Chapter 19 Coordinate geometry

Exercise 19.1

1. find the co – ordinates of points whose

(i) abscissa is 3 and ordinate – 4 .
3
(ii) abscissa is − and ordinate 5 .
2
2 1
(iii) whose abscissa is −1 and ordinates is −2
3 4
(iv) whose ordinate is 5 and abscissa is -2
(v) whose abscissa is -2 and lies on x – axis.
3
(vi) whose ordinate is and lies on y – axis .
2
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Solution
C N
PY
O C D

Abscissa is the x – coordinate and ordinate is the y – coordinate of

O IO
D U AA

a point .
O
ED PR

(i) the coordinate of the point whose abscissa is 3 and ordinate is -

T

4 is (3, -4).
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3
(ii) the coordinate of the point whose abscissa is − and ordinate
2
3
is 5 is (− )
2,5

(iii) the coordinate of the point whose

2 1 2 1
Abscissa is -1 and ordinates is -2 is (-1 , -2 ).
3 4 3 4

(iv) the coordinate of the point whose ordinate is 5 and abscissa is

-2 is (-2,5).

(v) the coordinate of the point whose abscissa is -2 and lies on x-

axis is(-2,0)
If a point lies on x – axis , its y – coordinate is zero .
3
(vi) the coordinate of the point whose ordinate is and lies on y-
2
0,3
axis is ( )
2
If a point lies on y – axis, its x – coordinate is zero .

2. in which quadrant or on which axis each of the following

points lie ?

(-3, 5), (4-1)(2,0),(2,2),(-3,-6)

N AT IS
Solution
In first quadrant , both x and y coordinate are positive.
C N
PY
O C D

In second quadrant, x – coordinate is negative and y – coordinate

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D U AA

is positive. O
In third quadrant , x – coordinate is negative and y – coordinate is
ED PR

negative .
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In fourth quadrant , x – coordinate is positive and y – coordinate is

negative.
(-3,5) lies in second quadrant .
(4,-1) lies in forth quadrant.
(2,0) lies on x – axis. Here y – coordinate is zero .
(2,2) lies in first quadrant.
(-3,-6) lies in third quadrant.
3. which of the following points lie on
(i) x – axis ? (ii) y – axis?
A (0,2) , B (5,6) , c(23,0) , D (0,23), E(0,-4), F(-6,0) , G(√𝟑, 𝟎)

Solution
Given points are A(0,2) , B(5,6), c(23,0) , D (0,23), E(0,-4), F(-
6,0) , G(√3, 0)

(i) if y – coordinate of a point is zero then the point lies on x –

axis .
So C(23,0), F(-6,0) and G(√3, 0) lies x – axis.
N AT IS
(ii) if x – coordinate of a point is zero , then the point lies on y-
C N
axis so A (0,2) , , D (0,23) and E(0,-4) lies y – axis.

PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

4. plot the following points on the same graph paper:

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A(3,4), B(-3,1) ,C(1,-2),D(-2,-3),E(0,5), F(5,0), G(0,-3), H(-3,0).

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Solution
Given points are A(3,4), B(-3,1) ,C(1,-2),D(-2,-3),E(0,5), F(5,0),
G(0,-3), H(-3,0).

The points are plotted in the graph below .

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

5. write the co-ordinates of the points A,B,C,D,E,F, G and H

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shown in the adjacent figure.

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Solution

The coordinate of point A is (2,2).

The coordinate of point B is( -3,0).
The coordinate of point C is(-2,-4)
The coordinate of point D is(3,1)
The coordinate of point E is (-4,4)
The coordinate of point F is (0,-2).
The coordinate of point G is(2, -3)
The coordinate of point H is (0,3)

6. in which quadrants are the points A,B,C and D of the

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problem 3 located ?
C N
PY
O C D

Solution
O IO
D U AA

For the point A(2,2) both x and y coordinate are positive . so it

O
lies in the first quadrant.
ED PR

For the point B(-3,0) , y coordinate is zero . so it lies on x-axis.

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©

For the point C(-2,-4) both x and y coordinates are negative. So it

lies in the third quadrant.

For the point D(3,-1) ,x coordinate is positive and y coordinate is

negative . so it lies in the fourth quadrant.
7. plot the following points on the same graph paper :
𝟐,𝟓 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏
A( ) , B (− ), C( , − ) and D (− , − )
𝟐 𝟐,𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

Solution
2,5 3 1 3 5 1
Given points are A( ) , B (− ), C( , − ) and D (− , − )
2 2,3 2 2 2 2
The points are plotted in the graph below .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

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8. plot the following points on the same graph paper.

𝟒 𝟕 𝟓 𝟏𝟑 𝟓 𝟓
A( , −𝟏) , B( , ) , C ( ) , D (− , − )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟔,𝟎 𝟑 𝟐

Solution
4 7 5 13 5 5
Given points are A( , −1) , B( , ) , C ( ) , D (− , − )
3 2 3 6,0 3 2
The points are plotted in the graph below .
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

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9 . plot the following points and check whether they are

collinear or not :
(i) (1,3),(-1,-1) and (-2,-3)
(ii) (1,2),(2,-1) and (-1,4)
𝟐
(iii) (0,1) , (2,-2) and ( , 𝟎)
𝟑

Solution :
(i) (1,3),(-1,-1) and (-2,-3)
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
The given points lie on a line . so they are collinear.
ED PR

(ii) (1,2), (2,-1) and (-1,4)

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©
The given points do not lie on a line. So they are not collinear.

𝟐
(iii) (0,1),(2,-2) and ( , 𝟎)
𝟑

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

The given points lie on a line . so they are collinear .

10. plot the point p(-3,4). Draw PM and PN perpendiculars to

x-axis and y – axis respectively . state the co – ordinates of the
points M and N .

Solution :
Given point is p(-3,4)
The point is plotted in the graph below.
PM and PN is drawn perpendicular to x – axis and y – axis
respectively .
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
Coordinates of point M are (-3,0)
D U AA

O
Coordinates of point N are (0,4)
ED PR

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11. plot the points A(1,2) , B(-4,2), c(-4,-1) and D(1,-1) . what
kind of quadrilateral is ABCD ? also find the area of the
quadrilateral ABCD .

Solution
Given points are A(1,2) , B(-4,2), c(-4,-1) and D(1,-1)
The points are plotted in the graph below.
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

ABCD is a rectangle
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Area of rectangle ABCD = length × breadth

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= AB × AD
= (1-(-4))×(2-(-1))
= 5×3
= 15 sq. Units.
12. plot the points (0,2),(3,0), (0,-2) and (-3,0) on a graph
paper. Join these points (in order) . name the figure so
obtained and find the area of the figure obtained.

Solution:
Given points are (0,2),(3,0),(0,-2) and(-3,0) .
The points are plotted in the graph below .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

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The quadrilateral obtained is a rhombus .

BD and AC are the diagonals of the rhombus.
1
Area of a rhombus = × 𝑑1 × 𝑑2
2
Where d1 and d2 are the length of diagonals.
AC = 4 units { from graph}
BD = 6 units {from graph}
1
Area of rhombus ABCD = × 𝑏𝑑 × 𝑎𝑐
2
1
= ×6×4
2
= 12 sq. Units
Hence the area is 12 sq. Units .

13. three vertices of a square are A(2,3), B (-3,3) and C(-3,-2).

Plot these points on a graph paper and hence use it to find the
co- ordinates of the fourth vertex. Also find the area of the
square.

Solution
Given points are A(2,3) , B(-3,3) and C(-3,-2).
The points are plotted on the graph below.
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

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From the graph the coordinates of point D are (2,-2) .

Here AB = 5 units [ from graph]
Area of the square = side × side
Area of the square ABCD = AB× AB
=5×5
= 25 sq. Units .
Hence the area of the square is 25 sq. Units.
14. write the co – ordinates of the vertices of a rectangle
which is 6 unit long and 4 units wide if the rectangle is in the
first quadrant, its longer side lies on the x – axis and one
vertex is at the origin .

Solution
The rectangle which is 6 units long and 4 units wide is shown in
the graph .
Rectangle is in the first quadrant.
Longer sides lies on x – axis and one vertex is at origin .
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

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Coordinates of the rectangle are A(0,0), B(6,0) ,C(6,4) and D(0,4)

15 . repeat problem 12 assuming that the rectangle is in the
third quadrant with all other conditions remaining the same .

Solution
The rectangle which is 6 units long and 4 units wide is shown in
the graph .
Rectangle is in the third quadrant .
Longer side lies on x – axis and one vertex is at origin .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
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Coordinates of the rectangle are A(0,0) , B(-6,-4) , C(-6,-4) and

D(0,-4)
16. the adjoining figure shows an equilateral triangle OAB
with each side = 2a units. Find the coordinates of the vertices.

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
Solution
ED PR

Given equilateral triangle OAB

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OA = OB = AB = 2a units
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Draw AD OB .
AD = √(𝐴𝑂 2 − 𝐷𝑂 2 )

= √((2𝑎 )2 − 𝑎 2 )

= √(4𝑎2 − 𝑎2 )

= √3𝑎2

= √3𝑎

Co – ordinates of o are (0,0).

N AT IS
Co – ordinates of A are (a, √3𝑎)
C N
PY
O C D

Co – ordinates of B are (21.0) .

O IO
D U AA

O
17 . In the given figure, PQR is equilateral. If the coordinates
ED PR

of the points Q and R are (0,2) and (0,-2) respectively, find the
coordinates of the points P.
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Solution

Given PQR is an equilateral triangle in which Q(0,2) and R(0,-2).

Let (x,0) be the coordinates of P [ ∴ p lies on x axis . so y –
coordinate is zero].

