Definition Exception Types Handling Requirement Exception Handling Examples Checked Exceptions ‘Checked at compile-time 1OException, ClassNotFoundException, ete. Must be caught or declared using throws keyword Handled using try-catch blocks or throws keyword Program flow is interrupted and transferred to catch block File operations, database operations, etc Unchecked Exceptions Not checked at compile-time NullPointerException, ArrayindexOutOfBoundsException, etc Optional to catch or declare using throws keyword Not required to handle explicitly Program execution is halted with an error message Logical errors, invalid arguments, etc.Bu 9:39 Rae “a £ here is a nice table which shows the main differences between Thread class and Runnable interface in Java: These were some of the notable differences between Thread and Runnable in Java if you know any other differences on Thread vs Runnable than please share them via comments. | personally use Runnable over Thread for this scenario and recommend using the Runnable or Callable interface based on your requirement. () uPU We 1. Arrays are stored in contiguous location. 2. Fixed in size. 3. Memory is allocated at compile time. 4. Uses less memory than linked lists. 5. Elements can be accessed easily. 6. Insertion and deletion operation takes time. LINKED LIS 1, Linked lists are not stored in contiguous location. 2. Dynamic in size. 3. Memory is allocated at run time. 4. Uses more memory because it stores both data and the address of next node. 5. Element accessing requires the traversal of whole linked list. 6. Insertion and deletion operation is faster.Text I/O vs. Binary I/O > Text /O « Text I/O is built upon binary I/O to provide a level of abstraction for character encoding and decoding. « Encoding and decoding are automatically performed for text I/O. « The JVM converts a Unicode to a file-specific encoding when writing a character and converts a file-specific encoding to a Unicode when reading a character. Uz ~~Text I/O vs. Binary I/O (cont.) » Binary I/O « Binary I/O doest not require conversions. « If you write a numeric value to a file using binary I/O, the exact value in the memory is copied into the file. « When you read a byte using binary I/O, one byte value is read from the input. + In general, use text input to read a file created by a text editor or a text output program, and use binary input to read a file created by a Java binary output program. Tm,oops interface vs abstract class Interface Abstract class Interface support multiple inheritance ‘Abstract class does not support multigle inheritance Interface doas’n Contains Data Member Abstract class contains Data Member Interface does'n contains Cunstructors Abstract class contains Cunstructors ‘An interface Contains only incomplete member {signature of member) An abstract class Contains both incomplete (abstract) and complete member An interface cannot have access modifiers by default everything is assumed as public An abstract class can contain access madifiers for the subs, functions, properties Member of interface can not be Static Only Complete Member of abstract class can be StaticImmutable - b Immutability mmmnitable = CORFERE CANOE DE Mutable - content can be changed. changed once created. Synchronization Not synchronized - not thread-safe. Synchronized - thread-safe. Performance Faster when creating a new object. Slower due to synchronization. . . __ Coneatenation can be done within the Concatenation Concatenation creates a new object. same object. Storage Area Scored in the string constant pool. Scored in the heap memory. Offers fewer methods for string Offers additional methods like Methods manipulation, append(), reverse(), insert(), etc. Preferred when string value won't Preferred when string value will be Usage change. modified often. © Java Guides: heeps://[Link]/Pica Ordering Duplicates eng Maintains the order of insertion. Allows duplicate elements. RY Does not guarantee order of elements, Does not allow duplicate elements. Null Elements May allow null elements (depends on the implementation). May allow null elements (depends on the implementation). Main ArrayList, LinkedList, etc. HashSer, LinkedHashSet, TreeSer, etc. Implementations P r 7 Access by Index Provides methods to access elements by No index-based access. an index. Performance eherilly fsterat accessing elements Generally faster at searching, adding, by index. and deleting elements. ‘When order and duplicate values are When a collection of unique elements Use Case needed. is needed. © Java Guides: heeps://www [Link]/