0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views24 pages

Introduction to Differential Equations

This topic introduces differential equations. It defines differential equations and covers their applications, classifications based on type, order, and linearity, and properties of solutions. Students will understand differential equations and be able to classify them, identify solution types, and recognize their applications in various domains like population growth, cooling, oscillations, and physics.

Uploaded by

LynnHan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views24 pages

Introduction to Differential Equations

This topic introduces differential equations. It defines differential equations and covers their applications, classifications based on type, order, and linearity, and properties of solutions. Students will understand differential equations and be able to classify them, identify solution types, and recognize their applications in various domains like population growth, cooling, oscillations, and physics.

Uploaded by

LynnHan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

QF202 Differential Equations 1 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Learning Objectives:
QF202 Differential Equations

After going through this topic, students will be able to


Learning Objectives

Acquire a good understanding on differential equations.


Applications of differential equations Classifications of differential equations

Solution types of differential equations


Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Definition (Differential Equations)


A differential equation is an equation that defines a relationship between a function and one or more derivatives (ordinary derivatives or partial derivatives) of that function. Quick Review:
QF202 Differential Equations

Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Equations An expression that contains a =, usually having one or more unknowns (values or functions). A real-life problem is usually modeled as an equation with the unknowns which are of interest. The solution to the equation will be the solution to the real-life problem. Functions A rule (or a mapping) that associates an input to an output. Input can be a single value (single-variable functions) or a vector of values (multivariable functions), so is the output. Derivatives The instantaneous rate of change of a function at a level with respect to its inputs. For a single-variable function, we have ordinary derivatives. For multi-variable functions, we have partial derivatives. Repeated operation of differentiations result higher order derivatives and cross partial derivatives.

QF202 Differential Equations 4 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 1: Population Growth Model

(DE02)

(DE01)

QF202 Differential Equations 5 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 2: Newtons Law of Cooling

(DE03)

QF202 Differential Equations 6 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 3: Harmonic Oscillator

(DE06)

(DE05)

(DE04)

QF202 Differential Equations 7 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 4: Affine Term Structure Models of Interest Rates

(DE07)

QF202 Differential Equations 8 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 5: Heat Equation

(DE10)

(DE09)

(DE08)

QF202 Differential Equations 9 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 6: Wave Equation

(DE11)

QF202 Differential Equations 10 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 7: Maxwell Equations

(DE12)

QF202 Differential Equations 11 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 8: Navier-Stokes Equations

(DE13)

QF202 Differential Equations 12 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 9: Schr dinger Equation

(DE15)

(DE14)

QF202 Differential Equations 13 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Application 10: Black-Scholes Equation

(DE16)

14

Classification of Differential Equations (type)


Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) An ODE is a differential equation that does not involve partial derivatives.

QF202 Differential Equations

Partial differential equations (PDEs) A PDE is a differential equation that involves partial derivatives.

Classification of Differential Equations (order)


The order of a differential equation is the highest derivative that appears in the differential equation.

Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

QF202 Differential Equations 15 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Classification of Differential Equations (linearity)

16

So, differential equations DE01 to DE16 are


(DE01) (DE02) (DE03) (DE04) ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE Order:_1_ Order:_1_ Order:_1_ Order:_2_ Order:_2_ Order:_2_ Order:_1_ Order:_2_ Order:_2_ Order:_2_ Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear

QF202 Differential Equations

(DE05) (DE06) (DE07) (DE08) (DE09) (DE10)

(DE11)
(DE12)
Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations
system system

ODE/PDE
ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE ODE/PDE

Order:_2_
Order:_2_ Order:_2_ Order:_2_ Order:_2_ Order:_2_

Linear/Nonlinear
Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear Linear/Nonlinear

(DE13) (DE14) (DE15) (DE16)

17

Lesson Plan (revisited)


ODE
First-order
Analytical

QF202 Differential Equations

Numerical

High-order

PDE
Analytical

Numerical Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

QF202 Differential Equations 18 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Solution of a Differential Equations

QF202 Differential Equations Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

19

Number of Solutions
A differential equation usually possesses an infinite number of solutions.

QF202 Differential Equations 20 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Piecewise-Defined Solution

QF202 Differential Equations 21 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Explicit and Implicit Solutions

QF202 Differential Equations 22 Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

Further Terminology

QF202 Differential Equations

23

This is a one-parameter family of solutions.


Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

This is a singular solution.

24

Summary:
QF202 Differential Equations

In Topic 1, we learned
Applications of differential equations.
Summary

Classification of a differential equation by its type, its order and by

whether it is linear or nonlinear.


Types and properties of solutions of differential equations.

Topic 1 Introduction to Differential Equations

You might also like