PQ = PR = QR = 2+2 = 4
OQ = 2[ from figure]
In POQ,
PQ2 = OP2 + OQ2 [Pythagoras theorem]
42 = op2 + 22
OP2 = 42-22
OP2 =16 – 4
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OP2 = 12
C N
PY
O C D

OP = √4 × 3 = 2√3
O IO
D U AA

O
Hence the coordinates of P are (2√3 ,0).
ED PR

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 Exercise 19.2

1. draw the graphs of the following linear equations:

(i) 2x+y+3=0
(ii)x – 5y – 4 = 0

Solution
(i) 2x+y+ 3 = 0
Y = -2 × -3
Substitute some values for x and find y.
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When x = -1
C N
PY
O C D

Y = -2×-1 -3 = 2 -3 = -1
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D U AA

When x = 0 O
Y= -2 × 1 -3 = -2 -3 = -5
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x -1 0 1
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y -1 -3 -5
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Plot the graph using the values (-1,-1) ,(0,-3) and (1,-5) as shown
below.
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
(ii) x – 5y – 4 = 0
ED PR

X = 5y + 4
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When y = - 2
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x = 5 × 2 +4 = -10 +4 = -6
when y = -1
x = 5× -1 + 4 = - 5 + 4 = - 1
when y = 0,
x = 5×0 + 4 = 0 + 4 = 4

x -6 -1 4
y -2 -1 0

Plot the graph using the values (-6,-2) , (-1,-1) and (4,0) as shown
below.
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
2 . draw the graph of 3y = 12 – 2x . take 2cm = 1 unit on both
D U AA

axes.
O
ED PR

Solution
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3y = 12 – 2x
©

12−2𝑥
Y=
3
When x = 0,
12−2×0 12
Y= = =4
3 3
When x = 3
12−2×3 6
Y= = =2
3 3
When x = 6
12−2×6
Y= =0
3

x 0 3 6
y 4 2 0
Plot the graph using the values (0,4) ,(3,2) and (6,0) as shown
below .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

3. draw the graph of 5x + 6y – 30 = 0 and use it to find the

area of the triangle formed by the line and the co – ordinate
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axes.
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Solution
5x + 6y – 30 = 0
5x = 30 -6y
30−6𝑦
X=
5
When y = 0
30−6×0 30
X= = =6
5 5
When y = 5
30−6×5
X= =0
5
When y = 10
30−6×10 30
X= = − = −6
5 5
x 6 0 -6
y 0 5 10
Plot the graph using the value (6,0),(0,5) and (-6,10) as shown
below.

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

1
Area of the triangle formed by line and coordinate axes = OA ×
2
OB
1
= ×6×5
2
30
=
2
= 15 sq. Units
Hence area of the triangle is 15 sq. Units.
4. draw the graph of 4x – 3y + 12 = 0 and use it to find the area
of the triangle formed by the line and the co-ordinate axes.
Take 2cm = 1 unit on both axes.

Solution
4x – 3y + 12 = 0
4x = 3y – 12
3𝑦−12
X=
4
When y = 0
3×0−12 12
X= = − = −3
4 4

When y = 2 ,
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3×2−12 6
X= = − = 1.5
C N
PY
O C D

4 4
O IO
When y = 4 ,
D U AA

3 × 4 – 12
X=
O
= 0
4
ED PR

x -3 -1.5 0
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y 0 2 4
©

Plot the graph using the values(-3,0), (-1.5 ,2) and (0,4) as shown
below.
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

1
Area of the triangle formed by line and coordinate axes = |𝑂𝐴| ×
O IO
2
D U AA

|𝑂𝐵|
O
ED PR

1
= ×3×4
2
T

12
©

=
2
= 6 sq. Units
Hence area of the triangle is 6 sq . units

5. draw the graph of the equation y = 3x – 4 . find graphically.

(i) the value of y when x = -1

(ii) the value of x when y = 5 .

Solution :
Y = 3× - 4
When x = 0 ,
Y = 3 × 0 − 4 = 0 − 4 = −4
 When x = 1
Y = 3 × 1 − 4 = 3 − 4 = −1
When x = 2,
Y=3×2−4 = 6−4= 2
x 0 1 2
y -4 -1 2
Plot the graph using the values (0, -4),(1,-1) and (2,2) as shown
below.

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

(i) x = - 1 :
Draw a line parallel to y axis from x = -1 . it meets the graph at y
= -7
So when x = - 1, the value of y is – 7

(ii) y = 5
Draw a line parallel to x axis from y = 5 . it meets the graph at x =
3.
So when y = 5 , the value of x is 3.

6. the graph of a linear equation in x and y passes through

(4,0) and (0,3). Find the value of k if the graph passes through
(A,1.5)

Solution :
Plot the points (4,0) and ( 0,3) on a graph
Point them .
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

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ED PR

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mark A(k , 1.5)

form the graph it is clear that the value of k is 2.

7. use the table given alongside to draw the graph of a straight
line find , graphically the value of a and b.

x 1 2 3 a
y -2 b 4 -5

Solution
Plot the points (1,-2) , (2,b),(3,4) and (a, -5) on the graph .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

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ED PR

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From the graph , it is clear that value of a is 0 and b is 1.

Hence a = 0 and b = 1.
 Exercise 19.3

1. solve the following equations graphically : 3x – 2y = 4, 5x –

2y = 0

Solution
3x – 2y = 4...(i)
2y = 3 × -4
3×−4
Y=
2

When x = 0,
N AT IS
3×0−4
C N
0−4 4

PY
O C D

Y= = = − = −2
2 2 2
O IO
D U AA

O
When x = 2
3×2−4 6−4 2
ED PR

Y= = = =1
2 2 2
T

When x = 4
©

3×4−4 12−4 8
Y= = = =4
2 2 2

x 0 2 4
y -2 1 4

Plot the above points on graph . join them .

5x – 2y = 0 (ii)
2y = 5x
5𝑥
𝑦=
2
When x = 0 ,
Y=0
When x= 2 ,
2
Y=5× =5
2

When x =-2,
2
Y = 5 × − = −5
2

x 0 2 -2
y 0 5 -5
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

Plot the above points on graph . join them .

O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

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It is clear from the graph that the two lines intersect at (-2,-5).
So the solution of the given equations are x = -2 and y = - 5
2. solve the following pair of equations graphically. Plot at
least 3 points for each straight line 2x – 7y = 6 , 5x – 8y = -4 .

Solution
2x – 7y = 6.....(i)
2x = 7y + 6
7𝑦+6
X=
2
When y = 0
7×0+6 6
X= = =3
2 2
When y = -1
7×−1=6 1
N AT IS
X= = − = −0.5
2 2
C N
PY
When y = -2
O C D
O IO
D U AA

7×−2+6 8
X=
O
= − = −4
2 2
x 3 -0.5 -4
ED PR

y 0 -1 -2
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Mark the above points on graph . join them .

5x – 8y = -4....(ii)
5x = 8y – 4
8𝑦−4
X=
5
When y = 0
8×0−4 24−4 20
X= = = =4
5 5 5
When y = -2
8×−2−4 −16−4 20
X= = = − = −4
5 5 5
x 0.8 4 -4
y 0 3 -2

Mark the above points on graph. Join them .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

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It is clear from the graph that the two lines intersect at (-4,-2)
So the solution of the given equations are x = -4 and y = -2 .

[Link] the same axes of co – ordinates and the same unit ,

solve graphically .

x+y = 0, 3x -2y =10

solution
x + y = 0 ...(i)
y = -x
when x = -3
y=3
when x =-2 ,
y=2
when x = -1
y=1

x -3 -2 -1
y 3 2 1

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

3x – 2y = 10 ...(ii)
3x = 2y + 10
2𝑦+10
X=
3
N AT IS
When y =1
C N
PY
2×1+10 12
O C D

X= = =4
3 3
O IO
D U AA

O
When y =-2
2× −2+10 6
ED PR

X= = =2
3 3
T

When y = 4
©

2×4+10 18
X= = =6
3 3

x 4 2 6
y 1 -2 4

Mark the above points on graph . join them

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

It is clear from the graph that the two lines intersect at (2 , -2)
O IO
D U AA

O
So the solution of the given equations are x = 2 and y = -2 .
ED PR

4. take 1 cm to represent 1 unit on each axis to draw the

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graph of the equations 4x – 5y = -4 and 3x = 2y -3 on the

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same graph sheet (same axes) . use your graph to find the
solution of the above simultaneous equations.

Solution

4x – 5y = -4 ...(i)
4x = 5y – 4
5𝑦−4
X=
4

When y = 0

5×0−4 4
X= = − = −1
4 4
When y = 2
5×2−4 6
X= = = 1.5
4 4
When y = - 2

5×−2−4 14
X= = − = −3.5
4 4

x -3.5 -1 1.5
y -2 0 2

Mark the above points on graph. Join them

N AT IS
3x = 2y -3 ...(ii)
2𝑦−3
X= C N
PY
O C D

3
O IO
When y = 0 ,
D U AA

O
2×0−3 3
X= = − = −1
ED PR

3 3
T

When y = 3,
©

2×3−3 3
X= = =1
3 3
When y = -3
2×−3−3 9
X= = − = −3
3 3

x -1 1 -3
y 0 3 -3

Mark the above points on graph . join them

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

It is clear from the graph that the two lines intersect at (-1,0)
O
So the solution of the given equations are x = -1 and y = 0 .
ED PR

5 . solve the following simultaneous equations graphically , x

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+3y = 8, 3x = 2 + 2y
©

Solution
X + 3y = 8....(i)
3y = 8 –x
8−𝑥
Y=
3
when x = 8 ,
8−8
y= =0
3

when x = 2,
8−2 6
y= = =2
3 3

when x = 5,
 8−5 3
y= = =1
3 3

x 2 5 8
y 2 1 0

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

3x = 2 + 2y
2y = 3 × −2
3×−2
Y=
2
When x =2
3×2−2 4
N AT IS
Y= = =2
2 2
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
When x = 4
D U AA

3×4−2 10
Y= = =5
O
2 2
ED PR

When x = -2
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3×−2−2 8
Y= = − = −4
©

2 2

x -2 2 4
y -4 2 5

Mark the above points on graph . join them

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
It is clear from the graph that the two lines intersect at ( 2,2)
D U AA

O
So the solution of the given equations are x = 2 and y = 2.
ED PR

6. solve graphically the simultaneous equations 3y = 5 – x , 2x

©

= y +3
(take 2 cm = 1 unit on both axes).

