1. The deforestation of rainforests is causing a rise in global temperatures.
: It
2. We need to focus on reducing plastic waste to protect marine life.
: What
3. Scientists have discovered that greenhouse gases are the primary
contributors to global warming.
: It
4. Tourists noticed that many species had disappeared from the area due to
climate change.
: What
5. The government implemented new policies to reduce carbon emissions.
: It
6. Rising sea levels have caused severe flooding in coastal cities.
: What
7. The activists demanded immediate action to address environmental
degradation.
: It
8. The effects of climate change are being felt most acutely in the Arctic
region.
: What
UNIT 3 :
VOCAB :
1. grass /ɡræs/ (n) : cỏ 11. Destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ (v)
grassland /ˈɡræs.lənd/ : phá hủy
(n) : đồng cỏ = Demolish /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/ (v) :
2. desert /ˈdez.ət/ (n) : sa mạc phá dỡ
3. dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ (n) : tráng 12. Temperature /
miệng ˈtɛmpərətʃər/ (n) : nhiệt độ
4. swamp /swɑːmp/ (n) : đầm 13. Safari /səˈfɑːri/ (n) :
lầy chuyến đi săn, đi xem động
5. jungle /ˈdʒʌŋ.ɡəl/ (n) : rừng vật hoang dã
6. pond /pɑːnd/ (n) : cái ao 14. Melt /mɛlt/ (v) : tan
7. lake /leɪk/ (n) : cái hồ chảy
8. system /ˈsɪs.təm/ (n) : hệ 15. Forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ (n) :
thống rừng
ecosystem : hệ sinh thái Deforestation /dɪˌfɒrɪ
9. exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ (v) : tồn tại ˈsteɪʃən/ (n) : sự phá
Co-exist /ˌkoʊ ɪɡˈzɪst/ rừng
(v) : cùng tồn tại 16. Heat up /hiːt ʌp/ (v) :
10. Extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ (a) làm nóng lên
: tuyệt chủng
17. Arctic /ˈɑːrktɪk/ (n) : >< Decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ (v ;
Bắc Cực n) : giảm
Antarctica /ænˈtɑːrk.tɪ.kə/ 28. Species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ (n) :
(n) : Nam cực loài
18. Flood /flʌd/ (n) : lũ 29. Exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ (v) :
lụt khai thác
19. Hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ 30. Over-abuse /ˌoʊvər ə
(n) : bão lớn, cuồng phong ˈbjuːs/ (v ; n) : lạm dụng quá
20. Ice cap /aɪs kæp/ mức
(n) : chỏm băng 31. Degrade /dɪˈɡreɪd/ (v)
21. Heatwave /ˈhiːtweɪv/ : làm suy thoái
(n) : sóng nhiệt 32. Deplete /dɪˈpliːt/ (v) :
22. Landslide / làm cạn kiệt
ˈlændslaɪd/ (n) : sạt lở 33. Tackle /ˈtækəl/ (v) :
23. Seaside /ˈsiːsaɪd/ (n) : giải quyết, đối phó
bờ biển = Cope /koʊp/ (v) + with
24. Terrible = adverse 34. Greenhouse : nhà
25. Wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ kính (hiệu ứng nhà kính)
(n) : động vật hoang dã 35. Fresh /frɛʃ/ (a) : tươi,
26. Drought /draʊt/ (n) : trong lành
hạn hán 36. Pure /pjʊr/ (a) : thuần
27. Increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ (v ; khiết
n) : tăng
The Fragile Balance of Earth's Ecosystem
The Earth’s ecosystem is a finely balanced system where various species exist
in harmony. However, human activities have led to adverse effects, such as
deforestation, which destroys natural habitats. Forests play a critical role in
regulating the temperature of the planet, absorbing carbon dioxide, and
providing homes for numerous species. When forests are demolished,
temperatures increase, leading to the melting of glaciers and ice caps.
The Arctic region is particularly affected by rising temperatures. As the ice caps
melt, sea levels rise, contributing to coastal erosion and floods in seaside
areas. These events are not limited to floods; they also trigger hurricanes and
other severe storms, which are becoming more frequent due to the greenhouse
effect. Furthermore, heatwaves have become more common, causing droughts
that degrade the land, making it unsuitable for farming. In some areas,
prolonged droughts have led to landslides as the dry soil loses stability.
Wildlife is another victim of these environmental changes. Species that thrive in
stable conditions are now struggling to cope with the altered climates and
habitats. For instance, many animals in the forest and seaside areas are losing
their homes due to habitat destruction and climate change. On safaris, tourists
may notice the absence of once-abundant species that have been pushed to
extinction or moved to new regions due to the changing climate.
The increasing exploitation of natural resources has only worsened these
problems. Over-abuse of land, water, and forests has led to the depletion of the
Earth’s reserves of fresh water and pure air. In some areas, unsustainable
farming practices have degraded the soil to the point that it can no longer
support crops. As a result, species are disappearing, and natural habitats are
being permanently altered.
Governments and organizations around the world are striving to tackle these
issues. However, progress is slow. If we are to cope with the challenges of
climate change, we must change our behavior. Measures to combat over-
exploitation, reduce pollution, and conserve wildlife are essential if we hope to
restore the balance of the ecosystem and prevent further degradation.
In summary, the Earth's delicate ecosystem is facing numerous threats. From
melting ice caps and rising sea levels to hurricanes, heatwaves, and the
over-abuse of natural resources, humanity must take immediate action to
protect and preserve the planet for future generations.
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. What is the primary role of forests mentioned in the passage?
A. Providing oxygen for humans
B. Regulating the temperature and absorbing carbon dioxide
C. Offering space for urban development
D. Protecting species from predators
2. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of deforestation mentioned
in the text?
A. Decrease in oxygen production
B. Increased temperatures
C. Melting glaciers and ice caps
D. Habitat loss for species
3. What environmental region is particularly affected by rising temperatures?
A. The desert
B. The Arctic
C. The Amazon rainforest
D. The Mediterranean coast
4. Which natural disasters are mentioned as becoming more frequent due to
the greenhouse effect?
A. Earthquakes and tsunamis
B. Floods and hurricanes
C. Tornadoes and volcanic eruptions
D. Forest fires and dust storms
5. What has the over-abuse of natural resources led to?
A. Increase in biodiversity
B. Fresh water and pure air reserves being depleted
C. More productive agriculture
D. Better preservation of wildlife
True/False Questions:
1. True/False: Deforestation is the primary cause of rising sea levels.
2. True/False: Prolonged droughts can cause landslides.
3. True/False: Human activities have no impact on climate change according
to the passage.
4. True/False: The greenhouse effect is causing more frequent heatwaves,
droughts, and hurricanes.
5. True/False: All governments are making rapid progress in tackling climate
change according to the passage