Existing Site
▪ Size: 100’-0” x 20’-0”
▪ Ceiling height: 15’-0”
▪ Required Illumination: 100 fc
▪ Work surface is: 3’-0” a.f.f.
▪ Dirt Conditions:
Medium
24 month cleaning cycle
▪ Ex. Ceiling reflectance: 80%
▪ Ex. Wall reflectance: 50%
▪ Ex. Floor reflectance: 10%
▪ *Fixtures to be suspended 2’-0”
from ceiling.
Lamp Proposal (Direct lighting)
Specification Data Sheet
LUMINAIRE (LIGHT
FIXTURE)
LAMP (LIGHT
BULB)
PROJECT ID & LUMINAIRE &
Lumen Method Worksheet LAMP DATA
COEFFICIENT OF
UTILIZATION
LIGHT LOSS FACTORS
AMOUNT OF LUMINAIRES &
ILLUMINANCE
Lighting Tables
CAVITY RATIO (TABLE 1)
EFFECTIVE CAVITY
REFLECTANCE (TABLE 2) C U, MAINTENANCE
CAT. & S/MH RATIOS
Table 3)
MULTIPLYING FACTORS FOR
EFFECTIVE FLOOR CAVITY
REFLECTANCE (OTHER THAN
20%)
LLD (TABLE 5)
(TABLE 4)
LLD (TABLE 6)
RSDD (TABLE 7)
Fill in what your given…
MACHINE SHOP
100 fc
GENERAL ELECTRIC GE MV 400
16 1
34000
LUMINAIRE (LIGHT FIXTURE) LAMP (LIGHT BULB)
Focus only on this part… for now!
100’ LENGTH X 20’ WIDTH 80
50 2’
50 10’
50 10 3’
Coefficient of Utilization (CU)
• The percentage of light generated that will arrive at a work surface.
• Light generated will lose through several factors:
• Absorbed into fixture (luminaire)
• Room size
• Surface reflectance
Room Cavity Ratio
• A ratio of room dimensions used to quantify how light will interact
with room surfaces. A factor used in illuminance calculations.
CAVITY HEIGHT LENGTH + WIDTH OF REFLECTIVE SURFACE
FIVE REFLECTIVE SURFACES
5 𝑥 ℎ∗𝑐 𝑥 𝐿 + 𝑊
=
(𝐿 𝑥 𝑊)
AREA OF REFLECTIVE SURFACE
Room Cavity Ratio
• Each room has three cavities:
• Ceiling Cavity (CCR) – u/s of ceiling to u/s of luminaire
• Room Cavity (RCR) – u/s of luminaire to t/o work surface
• Floor Cavity (FCR) – t/o work surface to t/o finished floor
Room Cavity Ratio
5 𝑥 ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝑥 𝐿+𝑊
• Ceiling Cavity 𝐶𝐶𝑅 = (𝐿 𝑥 𝑊)
5 𝑥 ℎ𝑟𝑐 𝑥 𝐿+𝑊
• Room Cavity 𝑅𝐶𝑅 =
(𝐿 𝑥 𝑊)
5 𝑥 ℎ𝑓𝑐 𝑥 𝐿+𝑊
• Floor Cavity 𝐹𝐶𝑅 = (𝐿 𝑥 𝑊)
Calculating CU
• Information you need:
• Length and Width of room
• Room Cavity Ratio (𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝐶𝑅)
• Effective Ceiling & Floor cavity reflectance
Ceiling Cavity Ratio
5 𝑥 ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝑥 𝐿+𝑊
• 𝐶𝐶𝑅 = (𝐿 𝑥 𝑊)
5 𝑥 2 𝑥 100+20
• 𝐶𝐶𝑅 = (100 𝑥 20)
• = .6
• Room and Floor Cavity Ratio will follow a similar process.
Cavity Reflectance
• Cavity Reflectance- The measure of visible and usable light that is
reflected from a surface when illuminated.
• Measuring scale is from 0% (black, absorbing all light) to 100% (pure
white, reflecting all light)
Effective Cavity Reflectance
• Information you need:
• Base reflectance (given)
• Wall reflectance (given)
• Cavity Ratio
Effective Cavity Reflectance
• Information you need:
• Base reflectance (given)
• Wall reflectance (given)
• Cavity Ratio
• Floor Cavity Reflectance will follow a similar process.
Existing Site Data
▪ Size: 100’-0” x 20’-0”
▪ Ceiling height: 15’-0”
▪ Required Illumination: 100 fc
▪ Work surface is: 3’-0” a.f.f.