Solution
3y = 5 –x
5−𝑥
Y=
3
When x = 5
5−5
Y= =0
3
When x = 2,
5−2 3
Y= = =1
3 3
Then x = -1
5−(−1) 6
Y= = =2
3 3

x -1 2 5
y 2 1 0

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

2x = y + 3...(ii)
Y = 2 × -3
When x = 0 ,
N AT IS
Y = (2 × 0 − 3) = 0 − 3 = −3
C N
PY
O C D

When x = 1
O IO
D U AA

O
Y = (2 × 1 − 3) = 2 − 3 = −1
ED PR

When x = 2
T

𝑦 = (2 × 2 − 3) = 4 − 3 = 1
©

x 0 1 2
y -3 -1 1

Mark the above points on graph . join them

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

It is clear from the graph that the two lines intersect at (2,1)
O
So the solution of the given equations are x = 2 and y = 1
ED PR

7. use graph paper for this equation

T
©

Take 2cm = 1 unit on both axes.

(i) draw the graph of x + y + 3 = 0 and 3x – 2y + 4 = 0 . plot
only three points per line .

(ii) write down the co – ordinates of the points of intersection

of the lines.

(iii) measure and record the distance of the point of

intersection of the lines from the origin in cm.
Solution

(i) x + y + 3 = 0 ...(i)
Y = -x – 3
When x = -3
Y = 3-3 = 0
When x = -2
Y = 2-3 = -1
When x = -1
Y = 1 -3 = -2

x -1 -2 -3
N AT IS
y -2 -1 0
C N
PY
O C D

Mark the above points on graph. Join them .

O IO
D U AA

O
3x – 2y + 4 = 0 ....(ii)
ED PR

2y = 3x + 4
3𝑥+ 4
Y=
T

2
©

When x = -4
3×−4+4 −12+4 8
Y= = = − = −4
2 2 2

When x = -2
3×−2+4 −6+4 2
Y= = = − = −1
2 2 2

when x = 2
3×2+4 6+4 10
y= = = =5
2 2 2
x -4 -2 2
y -4 -1 5

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

(ii) the two lines intersect at (-2,-1)

(iii) measure the distance from origin to the point (-2,-1)

The distance of the point of intersection of the lines from the

origin is 4.5 cm
8 . solve the following simultaneous equations, graphically:

2x – 3y + 2 = 4x+1 = 3x-y + 2

Solution
Consider first equation.
2x – 3y + 2 = 4x + 1
3y = 2x – 4x+2 -1
3y = -2x +1
−2x +1
Y=
3
When x= -1
N AT IS
−2×−1+1 3
Y= = =1
3
C N 3

PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

When x = 2, O
−2×2+1 3
ED PR

Y= = − = −1
3 3
T

When x = 0.5
©

−2× 0.5 +1
Y= =0
3

x 0.5 2 -1
y 0 -1 1

Mark the above points on graph . join them

Consider second equation .
4x +1 = 3x – y + 2
Y = 3x – 4x + 2 -1
Y = -x + 1

When x = 0

Y = 0 +1 = 1

When x = 1
N AT IS
Y=-1+1=0
When x = 2
C N
PY
O C D

Y = -2 + 1 = - 1
O IO
D U AA

O
x 0 1 2
ED PR

y 1 0 -1
T

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

©
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

It is clear from the graph that the two line intersect at ( 2, -1)
©

So the solution of the given equations are x = 2 and y = -1

9. use graph paper for this question.

(i) draw the graphs of 3x – y – 2 = 0 and 2x+ y – 8 = 0 . take

1cm = 1 unit on both axes and plot three points per line .

(ii) write down the co – ordinates of the point of intersection

and the area of the triangle formed by the lines and x – axis.
Solution

(i) 3x – y – 2 = 0 ....(i)
Y = 3x – 2

When x = 0 , y = 3× 0 – 2 = 0 -2 = -2
When x = 1 , y = 3×1 -2 = 3 -2 = 1
When x = 2, y = 3 × 2 -2 = 6 – 2 = 4

x 0 1 2
y N AT IS-2 1 4

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

C N
PY
O C D

2x + y – 8 = 0 ....(ii)
O IO
D U AA

O
Y = - 2x + 8
ED PR

When x = 1 , y = -2 × 1 + 8 = -2 + 8 = 6
T

When x = 2 , y = - 2 ×2 + 8 = - 4 + 8 = 4
©

When x = 3 , y = -2 × 3 + 8 = -6 + 8 = 2

x 1 2 3
y 6 4 2

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

(ii) the coordinates of the points of intersection are (2,4)

O IO
D U AA

1
Area of the triangle formed = × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
O 2
1
= × 3.4 × 4
ED PR

2
= 6.8 cm2
T

Hence area of the triangle is 6.8 cm2

©

10. solve the following system of linear equations graphically :

2x – y – 4 = 0 , x+ y + 1 = 0 . hence , find the area of the
triangle formed by these lines and the y – axis .

Solution
2x – y – 4 = 0 ...(i)
Y = 2× -4

When x = 1 , y = 2 × 1 -4 = 2 – 4 = -2
When x = 2, y = 2× 2 – 4 = 4 -4 = 0
When x = 3 , y = 2× 3-4 = 6 -4 = 2
x 1 2 3
y -2 0 2

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

X + y + 1 = 0 ... (ii)

Y=-x–1

When x = 0 , y = 0 -1 = -1
When x = -2 , y = 2-1 =1
When x = -1 , y = 1 -1 = 0
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

x -2 -1 0
O IO
D U AA

y 1
O 0 -1
ED PR

Mark the above points on graph . join them

T
©
It is clear from the graph that the two lines intersect at (1, -2)
So the solution of the given equation are x = 1 and y = -2
The area of the triangle formed by these lines and y axis =
1
× 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
1
= ×3×1
2
= 1.5 sq. Units

Hence area of the triangle is 1.5 sq . units.

11. solve graphically the following equations : x + 2y = 4 , 3x –

2y = 4
N AT IS
Take 2 cm = 1 unit on each axis. Write down the area of the
C N
PY
O C D

triangle formed by the lines and x – axis .

O IO
D U AA

O
Solution
ED PR

X + 2y = 4 ...(i)
2y = 4 – x
T

4−𝑥
Y=
©

2
4−0 4
When x = 0 , y = = =2
2 2
4−2 2
When x = 2 , y = = =1
2 2
4−4 0
When x = 4 , y = = =0
2 2

x 0 2 4
y 2 1 0

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

3x – 2y = 4 ...(ii)
2y = 3× -4
 3×−4
Y =
2
3×0−4 4 4
When x = 0 , y = =0− = − = −2
2 2 2
3×2−4 6−4 2
When x = 2 , y = = = =1
2 2 2
3×4−4 12−4 8
When x = 4 , y = = = =4
2 2 2

x 0 2 4
y -2 1 4

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

It is clear from the graph that the two lines intersect at (2,1)
So the solution of the given equation are x = 2 and y = 1.
1
The area of the triangle formed by these lines and x axis = ×
2
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
 1
= × 2.7 × 1
2
= 1.35 sq. Units

Hence area of the triangle is 1.35 sq. Units.

12. on graph paper take 2 cm to represent on e unit on both

the axes, draw the lines : x + 3 = 0 , y – 2 = 0 , 2x + 3y = 12

Write down the co – ordinates of the vertices of the triangle

formed by these lines.

Solution
N AT IS
X+3=0
C N
PY
X=-3
O C D
O IO
The graph of x = -3 will be a line passing through x = -3 parallel
D U AA

to y axis.
O
ED PR

Y – 2 = 0 ...(ii)
T

Y=2
The graph of y = 2 will be a line passing through y = 2 parallel to
©

x axis.

2x + 3y = 12...(iii)
3y = 12 – 2x
12−2𝑥
Y=
3

12−2×0 12
When x = 0 , y = = =4
3 3

3 6 6
When x = 3 , y = 12 − 2 × = 12 − = = 2
3 3 3

12−2×6 12−12
When x = 6 , y = = =0
2 3
x 0 3 6
y 4 2 0

Mark the above points on graph . join them

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

From the graph , it is clear that the vertices of the triangle formed
by the lines are A (-3,2) , B (-3,6) and C (3,2)

13. find graphically the co – ordinates of the vertices of the

triangle formed by the lines y = 0 , y = x and 2x + 3y = 10 .
hence find the area of the triangle formed by these lines.

Solution
Y = 0 ...(i)
The graph of y = 0 is the x axis.
Y = x ...(ii)

When x = 1 , y = 1
When x = 2, y = 2
When x = 3, y = 3

x 1 2 3
y 1 2 3

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

2x + 3y = 10 ...(iii)
3y = 10- 2x
10−2x
Y=
3
10−2×0.5 10−1 9
When x = 0.5 , y = = = =3
N AT IS
3 3 3
10−2×2 10−4 6
C N
When x = 2 , y = = = =2

PY
O C D

3 3 3
O IO
10−2×5 10−10
= =0
D U AA

When x = 5 , y =
3 3
O
ED PR

x 0.5 2 5
y 3 2 0
T
©

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

From the graph , it is clear that the vertices of the triangle formed
by the lines are A(2,2) , B(5,0) and c(0,0)
1
Area of triangle formed by these lines = × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
1
= ×5×2
2
= 5 sq . units

Hence area of the triangle is 5 sq. Units.

