cªqv‡m bvbviKg
c`‡¶c avivevwnKfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. cwiKíbv MªnY : jW© gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub Zvi cwiKíbv cªKv‡ki c~‡e©B evsjvi welqwU Ks‡Mªm I gymjxg jxM †bZ…‡Z¡i
bR‡i P‡j Av‡m| evsjvi fwel¨r cª‡kœ Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ ZrKvjxb Awef³ evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x †nv‡mb knx`
†mvnivIqv`©x 1947 mv‡ji 27 Gwcªj w`wjø‡Z gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvni m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| †m Av‡jvPbvq
wRbœvn Kx AwfgZ w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv AÁvZ _vK‡jI H Av‡jvPbvi wKQyw`b ciB w`wjø‡Z AbywôZ GK mvsevw`K
m‡¤§j‡b †mvnivIqv`©x Ô¯^vaxb evsjvi' cwiKíbv Db¥y³ K‡ib|
2. gwš¿mfvi KvVv‡gv : Awef³ evsjv MV‡bi cwiKíbvq ejv nq evsjvi GK bZyb gwš¿cwil` MVb Kiv n‡e hvi
cªavbgš¿x n‡eb GKRb gymjgvb| gwš¿mfvi Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i kZKiv cÂvk fvM gymjgvb I cÂvk fvM
Agymjgvb _vK‡eb| Gici cªvßeq¯‹‡`i mivmwi †fv‡U gwš¿cwil` wbe©vwPZ n‡e| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg
_vK‡e; bv cvwK¯Ív‡b †hvM`vb Ki‡e, bvwK fvi‡Z †hvM`vb Ki‡e, †m wel‡q bZyb gwš¿cwil` P~ovšÍ wm×všÍ MªnY
Ki‡e|
3. mveKwgwU MVb : e½f½ †iva Ges ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjvi MVb KvVv‡gv Kx ai‡bi n‡e †m cªm‡½ wn›`y †bZ…e…‡›`i
m‡½ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ cªv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi Kvh©Kix cwil‡`i †`Iqv 1947 mv‡ji 30 Gwcªj Zvwi‡Li
mfvq gIjvbv AvKig Lvui mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKwU mve KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| G mve KwgwUi m`m¨iv n‡jb †nv‡mb
knx` †mvnivIqv`©x, nvweeyjvø n evnvi, nvwg`yj nK †PŠayix, BDmyd Avjx †PŠayix, dRjyi ingvb I b~iæj Avgxb|
4. ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³e‡M©i mg_©b cª`vb : cªv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡Mi cªwZ e½xq cªv‡`wkK Ks‡Mª‡mi cªavb
my‡i›`ª‡gvnb †Nvl, Ks‡Mªm cvj©v‡g›Uvwi `‡ji wKiYk¼i ivq Ges diIqvW© e-K †bZv kirP›`ª emy
Avkvbyiƒcfv‡e mvov †`b| 28 Gwcªj †_‡K 12 †g ch©šÍ evsjvi wn›`y gymjgvb †bZ…e…›` hy³evsjv cª‡kœ wewfbœ
ˆeV‡K wgwjZ nb| †mmgq MvÜx KjKvZvq Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb hy³evsjv welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi D‡Ï‡k¨
ch©vqµ‡g kir emy GKvKx, kir emy I Avãyj nvwkg, †mvnivIqv`©x I dRjyj ingvb Ges 12 †g †mvnivIqv`©x,
e¸ovi †gvnv¤§` Avjx Ges Aveyj nvwkg MvÜxi m‡½ mv¶vr K‡ib| fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z MvÜx ZLb GK
¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³Z¡| ZvB evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡` wek¦vmx †bZ…eM© Zvi Kv‡Q G‡mwQ‡jb Zvi mg_©b Av`v‡qi
D‡Ï‡k¨| Z‡e wZwb ¯^vaxb evsjvi welqwU myPZyifv‡e GWw়‡q hvb| Z‡e kir emy GKwU wPwV wj‡L Avk¦¯Í
K‡ib †h Ks‡Mª‡mi Kvh©wbe©vnx KwgwU‡Z Zv‡`i cª¯Íve †cŠu‡Q w`‡eb|
5. wn›`y-gymwjg mgš^qmvab : 1947 mv‡ji 12 †_‡K 20 †g ch©šÍ ALÐ evsjv MV‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †mvnivIqv`©x I
kir emy cª¯Ívemg~n wb‡q evOvwj wn›`y-gymwjg m¤§wZ cªwZôvi Rb¨ †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| gyL¨gš¿x
†mvnivIqv`©x gymwjg jx‡Mi cªv‡`wkK †m‡µUvwi Aveyj nvwkg, e¸ovi †gvnv¤§` Avjx, XvKvi dRjyi ingvb
(gš¿x), e½xq Ks‡Mªm †bZv wKiYk¼i ivq, mZ¨iÄb eLkx I diIqvW© e-K †bZv kirP›`ª emy cªgyL| †bZ…e…›`
20 †g kirP›`ª emyi evmvq GK m‡¤§j‡b e‡m ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjvi kvmbZvwš¿K KvVv‡gvi Lmov ˆZwi K‡ib|
