本試題共 6 頁第 1 頁

中國醫藥大學 111 學年度第 2 學期考試試卷 電腦卡作答 □ 加白紙 1 張 試題收回

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廖世傑、廖文伶、黃毓銓、梁文敏、王世
生物統計學 50 分鐘
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Multiple Choice Question (25 questions, 4 points for each question, Please mark your answers on the
answer card)
( ) 1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(A) Wilcoxon Sign-Rank test is suitable for testing whether the medians of two independent
populations are equal.
(B) Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test is suitable for testing whether the medians of two independent
populations are equal.
(C) Signed test is suitable for testing whether the median of a single parent population is a
certain value.
(D) All of the above statements are true.
Question Group I
A gastroenterologist wanted to explore the effect of taking probiotics on the body's inflammatory index
(the higher the value, the more serious the inflammation), collected 12 eligible patients and measured
the inflammatory index before and after the intervention. The data is as follows:
ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Inflammatory index 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.8 0.5 0.4
(Before)
Inflammatory index 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.1
(After)
Due to the small number of samples, the doctor wanted to use the Sign test in the no-matrix statistical
method to infer the impact of probiotics on the body's inflammatory index. The change of inflammatory
index refers to the inflammatory index after intervention minus the inflammatory index before
intervention. The statistical value of the test indicates the number of occurrences of positive signs, and
the statistical assumptions are as follows:
H 0 :median of change=0
H 1 : median of change ≠ 0.
Please answer questions 2 to 4 according to the above statements

( ) 2. If H 0 is true, what is the sampling distribution of the test statistic, D?

(A) D ~ Binomial distribution (n = 12, p = 0.5)
(B) D ~ Binomial distribution (n = 11, p = 0.8)
(C) D ~ Binomial distribution (n = 10, p = 0.5)
(D) D ~ Binomial distribution (n = 10, p = 0.8)
 本試題共 6 頁第 2 頁
( ) 3. What is the value of the statistic if the inference is made with an exact test? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4
(D) 5
( ) 4. What is the p-value of this test?
(A) 2*( [C 12 2 10 12 1 11 12 0 12
2 (0.5) (0.5) ] + [C 1 (0.5) (0.5) ] + [C 0 (0.5) (0.5) ] )

(B) 2*( [C 12 2 10 12 1 11 12 0 12
2 (0.8) (0.2) ] + [C 1 (0.8) (0.2) ] + [C 0 (0.8) (0.2) ] )

(C) 2*( [C 10 2 8 10 1 9 10 0 10
2 (0.5) (0.5) ] + [C 1 (0.5) (0.5) ] + [C 0 (0.5) (0.5) ] )

(D) 2*( [C 10 2 8 10 1 9 10 0 10
2 (0.8) (0.2) ] + [C 1 (0.8) (0.2) ] + [C 0 (0.8) (0.2) ] )

Question Group II
A study investigating the effect of second-hand smoke on birth weight of newborns observed 24
pregnant women who did not smoke There were three participant group: Group A included pregnant
women who were not exposed to second-hand smoke at work or at home, Group B included pregnant
women exposed to secondhand smoke only at work or only at home, and Group C included pregnant
women exposed to secondhand smoke both at work and at home.
The data is as follows:
Group A Group B Group C Average
Sample size 8 8 8
Average Birth Weight of 6.765 6.63 6.57 6.66
Newborns (lbs)
Standard deviation of 0.12 0.16 0.12
newborn birth weight (lbs)

The ANOVA table

Source of Sum of Degrees of Mean Squares F Value
p-value
Variation Square (SS) Freedom (df) (MS)
Between Group 0.158 2 0.08 (3) (4)
Within Group (1) 21 (2)
Total - 23
Let A, B, and C be the population mean of the mean body weight of the three groups of pregnant
women, respectively. Assuming that the birth weight of newborns obeys the normal distribution, and the
variance of different newborn groups is homoscedasticity. Using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to test
whether there is any difference in the average body weight of the three newborn groups ?
Please answer questions 5 to 11 according to the above statements