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 Exercise 19.4

1. find the distance between the following pairs of points:

(i) (2,3) ,(4,1)

(ii) (0,0) ,(36,15)
(iii) (a,b) ,(-a,-b)

Solution
(i) let p(x1, y1) and Q(x2 ,y2 ) be the given points
Co – ordinates of p = (2,3)
Co- ordinates of Q = (4,1)
N AT IS
Here x1 = 2, y1 = 3, x2 = 4 , y2 = 1
C N
PY
O C D

By distance formula d(p,q) = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

O IO
D U AA

D(p,q) = √(4 − 2)2 + (1 − 3)2

O
ED PR

= √(2)2 + (−2)2
T
©

= √4 + 4

= √8

= √4 × 2

= 2√2

Hence the distance between p and q is 2√2 units .

(ii) let p(x1, y1) and q(x2 , y2 ) be the given points
Co – ordinates of p = ( 0,0)
Co – ordinates of q = (36,15)

Here x1 = 0 , y1 = 0 , x2 = 36 , y2 = 15

By distance formula d(p,q) = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

D(p,q) = √(36 − 0)2 + (15 − 0)2

= √(36)2 + (15)2
N AT IS
= √1296 + 225
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

= √1521 O
ED PR

= 39
Hence the distance between p and q is 39 units.
T
©

(iii) let p(x1 , y1) and q (x2 , y2 ) be the given points

Co – ordinates of P = (a, b)
Co – ordinates of q = (-a, -b)

Here x1 = a , y1 = b , x2 = - a , y2 = - b

By distance formula d(p,q) = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

D(p,q) = √(−𝑎 − 𝑎)2 + (−𝑏 − 𝑏)2

= √(−2𝑎)2 + (−2𝑏)2
= √4𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2

= √4(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )

= 2√(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )

Hence the distance between p and q is 2√(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) units .

2. A is a point on y – axis whose ordinate is 4 and B is a point

on x – axis whose abscissa is -3 . find the length of the line
segment AB .
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

Solution
O IO
D U AA

Given A is a point on Y axis and ordinate is 4.

O
So the x – coordinate is 0.
ED PR

Coordinates of A are (0,4)

T

Given B is a point on x axis and abscissa is – 3 .

©

So the y – coordinate is 0.

Coordinates of B are (-3,0)

By distance formula, length of AB , d(AB) =
√(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= d(AB) = √(−3 − 0)2 + (0 − 4)2

= √(−3)2 + (−4)2

= √9 + 16
= √25

=5
Hence the length of line segment AB is 5 units

3. find the value of a , if the distance between the points A (-3,-

14) and B (a, - 5) is 9 units .

Solution
Given distance between A(-3,-14) and B(a, -5) is 9 units.
By distance formula , length of AB , d(AB) =
√(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
N AT IS
C N
PY
9 = √(𝑎 − (−3))2 + (−5 − (−14))2
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
9 = √(𝑎 + 3)2 + (−5 + 14)2
ED PR

9 = √(𝑎 + 3)2 + (9)2

T
©

9 = √𝑎2 + 6𝑎 + 9 + 81

9= √𝑎2 + 6𝑎 + 90

Squaring both sides,

81 = a2 + 6a+ 90

a2 + 6a + 90 – 81 = 0

a2 + 6a + 9 = 0
(a + 3)(a+3) = 0
a+3=0
a = -3

hence the value of a is – 3.

4. (i) find points on the x – axis which are at a distance of 5

units from the points ( 5, -4) .

(ii) find points on the y – axis which are at a distance of 10

units from the point (8,8) ?

(iii) find points (or points) which are at a distance of √𝟏𝟎

from the point (4,3) given that the ordinate of the point or
N AT IS
points is twice the abscissa.
C N
PY
O C D

Solution
O IO
D U AA

O
(i) given the point is on x axis . so y – coordinate is 0.
ED PR

Let the points on x – axis be A(x,0) which is at a distance of 5

T

units from B(5,-4)

©

By distance formula , distance between AB =

√(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

5 = √(5 − 𝑥)2 + (−4 − 0)2

5 = √(5 − 𝑥)2 + (−4)2

5 = √25 + 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 16

5 = √ 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 41
Squaring both sides.

25 = x2 – 10x + 41
X2 – 10x + 41 – 25 = 0

X2 – 10x + 16 = 0

(x -2) (x-8) = 0

x-2 = 0 or x – 8 = 0

x = 2 or x = 8
N AT IS
hence the points are (2,0) and (8,0)
C N
PY
O C D

(ii) given the point is on y axis . so x – coordinate is 0 .

O IO
D U AA

Let the points on y – axis be A(0,y) which is at a distance of 10

O
units from B(8,8).
ED PR

By distance formula , distance between AB =

T

√(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
©

10 = √(8 − 0)2 + (8 − 𝑦)2

10 = √(8)2 + (8 − 𝑦)2

10 = √64 + 64 + 𝑦 2 − 16𝑦

10 = √𝑦 2 − 16𝑦 + 128
Squaring both sides
100 = y2 – 16y + 128
Y2 – 16y +128 -100 = 0
Y2 – 16y +28 = 0
(y-14)(y -2) = 0
Y – 14 = 0 or y -2 = 0
Y = 14 or y = 2
Hence the points are (0,14) and (0,2) .
(iii) let the abscissa of the point be x .
Then ordinate = 2x
So the coordinates of the point are (x , 2x)
Since the point is at a distance of √10 from the point (4,3)
N AT IS
√(4 − 𝑥)2 + (3 − 2𝑥)2 = √10 [ by distance formula ]
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
Squaring both sides,
D U AA

(4-x)2 + (3-2x)2 = 10
O
x2 + 16 – 8x + 4x2 – 12x + 9 -10 = 0
ED PR

5x2 – 20x + 15 = 0
Divide by 5 .
T

x2 – 4x + 3 = 0
©

(x -3)(x-1) = 0
x-3 = 0 or x -1 = 0
x=3 or x = 1
so 2x = 2×3 = 6 or 2x = 2× 1 = 2
hence the points are (3,6) and (1,2)

5. find the point on the x –axis which , is equidistant from the

points (2, -5) and (-2, 9) .

Solution
Let the point on x axis be (x, 0) which is equidistant from (2,-5)
and (-2,9) .
Distance between (x,0) and (2,-5) is equal to the distance between
(x, 0) and (-2,9)
√(2 − 𝑥)2 + (−5 − 0)2 = √(−2 − 𝑥)2 + (9 − 0)2 [ by
distance formula]

√4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 25 = √4 + 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 81

√𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 29 = √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 85

Squaring both sides,

x2 – 4x + 29 = x2 + 4x + 85
N AT IS
-4x – 4x = 85 – 29
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
-8x = 56
D U AA

O
56
X=
ED PR

−8
T

X=-7
©

Hence the point is (-7,0) .

6. find the value of x such that PQ = QR where the

coordinates of p,q and r are (6, -1) , ( 1,3) and (x, 8)
respectively .

Solution

Coordinates of p are (6, -1)

Coordinates of q are (1,3)
Coordinates of r are (x, 8)
PQ = QR
By distance formula , √(1 − 6)2 + (3 − (−1))2 =
√𝑥 − 12 + 8 − 32

= √(5)2 + (4)2 = √(𝑥 − 1)2 + (5)2

= √25 + 16 = √𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 25

= √41 = √𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 26

Squaring both sides,

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

41 = x2 – 2x+ 26
O IO
D U AA

x2 – 2x + 26 – 41 = 0
O
x2 – 2x +15 = 0
ED PR

(x+3) (x-5) = 0
(x+3) = 0 or (x -5) = 0
T

x = - 3 or x = 5
©

hence the value of x is -3 or 5.

7. if Q(0,1) is equidistant from p (5, -3) and R (x,6) find the

values of x .

Solution
Q(0,1) is equidistant from p(5,-3) and R(x,6)

So PQ = QR
By distance formula , √(5 − 0)2 + (−3 − 1)2 =
√(𝑥 − 0)2 + (6 − 1)2
√(5)2 + (−4)2 = √(𝑥)2 + (5)2

√25 + 16 = √(𝑥)2 + 25

√41 = √(𝑥)2 + 25

Squaring both sides ,

41 = x2 + 25
x2 + 25 – 41 = 0
x2 – 16 = 0
N AT IS
(x – 4 ) (x + 4) = 0
C N
PY
O C D

(x-4) = 0 or (x + 4 ) = 0
O IO
D U AA

O
X = 4 or x = - 4
ED PR

Hence the value of x is 4 or – 4 .

T
©

8 . find a relation between x and y such that the point (x,y) is

equidistant from the points (7,1) and (3,5)

Solution
Let the point (7,1) be Q and the point (3,5) be R.

Let p(x,y) be the point equidistant from q(7,1) and R(3,5)

So PQ = PR
By distance formula , √(7 − 𝑥)2 + (1 − 𝑦)2 =
√(3 − 𝑥)2 + (5 − 𝑦)2
 √x 2 − 14x + 49 + y 2 − 2y + 1
= √x 2 − 6x + 9 + y 2 − 10y + 25

√𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 50 = √𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 + 34

Squaring both sides ,

x2 -14x + y2 – 2y + 50 = x2 – 6x + y2 – 10y + 34

-14x + 6x – 2y + 10y + 50 -34 = 0

N AT IS
-8x + 8y + 16 = 0
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Divide by 8 O
-x + y + 2 = 0
ED PR

Y=x–2
T

Hence the required relation is y = x – 2

©

9. the x – coordinate of a point p is twice its y – coordinate. If p

is equidistant from the points Q(2,-5) and U(-3,6) then find
the coordinates of p .

Solution

Let the y co – ordinate be x.

Then x coordinate is 2x.
So coordinates of p are (2x,x)

P is equidistant from the points Q(2,-5) and u(-3,6).

