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Pediatric Case Study: Group A Strep Infection

Streptococcal group A

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views33 pages

Pediatric Case Study: Group A Strep Infection

Streptococcal group A

Uploaded by

pattawacht.y57
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INTERESTING

CASE
Intern Kanokwan Sukheewong
Intern Chawanpat Tansitthipun
Advisor [Link] Ruenglerdpong
OUTLINES
● History & Physical examination
● Problem list
● Differential diagnosis
● Investigation & Diagnosis
● Disease pathophysiology
● Management
● Progression of patient
HISTORY

เด็กหญิง อายุ 9 ปี ปฏิเสธโรคประจำตัว

อาการสำคัญ
มีผื่นสีขาวขึ้นทั่วตัว 3 วันก่อนมา รพ.
ประวัติปัจจุบัน
3 วันก่อน มีไข้ ไอแห้ง ไม่เจ็บคอ ไม่มีนำ้ มูก มารดาสังเกตว่า
ตามตัวมีผื่นเป็นตุ่มเล็กๆขึ้นทั่วลำตัว เป็นผื่นคันไม่มีอาการเจ็บ
ไม่ปวดข้อ
1 วันก่อน ยังมีไข้ ผื่นลักษณะเดิมมีการกระจายไปที่แขนและขา
ให้ประวัติรับประทานยาแก้แพ้/ยาลดไข้ซาร่า/ยาผงสี
เขียวแก้ร้อนใน ก่อนจะมีผื่นขึ้น
ไม่มีคนในบ้านที่มีอาการเหมือนกัน
ประวัติอดีต
• ปฏิเสธโรคประจำตัว
• ปฏิเสธประวัติแพ้ยา/อาหาร
• รับวัคซีนครบตามเกณฑ์
• เรียนอยู่ชั้น ป.3 พัฒนาการสมตามวัย
• คลอดตอนอายุครรภ์ครบกำหนด (จำBWไม่ได้)
ไม่มีความผิดปกติช่วงแรกเกิด
Physical examination
V/S BT 38.0 ◦C , PR 130 bpm , BP 100/78 mmHg , RR 28 /min
BW 42 kg , Ht 148 cm

General Active , not pale , no jaundice , mild dry lips


appearance

Skin Generalized pruritus whitish papular rash with fine white scale ontop
(Skin desquamation)

HEENT Mild injected pharynx and tonsil , no exudate


Diffuse erythematous tiny papular at tongue
No koplik’s spot, No petechiae at soft palate
No circumoral pallor
No conjuctivitis
Physical examination

CVS Pulse full regular, normal S1S2, no murmur

Lung Normal and equal breath sound both lungs

Abdomen Soft, not tender, no hepatosplenomegaly

Joint No arthralgia/arthritis

Neuro E4V5M6, orientate to time/place/person


No stiff neck, no abnormal movement

Lymph Not exam


node
Problem list

1. Acute fever with URI symptoms


for 3 days
2. Generalized whitish papular rash
at trunk and extremities and
Diffuse erythematous tiny papular
at tongue
3. History of paracetamol/CPM
intake
Differential
Diagnosis ?
Differential diagnosis

➢ Scarlet fever
➢ Kawasaki disease
➢ Acute pharyngitis with drug allergy
➢ Rubella
➢ Measles
Investigation
● [Link] blood count

● [Link] function test

● [Link] analysis

● [Link]

● [Link] swab for Gram stain, Culture, Wright’s stain


Investigation

Complete blood count(CBC) Blood chemistry

Hb 11.5 BUN 6.8 Creatinine 0.41

Hct 34.4

Plt 287000 Liver function test

WBC 10790 N 80.4 L 9.3 E 4.2 AST 14 ALT 17 Alkaline phosphatase 115

Total protein 6.8 Albumin 3.4 Globulin 3.4


Investigation

Urine analysis Pus swab Urine culture

RBC 0-1 WBC numerous (Neutrophils) No growth

WBC 10-20 RBC numerous

Epithelial cell neg. Organism not found


Diagnosis

Group A streptococcal infection


Group A Streptococcal infection
Streptococcus pyogenes

Clinical manifestations
- Acute pharyngotonsillitis (most common)

- Purulent complications : otitis media, sinusitis, peritonsillar


or retropharyngeal abscess, and suppurative cervical adenitis

- Nonsuppurative complications : Acute rheumatic fever


and acute glomerulonephritis
Group A Streptococcal infection
Clinical manifestations
- Scarlet fever : confluent erythematous sandpaper-like rash

- Streptococcal skin infections(2nd most common) : pyoderma or impetigo

Followed by acute glomerulonephritis

- Other : erysipelas, cellulitis, vaginitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, endocarditis,


pericarditis etc.
Group A Streptococcal infection
Clinical manifestations
- Invasive GAS infections - bacteremia with or without a local infection ,
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome(STSS) and/or necrotizing fasciitis

- Acute illness characterized by fever, generalized erythroderma,


rapid-onset hypotension, and signs of multiorgan involvement
Group A Streptococcal infection

Acute pharyngotonsillitis

Palatal petechiae Tonsillitis Strawberry tongue


GAS Infectious mononucleosis
Diphtheria
Group A Streptococcal infection

Sandpaper like rash

Impetigo
Group A Streptococcal infection
Epidemiology
Pharyngitis usually results from contact with the respiratory tract secretions.

Most common among school-aged children and adolescents(Peak 7-8 years of age)
but can occurs any ages.

Common during late autumn, winter, spring

Incubation period → 2 to 5 days


Group A Streptococcal infection
Diagnosis tests
Children with pharyngitis and obvious viral symptoms should not be tested or
treated for GAS infection.

Rapid test - Antigen , swab culture

Indication for GAS testing


Factors - patient’s ages, signs and symptoms, season, contact with a person with
GAS infection.
Group A Streptococcal infection
Treatment
Drug of choice - Penicillin V

shortens the clinical course, decrease risk suppurative sequelae and transmission
and prevent ARF when given up to 9 days after illness onset

Oral Amoxicillin as a single daily dose( 50 mg/kg, max 1000-1200 mg) for 10 days

Penicillin allergies - oral Clindamycin ( 30 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses,


max 900 mg/day for 10 days )
Group A Streptococcal infection
Prevention of sequelae
ARF and suppurative sequelae can be prevent by adequate treatment of GAS infection.

Preventing of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis has not been established.

Isolation of the hospitalized patient : Droplets precautions are recommended until 24 hours
after initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Management
การรักษาที่ได้รับจริง
Consult เภสัช เรื่อง R/O AGEP
Antibiotic - Cefazolin (150 mg/kg/day) q 6 hr then switch to
Amoxicillin(500) 2*2 po pc until 10 days
Progression
Progression
Credit
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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