G Lmov Pyw³i kZ©mg~n wQj wbgœiƒc :
i. evsjv n‡e GKwU ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª| fvi‡Zi Ab¨ As‡ki m‡½ Zvi m¤úK© Kx n‡e Zv GB ¯^vaxb
ivóªB w¯’i Ki‡e|
ii. wn›`y I gymjgvb RbmsL¨vi Abycv‡Z Avmb msL¨v e›Ub K‡i cªvßeq¯‹‡`i †fv‡U †hŠ_ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g
evsjv AvBb cwil` MwVZ n‡e| RbmsL¨vi Abycv‡Z wn›`y I Zdwmwj m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ Avmb msL¨v
eÈb Kiv n‡e, A_ev Zviv †hfv‡e †g‡b †bb †mfv‡e Avmb msL¨v wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
iii. ¯^vaxb evsjvi Giƒc cwiKíbv weªwUk miKvi †g‡b wb‡j ev evsjv fvM Kiv n‡e bv Giƒc †NvlYv w`‡j,
evsjvi eZ©gvb gwš¿mfv †f‡O †`Iqv n‡e Ges †m ¯’v‡b GKwU AšÍeZ©xKvjxb gwš¿mfv MVb Kiv n‡e|
GB gwš¿mfvi cªavbgš¿x n‡e GKRb gymjgvb Ges ¯^ivóªgš¿x n‡eb GKRb wn›`y|
iv. bZyb msweavb Abyhvqx AvBb cwil` I gwš¿mfv MVb bv nIqv ch©šÍ cywjk I †mbvevwnbxmn mKj PvKwi
evOvwj‡`i Øviv wbqwš¿Z n‡e Ges PvKwi‡Z mgvbmsL¨K evOvwj wn›`y I gymjgvb wb‡qvM Kiv n‡e|
v. evsjvi fwel¨r msweavb iPbvi Rb¨ †h MYcwil` MwVZ n‡e †mB MYcwil‡`i †gvU 30 Rb m`m¨
wbe©vwPZ n‡eb| Zvi g‡a¨ 16 Rb gymjgvb I 14 Rb wn›`y m`m¨ n‡eb| eZ©gvb AvBbmfvi wn›`y I
gymjgvb m`m¨MYB D³ MYcwil‡`i m`m¨ wbe©vPb Ki‡eb| MYcwil‡`i m`m¨ wbe©vPbKv‡j eZ©gvb
AvBbmfvi BD‡ivcxq m`m¨M‡Yi †Kv‡bv †fvUvwaKvi _vK‡e bv|
6. evsjv wef³ : evsjvi wn›`y I gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô †Rjvmg~‡ni msm` m`m¨MY 1947 mv‡ji 20 Ryb
gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub cwiKíbvbyhvqx c…_K c…_K ˆeV‡K e‡mb| gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô †Rjvmg~‡ni cªwZwbwaeM© 10635
†fv‡U ALÐ evsjvi cªwZ mg_©b cª`vb K‡ib| Acic‡¶, wn›`y msL¨vMwiô †Rjvmg~‡ni cªwZwbwaeM© ea©gv‡bi
gnviv‡Ri mfvcwZ‡Z¡ wgwjZ n‡q 58 : 21 †fv‡U evsjv wefw³i c‡¶ gZ †`b| d‡j evsjv c~e©evsjv I cwðg
evsjv G `yB As‡k wef³ nq| c~e©evsjvi cªwZwbwaeM© 107 : 34 †fv‡U cvwK¯Ív‡b †hvM`v‡bi c‡¶ Ges cwðg
evsjvi cªwZwbwaeM© 58 : 21 †fv‡U fviZe‡l© †hvM`v‡bi wm×všÍ MªnY K‡ib| c~e©evsjvi †h 34 Rb evsjv
wefw³i c‡¶ †fvU †`b Zviv mK‡jB wQ‡jb Ks‡Mªm `jxq m`m¨| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wKiYk¼i Ab¨Zg| Acic‡¶,
cwðg evsjvi †h 21 Rb evsjvi wefw³i wec‡¶ †fvU †`b Zviv mevB wQ‡jb gymwjg jxM `jxq m`m¨| †nv‡mb
knx` †mvnivIqv`©x G `jfy³ wQ‡jb wKš‘ G. †K. dRjyj nK †fvUvfywU‡Z AskMªnY Kiv †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb|
7. c~e©e‡½i ivRavbx XvKvq ¯’vcb : e½f‡½i †fvUvfywU m¤úbœ n‡j †mvnivIqv`©x gwš¿mfv KjKvZv Z¨vM bv Kivi
wm×všÍ MªnY K‡i| G mgq 27 Rb cªv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwUi GK Riæwi mfvq gvÎ 6 Rb m`‡m¨i
Dcw¯’wZ‡Z wm×všÍ MªnY Kiv nq †h XvKvq ¯’vwcZ n‡e c~e©e‡½i ivRavbx| Gfv‡eB evsjv wefw³i †¶Î cª¯ÍyZ
nq| weªwUk KZ©…c¶ 18 RyjvB 1947 fviZ ¯^vaxb AvB‡b evsjv‡K wØLwÐZ K‡i cwðg evsjv‡K fvi‡Zi AšÍf©y³
Ges c~e©evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ask e‡j †NvlYv K‡i| Gfv‡eB ¯^vaxb evsjvi ¯^cœ ¯^cœB †_‡K hvq|
Dcmsnvi : Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, ALÐ evsjv MV‡bi †h D‡`¨vM jv‡nvi cª¯Ív‡ei ci MªnY K‡i
Zv ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j Ks‡Mª‡mi ¶gZv Ges gymwjg jx‡Mi ¶gZvi mgvwa iwPZ n‡Zv| ZvB Ks‡Mªm I gymwjg jx‡Mi
nvBKgvÛ evsjv‡K KL‡bvB mg_©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| evsjv wefw³ n‡j cwðg evsjvi ¶wZ n‡Zv bv eis †mLv‡b wn›`y‡`i
c‡¶ wPiKvjB cªv‡`wkK miKvi MVb Kiv m¤¢e| wKš‘ weªwUk‡`i e½f‡½e Kvi‡Y GUv wPiZ‡i a~wjmvr n‡q hvq|