PQ = PU
By distance formula , √(2 − 2𝑥)2 + (−5 − 𝑥)2 =
√(−3 − 2𝑥)2 + (6 − 𝑥)2

√4 − 8x + 4x 2 + 25 + 10x + x 2 =
√9 + 12x + 4x 2 + 36 − 12x + x 2

√29 + 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 2 = √45 + 5𝑥 2

Squaring both sides,

N AT IS
29 + 2x+ 5x2 = 45 + 5x2
C N
PY
O C D

2x + 29 – 45 = 0
O IO
D U AA

2x- 16 = 0 O
2x = 16
16
ED PR

X=
2
T

X=8
©

So 2x = 2 × 8 = 16
P(2x,x) = p(16,8)

Hence the coordinates of p are (16,8).

10. if the points A (4,3) and B (x,5) are on a circle with centre
C(2,3) find the value of x.

Solution
Given the points A(4,3) and B(x,5) are on the circle whose centre
is C(2,3).
AC = BC [ radii of same circle]
By distance formula , √(2 − 4)2 + (3 − 3)2 =
√(2 − 𝑥)2 + (3 − 5)2

√(−2)2 + 0 = √4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + (−2)2

√4 = √4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + (−2)2

√4 = √8 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2
N AT IS
Squaring both sides,
C N
PY
O C D

4 = 8 -4x+x2
O IO
D U AA

O
X2 – 4x + 4 = 0
ED PR

(x-2)(x-2) = 0
T

X= 2
©

Hence the value of x is 2.

11. if a point A (0,2) is equidistant from the points B(3,p) and

C(p,5), then find the value of p.

Solution

Given A(0,2) is equidistant from B(3,p) and C(P,5)

AB = AC
By distance formula , √(3 − 0)2 + (𝑝 − 2)2 =
√𝑝 − 02 + 5 − 22
√33 + 𝑝 − 22 = √𝑝2 + 32

√9 + 𝑝2 − 4𝑝 + 4 = √𝑝2 + 9

√𝑝 2 − 4𝑝 + 13 = √𝑝2 + 9

Squaring both sides

P2 -4p + 13 = p2 + 9
-4p +13 – 9 = 0
N AT IS
-4p + 4 = 0
C N
PY
O C D

-4p = -4
O IO
−4
D U AA

𝑝= =1 O
−4
ED PR

Hence the value of p is 1 .

12. using distance formula , show that (3,3) is the centre of the
T

circle passing through the points (6,2),(0,4) and (4,6)

©

Solution
Let C(3,3) is the centre of the circle passing through the points
p(6,2) Q(0,4) and R(4,6)

CP = CQ = CR [radii of same circle]

By distance formula ,CP= √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

CP= √(6 − 3)2 + (2 − 3)2

CP= √(3)2 + (−1)2

CP= √9 + 1

CP= √10

By distance formula , CQ = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

CQ = √(0 − 3)2 + (4 − 3)2

CQ = √(3)2 + (1)2
N AT IS
C N
PY
CQ = √9 + 1
O C D
O IO
D U AA

CQ = √10
O
ED PR

By distance formula CR = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

©

CR = √(4 − 3)2 + (6 − 3)2

CR = √(1)2 + (3)2

CR = √1 + 9

CR = √10

Since CP = CQ = CR
C(3,3) is the centre of the circle passing through the points p(6,2),
Q(0,4) and R(4,6)
Hence proved

13. the centre of circle is C(𝟐𝜶 − 𝟏, 𝟑𝜶 + 𝟏) and it passing

through the point A(-3,-1) . if a diameter of the circle is of
length 20 units, find the value(s) of 𝜶

Solution
Centre of a circle is C(2 𝛼-1 , 3 𝛼+1) and it passes through the
point A(-3,-1)

Diameter of the circle = 20

20
N AT IS
Radius = = 10
2
C N
PY
AC = 10[ radius]
O C D
O IO
By distance formula , AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
D U AA

O
10 = √(2𝛼 − 1 − (−3))2 + (3𝛼 + 1 − (−1))2
ED PR

10 = √(2𝛼 − 1 + 3)2 + (3𝛼 + 1 + 1)2

T
©

10 = √(2𝛼 + 2)2 + (3𝛼 + 2)2

Squaring both sides,

100 = [(2𝛼 + 2)2 + (3𝛼 + 2)2

100 = 4 𝛼 2 + 8 𝛼 + 4 + 9 𝛼 2 + 12 𝛼 + 4

100 = 13 𝛼 2 + 20 𝛼 + 8

13 𝛼 2 + 20 𝛼 + 8 -100 = 0

13 𝛼 2 + 20 𝛼 – 92 = 0
13 𝛼 2 – 26 𝛼 + 46 𝛼 – 92 = 0

13 𝛼 (𝛼 -2) + 46(𝛼 - 2) = 0

(𝛼 -2)(13 𝛼 +46) = 0

𝛼 -2 = 0 or 13 𝛼 = -46
46
𝛼 =2 or 𝛼 = −
13

46
hence the value is 𝛼 = 2 or 𝛼 = −
N AT IS
13

C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

14. using distance formula , show that the points A(3,1),

T

B(6,4) and C(8,6) are collinear.

©

Solution
Given points are A(3,1) , B(6,4) and C(8,6)

If AB + BC = AC , then the three points are collinear .

By distance formula, AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AB = √(6 − 3)2 + (4 − 1)2

AB = √(3)2 + (3)2
AB = √9 + 9

AB = √18

AB = √9 × 2

AB = 3√2

By distance formula , BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

BC = √(8 − 6)2 + (6 − 4)2

N AT IS
BC = √(2)2 + (2)2
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

BC = √4 + 4
O
ED PR

BC = √8
T

BC = √4 × 2
©

BC = 2√2

By distance formula , AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AC = √(8 − 3)2 + (6 − 1)2

AC = √(5)2 + (5)2

AC = √25 + 25

AC = √50
AC = √25 × 2

AC = 5√2

AB + BC = 3√2 +2√2 = 5√2 = AC

Hence proved.

So, A,B, C are collinear.

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

15. check whether the points (5,-2) , (6,4) and ( 7 , -2) are the
T

vertices of an isosceles triangle.

©

Solution
Let A(5,-2) B(6,4) and C(7,-2) are the vertices of an isosceles
triangle .

By distance formula, AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AB = √(6 − 5)2 + (4 − (−2))2

AB = √(1)2 + (4 + 2)2

AB = √1 + (6)2
AB = √1 + 36

AB = √37

By distance formula , AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AC = √(7 − 5)2 + (−2 − (−2))2

AC = √(2)2 + (−2 + 2)2

N AT IS
AC = √4 + 0 C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

AC = √4
O
ED PR

AC = 2
T

By distance formula , BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

©

BC = √(7 − 6)2 + (−2 − 4)2

BC = √(1)2 + (−6)2
BC = √1 + 36

BC = √37

Here AB = BC

Hence ABC is an isosceles triangle

16. name the type of triangle formed by the points A(-5,6) , B(-
4,-2)
And (7,5)

Solution

The three vertices of the triangle are A(-5,6) , B(-4,-2) and (7,5)
By distance formula AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AB = √(−4 − (−5))2 + (4 − (−2 − 6))2

AB = √((1)2 + (−8))2
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

AB = √1 + 64
O IO
D U AA

O
AB = √65
ED PR

By distance formula , AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

T
©

AC = √(7 − (−5))2 + (5 − 6)2

AC = √122 + (−1)2

AC = √144 + 1
AC = √145

By distance formula , BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

BC = √(7 − (−4))2 + (5 − (−2))2

BC = √112 + 72

BC = √121 + 49

BC = √170

Length of all sides of the triangle are different .

So, ABC is a scalene triangle

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
17. show that the points (1,1) , (-1-1) and (-√𝟑, √𝟑) from an
ED PR

equilateral triangle.
T

Solution
©

Let A(1,1) , B(-1,-1) and c(-√3, √3 ) be the vertices of ABC .

By distance formula , AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AB = √(−1 − 1)2 + (−1 − 1)2

AB = √(−2)2 + (−2)2

AB = √4 + 4
AB = √8

By distance formula , BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

2 2
BC = √(−√3 − (−1)) + (√3 − (−1))

2 2
BC = √(−√3 + 1) + (√3 + 1)

BC = √3 − 2√3 + 1 + 3 + 2√3 + 1
N AT IS
BC = √8
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

By distance formula AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

O
ED PR

2 2
AC = √(−√3 − 1) + (√3 − 1)
T
©

AC = √3 + 2√3 + 1 + 3 − 2√3 + 1

AC = √8

Here AB = BC = AC

So the points from an equilateral triangle .

18. show that the points(7,10), (-2,5) and (3,-4) are the vertices
of an isosceles right triangle .
Solution
Let A(7,10) , B(-2,5) and C(3,-4) be the vertices of ABC .

By distance formula , AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AB = √(−2 − 7)2 + (5 − 10)2

AB = √(−9)2 + (−5)2

AB = √81 + 25

AB = √106
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

By distance formula , BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

O IO
D U AA

O
BC = √(3 − (−2))2 + (−4 − 5)2
ED PR

BC = √52 + (−9)2
©

BC = √25 + 81

BC = √106

By distance formula , AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AC = √(3 − 7)2 + (−4 − 10)2

AC = √(−4)2 + (−14)2

AB = √16 + 196
AB = √212

Here AB = BC

So ABC is an isosceles triangle .

AB2 + BC2 = 106 +106

AB2 + BC2 = 212 = AC2 [ Pythagoras theorem ]

So ABC is a right triangle .

N AT IS
Hence ABC is an isosceles right triangle .
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

19 . the points A(0,3) B(-2,a) and C(-1,4) are the vertices of a

right angled triangle at A, find the value of a.
T
©

Solution

Given the points A(0,3) , B(-2,a) and C(-1,4) are the vertices of a
right angled triangle at A.