( ) 5. What is the alternative hypothesis, H1

（A）A＝B＝C
（B）ABC
（C）At most two of A, B, and C are equal
（D）At least two of A, B, and C are not equal
( ) 6. In the ANOVA table, what is the value of (1)（Sum of squares of within-group variation）?
（A）0.217（B）0.381（C）0.520（D）Insufficient information cannot be calculated
 本試題共 6 頁第 3 頁
( ) 7. In the ANOVA table, what is the value of (2)（Mean Squares）?
（A）0.018（B）0.308（C）0.520（D）Insufficient information cannot be calculated
( ) 8. In the ANOVA table, what is the value of (3), (F value) ?
（A）4.12（B）3.66（C）4.44（D）Insufficient information cannot be calculated
( ) 9. In the ANOVA table, what is the value of (4) (p-value) ?
（A） > 0.05（B）< 0.01 （C）the value is between 0.01and 0.025 （D）Insufficient information
cannot be calculated
( ) 10. If α is 0.05，based on the Bonferroni post hoc test, what is the modified alpha (α ¿ ¿ ?
（A）0.0167，0.95（B）0.0167，0.9833（C）0.05，0.95（D）0.025，0.975。
( ) 11. What is the degree of freedom (d.f.) of the Bonferroni post hoc test ?
(A) 2 (B) 21 (C) 22 (D) 23
Question Group III
The researchers wanted to test whether a linear relationship existed between subjects' salt intake (X) and
systolic blood pressure (Y). At the same time, the researchers wanted to describe the relationship
between the subject's salt intake (X) and systolic blood pressure (Y) in a simple linear regression model,
μy|x=α+βx.

The data is as follows:

Participants’ salt intake and systolic blood pressure (n=12)
Systolic blood Salt intake Systolic blood Salt intake
ID pressure (Y) (X) ID pressure (Y) (X)
1 153 6.7 7 165 6.8
2 168 7.1 8 185 7.4
3 162 6.8 9 178 7.2
4 176 7.2 10 184 7.3
5 189 7.4 11 138 5.9
6 156 6.9 12 142 6.4
n=12
n n n
∑ ( x i− x̄ )2 ∑ ( y i− ȳ )2 ∑ ( x i− x̄ )( y i − ȳ )
i=1 i=1 i=1
=0.18 、 =258.89 、 =6.52

Please answer questions 12 to 18 according to the above statements

( ) 12. What is the Pearson’s correlation coefficient?
(A) 0.75 (B) 0.90 (C) 0.95 (D) 0.80
H 0 : ρ=0
( ) 13. Ifα=0.05 and ，the statistics, t=9.59，what the critical value is?
(A) 2.262 (B) 2.228 (C) 2.201 (D) 2.179
( ) 14. In a simple linear regression model, μy|x=α+βx, Salt intake (X) is
(A) Independent Variable (B) Dependent Variable (C) Response Variable
(D) Regression coefficient
( ) 15. If the linear regression model of between the subject's salt intake (X) and systolic blood pressure
(Y) is μy|x= -81.8 + 35.8*X, and X=6, please estimate the expected value of systolic blood
pressure (Y).
 本試題共 6 頁第 4 頁
(A) 133 (B) 140 (C) 128 (D) 125
H 0 :β=0
( ) 16. In μy|x= α+ β*Xmodel, if α is 0.05，what is the statistics of hypothesis of and the
decision?
(A) 2.201, Reject H0
(B) 2.228, Don’t reject H0
(C) 9.59, Reject H0
(D) 10.59, Don’t reject H0
( ) 17. Which statements is NOT the assumptions associated with a linear regression model:
(A) Normality: For any fixed value of X, Y is normally distributed.
(B) Linearity: The relationship between the mean of X (Independent Variable) and the mean
of Y (Dependent Variable) is linear.
(C) Independence: Observations are independent of each other.
(D) Homoscedasticity: The variance of residual is the same for any value of X.
R2
( ) 18. Which interpretation of the coefficient of determination, , in simple regression analysis is

wrong?
R2 =
(A) r2, where r is the coefficient of Pearson correlation.

R2
(B) the value of is between 0.00 and 1.00.

