Chapter 11 Time and Motion
C. Short answer questions.
[Link] the relationship between motion and time.
Ans- For a long time, human beings used various indirect methods to measure
time. We need the information of time for every task that is performed in the day.
It takes time to travel some distance. For example, how much time do you take to
reach your school? At what time does the Sun rise or set? How much time will it
take to reach the USA from Delhi?
Every object takes a certain time to change its position. Thus, motion and time
are related to each other.
2. How many times does the Bob of an oscillating simple pendulum pass the
mean position after five complete oscillations?
Ans-Five.
3. What is a simple pendulum?
Ans-A pendulum is the simplest device that can be used to measure time based
on periodic motion. An ideal simple pendulum consists of a point mass m
suspended from a string or rod of negligible mass and length L fixed at a point.
[Link] do you mean by time period?
Ans- Time period is the time taken by an oscillating body to complete one
oscillation.
5. Define speed. How does it help us to categories motions as slow and fast?
Ans-The speed of a body is the distance that the moving body covers in a unit time. The actual
distance covered, divided by the time taken gives us the speed of the body. Depending upon
the time taken to cover a given distance, we can classify the motion of different bodies as fast
or slow. A body which covers a given distance in less time is said to move faster and the one
which takes a longer time is said to move slower. A body that covers more distance in a given
interval of time is said to move faster than the one that covers less distance in the same interval
of time.
6. Draw a time versus distance graph for the data given below and calculate the speed.
Let us calculate the speed for the region A to D. From D drop a straight line onto the
time axis and one more line onto the distance axis.
The value of X-axis= 30 minutes
The value of the Y-axis = 3 km
Thus,
Speed = 3 km/30 minutes = 0.1 km/minute.
Or Speed = 3000 metre /1800 seconds = 1.666 m/s
7. What is a graph ? What does it help us to categorise motions as slow and fast?
Ans-A graph is a simple line diagram showing the dependence between any two variables,
each measured along one of the pair of axes at right angles. We can have a better idea
about the motion of a body if we show the data graphically. A graph has two axes—
one horizontal axis, called the X-axis, and one perpendicular axis, called the Y-axis.
The scale of the graph is marked on the axes of the graph. It gives the measure of the
number of units of the variables plotted on the graph.
8. How do we measure the speed of a car?
Ans-Vehicles like cars, have a speed indicating device called a speedometer. It shows the
speed of the vehicle in km/hr unit. Inside the speedometer, there is a meter called
odometer. The odometer measures the distance travelled by the vehicle in kilometres.
D. Long answer questions.
1. Explain how the knowledge of timekeeping in form of days , months and years helps in keeping
the records of events.
Ans-In course of time, human beings defined days, weeks, months and years to record time during and
beyond a lifetime. These are called time periods. Keeping a record of time during a day helps us to
perform various activities at well-defined times. A few Examples are given below.
1. We need a record of time to perform various activities on time, like getting up on time in the
morning and going to work.
2. In school, you have a timetable and classes are held at fixed time according to this timetable.
3. TV programmes are broadcast at a pre-defined scheduled time.
4. Records of different months and years help in keeping a track of seasons, planetary activities
etc.
2. Describe a method to make simple pendulum.
Ans- A simple pendulum is just a metallic spherical ball suspended from a thread. The metallic ball is also
called the bob of the pendulum. The distance between the point of suspension P and the centre of the
bob is called the length L of the pendulum.
3. ‘A repetitive motion is a must to measure time.’ Explain the statement with an example.
Ans-Periodic motion is a motion that repeats itself after certain Intervals of time. In clocks, periodic
motion is used to measure time. An event that occurs at regular intervals of time is called periodic. In
wristwatches, circular metallic plates are made to move repeatedly to produce periodic motion by
mechanical winding.
4. Explain the following terms associated with a simple pendulum:
A. Mean position: The initial position at rest of the pendulum is known as its mean position. If the
pendulum is displaced by a small angle θ and then released, the pendulum swings back and forth with
periodic motion about its mean position.
B. One complete oscillation: A simple pendulum displaced from its mean position oscillates about its
mean position. Its one to and fro complete movement about its mean position via path A to B, B to A, A
to C and C to A is called one complete oscillation.
C. Amplitude: Amplitude of oscillation is the maximum displacement of a pendulum on either side of its
mean position. In the diagram of the oscillating pendulum, distance AB or AC denotes the amplitude of
the simple pendulum.
5. Riju’s house is 1.5 km from Abdul’s house. Riju’s house is 0.8 km from Neha’s house. Riju takes
15 minutes to reach Abdul’s house , and Abdul takes 10 minutes to reach Neha’s house. Who
walks faster- Riju or Abdul?
Ans- Distance between Riju’s house and Abdul’s house = 1.5 km
Distance between Riju’s house and Neha’s house = 0.8 km
Distance between Abdul’s house and Neha’s house = 2.3 km
Time taken by Riju to reach Abdul’s house = 15 minutes
Time taken by Abdul to reach Neha’s house = 10 minutes
Speed with which Riju is travelling = 1.5 km/15 minutes = 0.1 km/minute
Speed with which Abdul is travelling = 2.3 km/10 minutes = 0.23 km/minute
So Abdul is travelling faster.
6. How will you distinguish between uniform and non -uniform motion using a distance -time line
graph?
Ans- The distance-time graph of an object executing uniform motion is a straight line passing through
the origin. On the other hand, if the distance-time graph is a curved line it means that the motion of a
body is non-uniform.
Let’s Think (Page 145)
1. How is the speed of a vehicle dependent upon distance and time? Give examples.
Ans- The motion of a body with respect to another body depends upon these two things:
a. The distance covered by the bodies
b. The time taken to cover the distance
A body, which covers a given distance in less time, is said to move faster and the one, Which takes a
longer time, is said to move slower. A body that covers more distance in A given interval of time is said
to move faster than the one that covers less distance in the same interval of time.
2. What is the use of quartz crystals in watches and clocks?
Ans- Quartz crystals maintain a precise standard time period frequency (oscillations), which helps to
regulate the movement of a watch or clock, thus making the timepieces very accurate.