By distance formula , AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AB = √(−2 − 0)2 + (𝑎 − 3)2

AB = √4 + 𝑎2 − 6𝑎 + 9

AB = √𝑎2 − 6𝑎 + 13
By distance formula , BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
BC = √(−1 − (−2))2 + (4 − 𝑎)2

BC = √(1)2 + 16 − 8𝑎 + 𝑎2

BC = √17 − 8𝑎 + 𝑎2

BC = √𝑎2 − 8𝑎 + 17

By distance formula , AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

N AT IS
AC = √(−1 − 0)2 + (4 − 3)2
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
AC = √(−1)2 + (1)2
D U AA

O
AC = √1 + 1
ED PR

AC = √2
©

BC2 = AC2 + AB2 [ Pythagoras theorem ]

a2 – 8a + 17 = 2 + a2 – 6a + 13

-8a + 6a + 17 -2 – 13 = 0

-2a +2 = 0

2a = 2
2
a= =1
2
hence the value of a is 1.
20 . show that the points (0,-1) ,(-2,3) , (6,7) and (8,3) taken in
order are the vertices of a rectangle .

Also find its area .

Solution :

Let the points A(0,-1) B(-2,3) , C(6,7) and D(8,3) be the vertices
of a rectangle.

By distance formula , AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

N AT IS
C N
AB = √(−2 − 0)2 + (3 − (−1))2

PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
AB = √(−2)2 + (4)2
ED PR

AB = √4 + 16
T
©

AB = √20

AB = √4 × 5

AB = 2√5

By distance formula, BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

BC = √(6 − (−2))2 + (7 − 3)2

BC = √(8)2 + (4)2
BC = √64 + 16
BC = √80

BC = √5 × 16

BC = 4√5

By distance formula , CD = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

CD = √(8 − 6)2 + (3 − 7)2

N AT IS
CD = √(2)2 + (−4)2
C N
PY
O C D

CD = √4 + 16
O IO
D U AA

O
CD = √20
ED PR

CD = √4 × 5
©

CD = 2√5

By distance formula, AD = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AD = √(8 − 0)2 + (3 − (−1))2

AD = √(8)2 + (4)2

AD = √64 + 16
AD = √80
AD = √5 × 16

AD = 4√5

Here AB = CD and BC = AD
Hence these are the vertices of a rectangle .

Area of ABCD = AB × BC

= 2√5 × 4√5
N AT IS
= 40 sq. Units
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
Hence the area of ABCD is 40 sq. Units
D U AA

O
ED PR

21. if p(2,-1) , Q(3,4) R(-2,3) and S(-3,-2) be four points in a

T

plane, show that PQRS is a rhombus but not a square . find

the area of the rhombus .
©

Solution
Given p(2,-1) , Q(3,4) R(-2,3) and S(-3,-2) be four points in a
plane.

By distance formula , PQ = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

PQ = √(3 − 2)2 + (4 − (−1))2

PQ = √(1)2 + (5)2

PQ = √1 + 25
PQ = √26

By distance formula , QR = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

QR = √(−2 − 3)2 + (3 − 4)2

QR = √(−5)2 + (−1)2

QR = √25 + 1

QR = √26
N AT IS
C N
By distance formula , RS = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

PY
O C D
O IO
RS = √(−3 − (−2))2 + (−2 − 3)2
D U AA

O
RS = √(−1)2 + (−5)2
ED PR

RS = √1 + 25
©

RS = √26

By distance formula , PS = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

PS = √(−3 − 2)2 + (−2 − (−1))2

PS = √(−5)2 + (−1)2

PS = √25 + 1
PS = √26

Here PQ= QR = RS = PS

So it can be a rhombus or a square .

Diagonal PR = √(−2 − 2)2 + (−3 − (−1))2 [ distance formula]

PR = √(−4)2 + (4)2

PR = √16 + 16 = √32 = √16 × 2 = 4√2

N AT IS
Diagonal QS = √(−3 − 3)2 + (−2 − 4)2 [ distance formula]
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

QS = √(−6)2 + (−6)2
O
ED PR

QS = √36 + 36 = √2 × 36 = 6√2
T

Here diagonals are not equal . so PQRS is not a square . it is a

©

rhombus
1
Area of rhombus PQRS = × 𝑃𝑅 × 𝑄𝑆
2
1
= × 4√2 × 6√2
2

= 24 sq units

Hence the area of the rhombus PQRS is 24 sq. Units

22. prove that the points A(2,3) , B(-2,2) C(-1,-2) and D(3,-1)
are the vertices of a square ABCD .

Solution
Let A(2,3) , B(-2,2) C(-1,-2) and D(3,-1) are the vertices of a
square ABCD

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

Using distance formula , we find the length of the sides and

T

length of the diagonals.

©

AB = √(−2 − 2)2 + (2 − 3)2

= √(−4)2 + (−1)2

= √16 + 1

= √17

CD = √3 − (−1)2 + (−1 − (−2)2

= √42 + 12

= √16 + 1

=√17

AD = √(3 − 2)2 + (−1 − 3)2

= √12 + (−4)2
N AT IS
= √1 + 16
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

=√17
O
ED PR

Here AB = BC = CD = AD .
T

All the sides are equal .

©

Diagonal AC = √(−1 − 2)2 + (−2 − 3)2

= √(−3)2 + (−5)2

= √9 + 25

= √34

AC = BD
So diagonals are also equal.
Hence the points are the vertices of a square .

23. name the type of quadrilateral formed by the following

points and give reasons for your answer:

(i) (-1,-2) ,(1,0), (-1,2),(-3,0)

(ii) (4,5) ,(7,6) , (4,3),(1,2)
N AT IS
Solution
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

(i) let A(-1,-2) ,(1,0), (-1,2),(-3,0) are the given points.

Using distance formula , we find the length of the sides and
length of the diagonal.

AB = √(1 − (−1))2 + (0 − (−2))2

= √22 + 22

= √4 + 4

= √8

BC = √(−1 − 1)2 + (2 − 0)2

= √(−2)2 + (2)2
N AT IS
= √4 + 4
C N
PY
O C D

= √8
O IO
D U AA

O
CD = √(−3 − (−1))2 + (0 − 2)2
ED PR

= √(−2)2 + (−2)2
©

= √4 + 4

= √8

AD = √(−3 − (−1))2 + (0 − (−2))2

= √(−2)2 + (2)2

= √4 + 4

= √8
Diagonal AC = √(−1 − (−1))2 + (2 − (−2))2

= √02 + 42

= √16

=4

Diagonal BD = √(−3 − 1)2 + (0 − 0)2

√−42 + 0
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

= √16
O IO
D U AA

O
=4
ED PR

AC = BD
T
©

So diagonals are also equal .

Also AB = BC = CD = AD

All the sides are equal

Hence quadrilateral ABCD is a square .

(ii) let A(4,5) , B(7,6) , C(4,3) , D(1,2) are the given points .

Using distance formula , we find the length of the sides and

length of the diagonal.
AB = √(7 − 4)2 + (6 − 5)2

= √32 + 12

= √9 + 1
√10

BC = √(4 − 7)2 + (3 − 6)2

= √(−3)2 + (−3)2
N AT IS
= √9 + 9
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
= √18
D U AA

O
CD = √(1 − 4)2 + (2 − 3)2
ED PR

= √−32 + (−1)2
©

= √9 + 1

= √10

AD = √(1 − 4)2 + (2 − 5)2

= √(−3)2 + (−3)2

= √9 + 9

= √18
Diagonal AC = √(4 − 4)2 + (3 − 5)2

= √(0)2 + (−2)2

= √4

=2

Diagonal BD = √(1 − 7)2 + (2 − 6)2

=√(−6)2 + (−4)2
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

= √36 + 16
O IO
D U AA

O
= √52
ED PR

AC ≠ BD
T
©

So diagonals are not equal .

AB = CD
BC = AD

Opposite sides are equal .

Since opposite sides are equal and diagonals are not equal , ABCD
is a parallelogram .
24. find the coordinates of the circum centre of the triangle
whose vertices are (8,6) (8,-2) and (2,-2) also find its circum
radius.

Solution N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

Let O(x,y) be the circum centre of the circle

Let A(8,6) ,B(8,-2) and C(2,-2) be the vertices of the triangle .

OB = OC [radii of same circle]

By distance formula ,

√(8 − 𝑥)2 + (−2 − 𝑦)2 = √(2 − 𝑥)2 + (−2 − 𝑦)2

Squaring both sides,

(8 − 𝑥)2 + (−2 − 𝑦)2 = (2 − 𝑥)2 + (−2 − 𝑦)2

64 + x2 -16x + 4 + 4y + y2 = 4- 4x +x2 + 4+ 4y +y2

64-16x = 4 -4x
12x = 60
60
X= =5
12

OA = OB [ radii of same circle]

N AT IS
C N
PY
By distance formula,
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
√(8 − 𝑥)2 + (6 − 𝑦)2 = √(8 − 𝑥)2 + (−2 − 𝑦)2
ED PR

Squaring both sides,

T
©

(8-x)2 +(6-y)2 = (8-x)2 +(-2-y)2

36 – 12y + y2 = 4 + 4y + y2

-12y -4y = 4 -36

-16y = -32
32
Y= =2
16

Hence the coordinates of 0 are (5,2)

OA = √(8 − 5)2 + (6 − 2)2

= √32 + 42

= √9 + 16

= √25 = 5
Hence the circum radius is 5 units .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©
 Chapter test

1. three vertices of a rectangle are A(2,-1) B(2,7) and C(4,7) .

plot these points on a graph and hence use it to find the co-
ordinates of the fourth vertex D .

Also find the co – ordinates of

(i) the mid – point of BC

(ii) the mid – point of CD
(iii) the point of intersection of the diagonals .
N AT IS
What is the area of the rectangle ?
C N
PY
O C D

Solution
O IO
D U AA

O
Give three vertices of a rectangle are A(2,-1) ,B(2,7) and C(4,7)
ED PR

These points are marked on the graph shown below :

T
©

Join the points to form rectangle ABCD .

Also join the diagonals AC and BD.