▪ Dirt Conditions: Medium 24
month cleaning cycle
▪ Ex. Ceiling reflectance: 80%
▪ Ex. Wall reflectance: 50%
▪ Ex. Floor reflectance: 10%
▪ *Fixtures to be suspended 2’-0”
from ceiling.
Coefficient of Utilization Equation
• 𝐶𝑈 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑈 𝑥 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
• 𝐶𝑈 = 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 3 𝑥 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 4)
CU First No. of Equation (Initial)
• First number needs: (Table 3)
• Effective Ceiling Cavity
reflectance
• Wall reflectance (given)
• Room Cavity Ratio
• Luminaire type
CU Second No. of Equation (Factor)
• Second number needs: (Table 4)
• Effective Ceiling Cavity reflectance
• Wall reflectance (given)
• Room Cavity Ratio
• Effective Floor Cavity reflectance
(other than 20%)
Coefficient of Utilization (CU)
• 𝐶𝑈 = 0.68 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑈 𝑥 0.957(𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)
• 𝐶𝑈 = 0.65
Fill in the Blanks…
100’ LENGTH X 20’ WIDTH 80
0.6 50 2’
3
50 10’
0.9
0.71
0.12
50 10 3’
0.68 X 0.96 = 0.65
Now, focus on this area…
(LDD)
34000
Non recoverable Table 5
• Losses not practical or economical to
compensate
• Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LDD)
• And initial lumens (manufacturers
data)
• Or maintained lumens (manufacturers
data)
• Mean* - Average illumination
• Min.** - Minimum illumination
Recoverable
• Losses that happen over time and with maintenance can be delayed
and/or compensated
• Lamp Dirt Depreciation (LDD)- dirt accumulation on the luminaire
• Room Surface Dirt Depreciation (RSDD)- dirt accumulation on room
surface affecting reflectivity
Recoverable (LDD) Table 3
• Lamp Dirt Depreciation (LDD)
requires: Maintenance Category
• Months between cleaning
• Cleaning type (Very clean, clean,
Medium, Dirty, Very Dirty)
• Luminaire Maintenance Category
Recoverable (LDD) Table 6
Recoverable (RSDD) Table 7
• Room Surface Dirt Depreciation (RSDD) requires:
• Luminaire Distribution type (Direct for this example)
• Excepted Dirt Depreciation (Table 7)
• Room Cavity Ratio (RCR)
Recoverable (RSDD) Table 7
23
23
0.94
Light Loss Factors
• LLF = 𝐿𝐿𝐷 𝑥 𝐿𝐷𝐷 𝑥 𝑅𝑆𝐷𝐷 𝑥 (𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟)
• LLF = 0.75 𝑥 0.8 𝑥 0.94
• LLF = 0.56
• ′𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟’ would be for Ballast Factor
Fill in the Blanks…
0.75 (LDD) 0.8
34000 0.94
0.75 X 0.8 X 0.94 = 0.56
Finally, the home stretch…
E
Calculations (Luminaires Required)
𝐸𝑥𝐴
•𝑁 = (𝑛 𝑥 𝐿𝐿 𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝐹 𝑥 𝐶𝑈)
100 𝑥 2000
•𝑁 = (1 𝑥 34000 𝑥 0.56 𝑥 0.65)
• 𝑁 = 16.16
• 16 Luminaires are required
Calculations (Checking)
(𝑁 𝑥 𝑛 𝑥 𝐿𝐿 𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝐹 𝑥 𝐶𝑈)
•𝐸 = 𝐴
(16 𝑥 1 𝑥 34000 𝑥 0.56 𝑥 0.65)
•𝐸 = 2000
• 𝐸 = 99.00𝑓𝑐
• 100 foot candles as required
Fill in the blanks…
16.16 = 16 luminaires
E 99.00 fc
Calculate the CU
• Given the following, calculate the coefficient of utilization:
• RCR = 4
• Given CU = 62
• Effective Ceiling Cavity Reflectance = 32%
• Effective Floor Cavity Reflectance = 0%
• Wall Reflectance = 46%
Calculate the CU
• 0.62 (given CU) X 0.97 (Table 4) = 0.60 (2 decimal places)
• RCR = 4 (needed for Table 4)
• Given CU = 62
• Effective Ceiling Cavity Reflectance = 32% (needed for Table 4)
• Effective Floor Cavity Reflectance = 0% (needed for Table 4)
• Wall Reflectance = 46% (needed for Table 4)