Rutherford’s atomic model 1. After the discovery of the electron, Thomson proposed the ‘plum-pudding’ model of the atom, Which of the following statements gives the main feature of the model? A Electrons and protons stay together to form an uncharged atom, Electrons are embedded in a cloud of protons to form an uncharged atom. Electrons are embedded in a cloud of positive charge to form an uncharged atom. A doud of electrons mixes with a cloud of positive charge to form an uncharged atom. 014 fot a stream ofa patticies Geiger and Marsden did the gold foil scattering, experiment under the direction of Rutherford. In the experiment, a stream of « particles was directed onto a gold foil, and the deflection of the o: particles was being investigated. Which of the following statements is/are result(s) of the experiment? (1) (2) All the @: particles passed through the gold foil undeflected. Some a particles were deflected by the gold foil. (3) No particle was deflected through angle more than 90° by the gold foil. A. (only B. Q2)only C. (I)and (3) only D. (2)and (3) only In order to explain the results of the gold foil scattering experiment, Rutherford suggested that in an atom (1) the electrons are concentrated in a very small volume, while the positive charges occupy a much bigger volume (2). the positive charges are concentrated in a very small volume, while the electrons occupy a much bigger volume. (3) there is a nucleus containing protons carrying positive charge. (only 2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only popP> Based on the results of the gold foil scattering, experiment, Rutherford put forward an atomic model. Which of the following statements is not a feature of the model? A. The positive charges of an atom concentrate in a very small volume called nucleus, 62*6. B. The electrons orbit around the nucleus and occupy most of the volume of an atom. C._ The orbits of the electrons can only have particular radii D. The electric forces between the electrons and the nucleus provide the centripetal forces for orbiting Which of the following is/are what Rutherford suggested in his atomic model? (1) Anatom contains protons, neutrons and electrons (2) The positive charge of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus which is much smaller than the atom. (3) The elecrrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits of specific energies. (1) only 2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only oO pose In a gold foil scattering experiment, an a particle is observed to be deflected by 180° (je. deflected in the opposite direction). The particle is emitted from a radioactive source. It has a speed of 1.6 x 10’ m s"', What is the maximum radius of the nucleus of a gold atom so that the deflection mentioned above is possible? (Mass of an 0: particle= 6.7 x 10” kg, charge of an o: particle = 2 x 1.6 x 10 C, charge of a gold nucleus = 79 x 1.6 x 10°C, 1 Le 7-9 10°N mC) ane, A. 3.9x10%m B. 7.5 10'm C 91x 10%m D. 42x10"%m a atheros atomic model +7, In Rutherford’s model, a hydrogen atom is made up of an electron orbiting a nucleus. A hydrogen atom has a radius of 5.29 x 10 ‘m, According to the classical electromagnetic radiation theory, the electromagnetic wave emitted from a hydrogen atom at this radius would have a frequency of (Lsoxt0'N mc, ‘ane, mass of an electron = 9.11 x 10" kg, charge of an electron = =1.6 x 10" C) A. 159% 10" He B. 4.5710" Hz C245 x 10" He D. 658 x 10" Hz Question 8-11 According to Rutherford’s model, a hydrogen atom is made up of an electron moving around a nucleus under the electric force between the electron and the nucleus. Let m, be the mass of an electron, ¢ be the magnitude of the charge of an electron and rbe the radius of the orbit “8. According to the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which of the following formulae correctly gives the frequency of the electromagnetic wave that would be emitted from a hydrogen atom? AUnie +9, *10. “iL 64 According to the classical theory of electro- magnetic radiation, which of the following frequencies could exist in the electromagnetic waves emitted from a hydrogen atom? (1) 15910" Hz (2) 487x 10" Hz (3) 6.58% 10" Hz A. (Ionly B. (2)only Cc. @)only D. lll of them and also a continuous range of other values. Which of the following formulae correctly give the total kinetic energy and electric potential energy of the electron of a hydrogen atom? According to the classical theory of electro- magnetic radiation, which of the following phenomena would happen? A. The total kinetic energy and electric potential energy of the electron of a hydrogen atom would decrease and the radius of the orbit of the electron would decrease until the electron crashes into the nucleus. B. The total kinetic energy and electric potential energy of the electron of a hydrogen atom would decrease and the radius of the orbit of the electron would increase until the electron escapes from the nucleus. 12, #13, C. The total kinetic energy and electric potential energy of the electron of a hydrogen atom would increase and the radius of the orbit of the electron would decrease until the electron crashes into the nucleus. D. The total kinetic energy and electric potential energy of the electron of a hydrogen atom would increase and the radius of the orbie of the electron would increase until the electron escapes from the nucleus, According to Rutherford’s atomic model and the classical electromagnetic radiation theory, what would happen to an atom? (1) An atom would emit electromagnetic waves of particular frequencies. 2) Anatom would not be able to remain in a stable seate. The electrons of an atom would spiral into the nucleus. (1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only poe Pe From the viewpoint of classical electromagnetic radiation theory, which of the following are the limitations of the Rutherford’s atomic model? (1) An atom would lose energy continuously by emitting electromagnetic radiation. (2) Anatom would have continuous emission spectrum instead of discrete emission spectrum. The electrons of an atom would spiral into the nucleus and the atom would collapse eventually. (Wand (2) only ()and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), 2) and (3) p> pe#14, ‘The Rutherford’s atomic model needed to be improved so that it could explain (1) why a gold atom could deflect an & particle. (2) why an atom could exist in a stable state without emitting electromagnetic wave. (3) why the electromagnetic waves emitted by an atom have particular frequencies only. A. (Ionly B. (2)only C. (I)and @) only D. (2)and (3) only Questions 15 and 16 Scattering experiments (experiments in which target particles (e.g. atoms or other particles to be investigated) are bombarded by missile particles (eg. 0: particles, electroi ..)) help scientists to find new particles and to understand the fundamental constituents of matter, #15, #16, “17, Which of the following nuclear reactions represents a scattering experiment leading to the discovery of proton? A. UNG tHe 3 Y0+'H B. jit |H— 3He+ jHe C. 'Be+ {He 8C+ In D, JAl+ jHe> 2P+ jn Which of the following nuclear reactions represents a scattering experiment leading to the discovery of neutron? A. 'N« tHe Yo+!H BL Wit iH SHe+ He C. Be+ tHe C+ In D. ZAL+ tHe P+ in Which of the following statements correctly give the features of the nuclear reactions brought about by low energy scattering “18, Rutherford’ amie model experiments? (In low energy scattering experiment, the missile particles have not been accelerated to very high speed by a particle accelerator before bombarding the target particles. The missile particles mostly come from radioisotopes.) (1) The toral number of nucleons is conserved. (2). The nucleons of the nuclei taking part in the reaction recombine to form new nuclei }) Artificial radioisotopes may be produced, (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2)and (3) only (2), (2) and (3) pars | Nuclear reactions brought about by high energy scattering experiments (In high energy scattering experiment, the missile particles have been accelerated to very high speed by a particle accelerator before bombarding the target particles.) have led to (1). the discovery of new sub-atomic particles other than the nucleons. (2). the discovery of the constituents of the nucleons. (3) the deeper understanding of the nuclear force. (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (W), 2) and (3) poRP