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

The coordinates of fourth vertex D is (4,-1)

O
ED PR

(i) the midpoint of BC is (3,7)

(ii) the midpoint of CD is (4,3)
T

(iii) the point of intersection of diagonals is (3,3)

©

Area of the rectangle ABCD = AC × BC

= 8×2
= 16 sq. Units

Hence the area of the rectangle is 16 sq. Units

2. three vertices of a parallelogram are A(3,5) , B(3,-1) and C(-
1,-3) plot these points on a graph paper and hence use it to
find the coordinates of the fourth vertex D. Also find the
coordinates of the mid point of the side CD. What is the area
of the parallelogram ?

Solution
Given A(3,5) , B(3,-1) and C(-1,-3) are the three vertices of a
parallelogram

These points are marked on the graph shown below .

Join the points to form parallelogram ABCD .
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

The coordinates of fourth vertex D is (-1,3)

The coordinates of mid-point of CD is (-1,0)

Area of parallelogram ABCD = base × height

= AB × EF
= 6×4
= 24 sq. Units

Hence the area of the parallelogram is 24 sq. Units

3. draw the graphs of the following linear equations.

(i) y = 2x -1
(ii) 2x + 3y = 6
(iii) 2x -3y = 4

Also find slope and y – intercept of these lines .

N AT IS
Solution
C N
PY
O C D

(i) y = 2x-1
O IO
D U AA

When x =1 , y = 2×1-1 =1
O
When x = 2, y = 2× 2-1 = 4 -1 =3
ED PR

When x =3 , y = 2×3-1 = 6 -1 = 5
T

x 1 2 3
©

y 1 3 5

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Slope of the line y = mx +c is m .

O
Y intercept is c.
ED PR

Slope of the line y = 2x – 1 is m = 2

T
©

Y intercept c = -1
Hence the slope is 2 and y intercept is -1

(ii) 2x+3y = 6
3y = 6 -2x
6−2𝑥
Y=
3
6−2×0 6
When x = 0 , y = = =2
3 3

6−2×3
When x = 3, y = =0
3

6−2×6 6
When x = 6 , y = = − = −2
3 3
x 1 2 3
y 1 3 5

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

Slope of the line y = mx + c is m .

Y intercept is c.
6−2𝑥 2
Slope of the line y = is m = −
3 3

6
Y intercept c = = 2
3
2
Hence the slope is − and y intercept is 2.
3

(iii) 2x – 3y = 4
3y = 2x- 4
2𝑥−4
Y=
3
2 4
Y= 𝑥−
3 3
 2×2−4
When x = 2 , y = =0
3
2×5−4 10−4 6
When x = 5 , y = = = =2
3 3 3

2×−1−4 6
When x = -1 , y = = − = −2
3 3

x 2 5 -1
y 0 2 -2

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©

Slope of the line y = mx + c is m .

Y intercept is c.
2 4 2
Slope of the line y =( ) 𝑥 − is m =
3 3 3
4
Y intercept c = -
3
2 4
Hence the slope is and y intercept is −
3 3
4. draw the graph of the equation 3x – 4y = 12. From the
graph , find :

(i) the value of y when x = - 4

(ii) the value of x when y = 3

Solution :
3x – 4y = 12...(i)
4y = 3x -12
3𝑥−12
Y =
4
3×0−12 12
When x = 0 , y = = − = −3
4 4
3×4−12 12−12
N AT IS
When x= 4 , y = = =0
4 4
C N
PY
O C D

3×8−12 24−12 12
O IO
When x = 8 , y = = = =3
D U AA

O 4 4 4

x 0 4 8
ED PR

y -3 0 3
T
©

Mark the above points on graph . join them

 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
(i) when x = -4 the value of y is -6 .
D U AA

O
(ii) when y = 3, the value of x is 8
ED PR

5. solve graphically , the simultaneous equations : 2x – 3y = 7

;
©

x + 6y = 11.

Solution :

2x – 3y = 7 ..(i)
3y = 2x- 7
2x−7
Y=
3
2×−1−7 9
When x =-1 , y = = − = −3
3 3
2×2−7 3
When x = 2 , y = = − = −1
3 3
2×5−7 3
When x= 5 , y = = =1
3 3
x 0 4 8
y -3 0 3

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

X + 6y = 11...(ii)
6y = 11-x
11−x
Y=
6
−1 12
When x = -1 , y = (11 − )= =2
6 6

11−5 6
When x = 5 , y = = =1
6 6
N AT IS
C N
PY
11−11
O C D

When x =11 , y = =0
O IO
6
D U AA

O
x -1 5 11
ED PR

y 2 1 0
T

Mark the above points on graph . join them .

©
 N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
From the graph , it is clear that the two lines intersect at (5,1)
D U AA

O
Hence x = 5 and y =1
ED PR

6 . solve the following system of equation graphically :

T

x – 2y -4=0
©

solution
it is given that
x – 2y – 4 = 0 , 2x + y – 3 = 0
x – 2y – 4 = 0

it can be written as

x = 2y + 4
by giving different values to y , we obtain the corresponding
values of x
x 4 2 0
y 0 -1 -2

Now plot the points (4,0) (2,-1) and (0,-2) on the graph and join
them to obtain a line .

2x + y – 3 = 0

It can be written as
Y = 3-2x

x 0 1 2
N AT IS
y 3 1 -1
C N
PY
O C D

Now plot the points (0,3),(1,1) and (2,-1) on the graph and join
O IO
D U AA

them to obtain another line .

O
ED PR

Both the lines intersect each other at x = 2 and y = -1

T
©
7. using a scale of 1 cm to 1 unit for both the axes , draw the
graphs of the following equation : 6y = 5x +10 , y = 5x – 15 .
from the graph, find

(i) the coordinates of the point where the two lines intersects
(ii) the area of the triangle between the lines and the x-axis.

Solution
It is given that
6y = 5x + 10 and y = 5x -15
6y = 5x +10
N AT IS
It can be written as
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

5𝑥+10
Y=
6
O
By giving different values to x , we obtain the corresponding
ED PR

values of y
T

x 1 -2 4
©

y 2.5 0 5

Now plot the points(1,2.5) ,(-2,0) and (4,5) on the graph and join
them to obtain a line .

Y = 5x -15

x 2 3 4
y -5 0 5

Now plot the points (2,-5)(3,0) and (4,5) on the graph and join
them to obtain another line.
Both the lines intersect each other at x = 4 and y = 5 .

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
8. find graphically the coordinates of the vertices of the
ED PR

triangle formed by the lines:

T

8y -3x+7 = 0 , 2x- y +4 = 0 and 5x + 4y = 29

©

Solution
It is given that
8y – 3x +7 = 0 , 2x –y + 4= 0 and 5x + 4y = 29

8y – 3x + 7 = 0
It can be written as

8y = 3x – 7
3𝑥−7
Y=
8
By giving different values to x, we obtain the corresponding
values of y
x -1 5 -3
y 1 1 -2
−
2

1
Now plot the points (1, − ) , (5,1) and (-3,-2) on the graph and
2
join them to obtain a line .

2x – y +4 = 0
It can be written as
2x = y – 4
𝑦−4
X=
2
N AT IS
By giving different values to y, we obtain the corresponding
C N
PY
values of x
O C D
O IO
D U AA

x
O
-2 -1 0
y 0 2 4
ED PR

Now plot the points (-2,0) (-1,2) and (0.4) on the graph and join
them to obtain another line.
©

5x + 4y = 29
It can be written as
5x = 29 – 4y
29−4𝑦
X=
5

x 5 1 -4
y 1 6 9
Now plot the points (5,1) (1,6) and (-4,9) on the graph and join
them to obtain another line .

These three lines intersect each other at (-3,-2) (1,5) and (1,6)
Hence the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by
these lines are (-3,-2) (1,5) and (1,6)

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

9. find graphically the coordinates of the vertices of the

©

triangle formed by the lines y -2 = 0 , 2y + x = 0 and y +1 =

3(x-2) . hence , find the area of the triangle formed by these
lines .

Solution
Y -2 = 0
It can be written as
Y = 2 which is parallel to x – axis

x 0 1 3
y 2 2 2

2y + x = 0
It can be written as
 X= -2y
x 0 -2 -4
y 0 1 2

Now plot the points (0,0) ,(-2,1) and (-4,2) on the graph and join
them to obtain a line .

Y + 1 = 3(x -2)

It can be written as
N AT IS
Y + 1 = 3x- 6
C N
PY
O C D

By giving different values to x, we obtain the corresponding

O IO
D U AA

values of y O
ED PR

x 1 2 3
y -4 -1 2
T
©
Now plot the points (-2,0),(-1,2) and (0,4) on the graph and join
them to obtain another line .

We can see that the three lines intersect each other .

Now the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle are
(2,1),(3,2)(4,-2) and
𝐵𝐶 ×𝐴𝐵
Area of triangle =
2
Substituting the values
7×3
=
N AT IS
2
21
= C N
PY
O C D

2
O IO
D U AA

= 10.5 cm2
O
ED PR

10. a line segment is of length 10 units and one of its end is (-

T

2,3) . if the ordinate of the other end is 9 , find the abscissa of

the other end .
©

Solution

Ordinates of the point on the other end (y) = 9

Consider abscissa = x
Distance between the two ends (-2,3) and (x , 9) =
√(𝑥 + 2)2 + (9 − 3)2

√(𝑥 + 2)2 + (6)2 = 10

Squaring on both sides

X2 + 4x+ 4 + 36 =100
By further calculation

X2 + 4x = 100 – 36 – 4
X2 + 4x – 60 = 0

It can be written as
N AT IS
C N
X2 + 10x – 6x – 60 = 0

PY
O C D
O IO
X(x+10) -6(x+10) = 0
D U AA

(x+10)(x-6) = 0
O
Here
ED PR

X + 10 = 0
T

So we get
©

X = -10

Similarly

X–6=0
X=6

Therefore, abscissa of the other end is – 10 or 6 .

11. A (-4,-1) ,B(-1,2) and C(𝜶,5) are the vertices of an isosceles
triangle . find the value of 𝜶 given that AB is the unequal
sides

Solution
It is given that
A(-4,-1) B(-1,2) and C(𝛼,5) are the vertices of an isosceles
triangle

AB is the unequal side

N AT IS
AC = BC
C N
PY
O C D

We know that
O IO
D U AA

AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
O
ED PR

Substituting the values

AC = √(𝛼 + 4)2 + (5 − 1)2
T
©

AC = √(𝛼 + 4)2 + (6)2

BC = √(𝛼 + 1)2 + (5 − 2)2

By further calculation
BC = √(𝛼 + 1)2 + (3)2

So we get

√(𝛼 + 4)2 + (6)2 = √(𝛼 + 1)2 + (3)2

By squaring on both sides

(𝛼+4)2 + 62 = (𝛼+1)2 + 32

Now expanding using formula

𝛼 2 + 8 𝛼 +16 + 36 = 𝛼2 + 2 𝛼 +1 + 9

By further calculation

8 𝛼 -2a = 1+ 9 -16 – 36
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

So we get
O IO
D U AA

O
6 𝛼= - 42
42
ED PR

𝛼 = − = −7
6
T

Therefore, the value of 𝛼 is – 7 .

©

12. if A(-3,2) , B (𝜶, 𝜷) and C(-1,4) are the vertices of an

isosceles triangle, prove that 𝜶 + 𝜷 = 1, given AB = BC .

Solution

It is given that
A(-3,2) , B (𝛼, 𝛽) and C(-1,4) are the vertices of an isosceles
triangle
AB = BC

Here
AB = √(𝛼 + 3)2 + (𝛽 − 2)2
BC = √(𝛼 + 1)2 + (𝛽 − 4)2

Now,
AB = BC
√(𝛼 + 3)2 + (𝛽 − 2)2 = √(𝛼 + 1)2 + (𝛽 − 4)2

By squaring on both sides

(𝛼 + 3)2 + (𝛽 − 2)2 = (𝛼 + 1)2 + (𝛽 − 4)2

Expanding using the formula

𝛼2 + 6 𝛼 + 9 + 𝛽 2 - 4 𝛽 + 4 = 𝛼2 + 2 𝛼 + 1+ 𝛽2 - 8 𝛽 + 16
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

By further calculation
O IO
6 𝛼 - 2 𝛼 - 4 𝛽 + 8 𝛽 = 16 – 9 – 4+1
D U AA

4𝛼+4𝛽=4
O
Dividing by 4
ED PR

𝛼+𝛽=1
T
©

Therefore , it is proved.

13. prove that the points(3,0) ,(6,4) and (-1,3) are the vertices
of a right angled isosceles triangle .

Solution:
Consider points A(3,0) ,B (6,4) and C(-1,3) are the vertices of a
right angled isosceles triangle.

AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Substituting the values

√(6 − 3)2 + (4 − 0)2

By further calculation

=√(3)2 + (4)2

= √9 + 16

= √25
=5

BC = √(−1 − 6)2 + (3 − 4)2

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

By further calculation
O IO
D U AA

√(−7)2 + (−1)2
O
ED PR

So we get
= √49 + 1
T

= √50
©

= √25 × 2
= 5√2

AC = √(−1 − 3)2 + (3 − 0)2

By further calculation

= √(−4)2 + (3)2

So we get
= √16 + 9
= √25

=5

Here

AB2 +AC2 = 52 + 52
So we get

= 25 + 25
= 50
= BC2
N AT IS
Therefore, it is proved.
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

14. (i) show that the points (2,1), (0,3) ,(-2,1) and (0,-1) taken
O
in order , are the vertices of a square . also find the area of the
ED PR

square .
T

(ii) show that the points (-3,2) ,(-5,-5) ,(2,-3) and (4,4) taken in
©

order , are the vertices of rhombus . also find its area. Do the
given points from square ?

Solution
(i) consider A(2,1) , B(0,3) , C(2,-1) and D(0,-1) taken in order are
the vertices of square

AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Substituting the values

= √(0 − 2)2 + (3 − 1)2

= √(2)2 + (2)2

So we get
= √4 + 4

= √8

BC = √(−2 − 0)2 + (1 − 3)2

By further calculation

= √−22 + (−2)2
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

So we get
O IO
D U AA

= √4 + 4 O
ED PR

= √8
T

CD = √(0 − 2)2 + (−1 − 1)2

©

By further calculation

= √(2)2 + (2)2

So we get
= √4 + 4

= √8

CA = √(2 − 0)2 + (1 + 1)2

By further calculation
= √(2)2 + (2)2 So we get
= √4 + 4

= √8

AB = BC = CD = DA

Here ABCD is a square with side √8

2
2
Area = side = √8 = 8 sq. Unit
N AT IS
(ii) consider A(-3,2) , B(-5,-5) , C(2,-3) and D(4,4) taken in
C N
PY
O C D

order , are the vertices of rhombus

O IO
D U AA

O
AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
ED PR

Substituting the values

T
©

= √(−5 + 3)2 + (−5 − 2)2

= √(−2)2 + (−7)2

So we get
√4 + 49

√53

BC = √(2 + 5)2 + (−3 + 5)2

By further calculation
= √(7)2 + (2)2

So we get
√4 + 49

√53

CD = √(4 − 2)2 + (4 + 3)2

By further calculation
= √(2)2 + (7)2
N AT IS
So we get
√4 + 49 C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

√53
O
ED PR

DA = √(−3 − 4)2 + (2 − 4)2

T

By further calculation
©

= √(−7)2 + (−2)2

So we get
√4 + 49

√53

AB = BC = CD = DA

Here ABCD is a square or rhombus

Diagonal AC = √(2 + 3)2 + (−3 − 2)2
By further calculation
= √52 + 52
So we get
√25 + 25

√50

BD = √(4 + 5)2 + (4 + 5)2

By further calculation

= √(9)2 + (9)2
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

So we get
O IO
D U AA

= √81 + 81 O
= √162
ED PR

= AC≠ BD
T

So ABCD is a rhombus not a square

©

We get

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
Area =
2

Substituting the values

162
= √50 × √
2

8100
=√
2
So we get
90
=
2

= 45 sq. Units

15 . The ends of a diagonal of a square have co – ordinates (-

2,p) and (p,2) . find p if the area of the square is 40 sq. Units .

Solution

It us given that
N AT IS
Ends of a diagonal of a square (-2,p) and (p,2)
C N
PY
Area of square = 40 sq. Units
O C D
O IO
Side = √40𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 2√10 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
D U AA

O
Diagonal = √2 × 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
ED PR

Substituting the values

T

=√2 × √40
©

So we get
= √80

= 4√5 unit

Diagonal AC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Substituting the values

√(𝑝 + 2)2 + (2 − 𝑝)2 = 16 × 5 = 80
Expanding using formula
P2 + 4p + 4 + 4 – 4p + p2 = 80

By further calculation

2p2 + 8 = 80
2p2 = 80 -8 = 72
So we get
72
P2 = = 36 = (±62 )
2

P=±6
N AT IS
C N
PY
Therefore, the value of p is (6,-6)
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
16. what type of quadrilateral do the points A(2,-2) , B(7,3),
C(11,-1) and D(6,-6) take in that order , from ?
ED PR

Solution
We know that
©

A(2,-2) , B(7,3), C(11,-1) and D(6,-6) take in that order are the
vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD

AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Substituting the values

= √(7 − 2)2 + (3 + 2)2

By further calculation

= √(5)2 + (5)2
= √25 + 25

= √50

BC = √(11 − 7)2 + (−1 − 3)2

By further calculation

= √42 + (−4)2

So we get
= √16 + 16
N AT IS
= √32
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

CD = √(6 − 11)2 + (−6 + 1)2

O
ED PR

By further calculation
T

= √(−5)2 + (−5)2
©

So we get
= √25 + 25
=√50

DA = √(6 − 2)2 + (−6 + 2)2

By further calculation

= √42 + (−42 )

So we get
= √16 + 16

= √32

Here AB = CD and BC = DA

Hence , ABCD is a rectangle as the opposite sides are equal.

17. find the coordinates of the centre of the circle passing

through the three given points A(5,1) ,B(-3-7) and C(7,-1)

Solution
N AT IS
C N
Consider (x,y) as the coordinates of the centre of the circle

PY
O C D

Points A(5,1) ,B(-3-7) and C(7,-1) are on the circle

O IO
D U AA

O
OA = OB = OC
ED PR

OA = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
T
©

Substituting the values

= √(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2

OB = √(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2

OC = √(𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2

Here OA2 = OB2 and OA2 = OC2

Now by equating both

(x-5)2 +(y-1)2 = (x+3)2 + (y+7)2

Expanding using the formulas

X2 – 10x + 25 + y2 -2y +1 = x2 + 6x+ 9 + y2 + 14y + 49

By further calculation

6x + 14y + 10x + 2y = -9 – 49 + 25 + 1

So we get N AT IS
16x + 16y = -32
C N
PY
O C D

Dividing by 16
O IO
D U AA

O
x+ y = -2
ED PR

x= -2 – y ...(i)
T
©

OA2 = OC2

Substituting the values

(x-5)2 + (y-1)2 = (x-7)2 +(y+1)2

Expanding using the formulas

X2 -10x +25 + y2 -2y +1 = x2 -14x + 49 + y2 +1 + 2y

By further calculation
-10x + 14x – 2y -2y = 49 + 1 – 25 – 1

So we get
4x – 4y = 24
Dividing by 4
x- y = 6...(2)

substituting the value of (1) in (2)

(-2 –y) – y = 6
-2 - y – y = 6

By further calculation

-2y = 6 +2
8
N AT IS
Y = − = −4
2
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
Substituting the value of y in equation(1)
D U AA

O
X = -2 – y
ED PR

X = - 2 – (-4)
T

So we get
©

X = -2 + 4 = 2

Therefore , the coordinates of the centre of the circle are (2,-4).