R2
(C) The coefficient of determination, , is a measurement used to explain how much

variability of independent variable can be caused by its relationship to another related factor.
R2
(D) The coefficient of determination, , is a measurement used to explain how much

variability of dependent variable can be caused by its relationship to another related factor.
Question Group IV
By random sampling method, 150 male smokers over 65 years old were selected, and 60 of them were
found to be suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease. Please use appropriate statistical methods to verify the relationship between smoking and the
occurrence of COPD.

Smoker Non-smoker
With COPD 60 20
Without COPD 90 180
Total 150 200
Please answer questions 19 to 22 according to the above statements

( ) 19. Which one is the most suitable statistical test method?

(A) Chi-Square Test (B) Pairwise t-test (C) McNemar test (D) ANOVA test
( ) 20. What is the statistics?
 本試題共 6 頁第 5 頁
(A) 37.75
(B) 40.75
(C) 43.75
(D) 46.75
( ) 21. What is the critical value?
(A) 34.29 (B) 2.22 (C) 77.78 (D) 45.71
( ) 22. What is the Odds Ratio of COPD between non-smoker?
(A) Reject H0, smoking not significantly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(B) Don’t reject H0, smoking not significantly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease
(C) Reject H0, smoking significantly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(D) Don’t reject H0, smoking not significantly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease

Question Group V
For 30 lung cancer patients, the researchers selected a non-lung cancer patient as a control group
according to the age and gender of the lung cancer patients, and asked them whether they smoked. The
data is as follows:
(0,1) (1,0) (0,0) (0,1) (1,0) (1,1)
(1,1) (1,0) (0,1) (0,0) (0,0) (1,0)
(1,1) (0,0) (1,0) (0,0) (1,1) (0,0)
(1,0) (1,0) (0,1) (1,0) (1,1) (1,0)
(1,0) (0,0) (0,0) (1,1) (0,0) (1,1)
(a,b): a and b represent the smoking status of the lung cancer cases and the smoking status of the paired control cases,
respectively.
(1,1) indicates that both subjects are smokers; (0,0) indicates that both subjects are non-smokers, (1,0) indicates that subjects
with lung cancer who smoke and control subjects who do not smoke, (0,1) indicates that non-smoking subjects with lung
cancer and smokers in control subjects.
The results are as follows:

Control Group
Lung cancer patient Non-smoking
Smoking (1)
(0)
Smoking (1) 7 10
Non-smoking (0) 4 9

Please answer questions 23 to 25 according to the above statements

( ) 23. Which one is the most suitable statistical test method?
(A) McNemar test (B) Pairwise t-test (C) Chi-Square Test (D) ANOVA test
( ) 24. What is the statistics and decision?
(A) 3.28，Reject H0
 本試題共 6 頁第 6 頁
(B) 3.92，Don’t reject H0
(C) 2.57，Reject H0
(D) 4.24，Reject H0
( ) 25. What is the critical value?
(A) 9.49
(B) 7.81
(C) 5.99
(D) 3.84
 本試題共 6 頁第 7 頁

1. 參考公式：
n n(n+1 ) nS ( n S + nL +1 )
D− T− W−
2 4 2
• • •
Z= Z= Z=
√n /4 或 D ~ Binomial (n , p=0 .5 ) √n (n+1)(2 n+1 )/24 √n S nL ( n S +n L +1)/ 12
(Oij−E ij )2
R C
(|O12−O 21|)2 n(ad-bc )2
X =∑ ∑
2
X 2= X = 2

• i=1 j=1 Eij • • (O12 +O 21 ) (a+c )(b+d )(a+b)( c+d )

n × x̄ +n × x̄ +. . .+ n × x̄
• x̄ :總樣本平均數
1 1 2 2 k k
=
n ；
ni :各小組樣本數 x̄ i :各小組平均數 k :組別數

k
SSB=∑ ni ( x̄ i − x̄ )2 =n1 ( x̄ 1 − x̄ )2 + n2 ( x̄ 2 − x̄ )2 +. .. . ..+n k ( x̄ k − x̄ )2
• i=1

ni
k k
SSW=∑ ∑ ( x ij − x̄i )2 =∑ ( ni −1)s 2i =(n 1−1) s21 +(n2 −1) s 22 +. . .. ..+(nk −1)s 2k
• i=1 j=1 i=1

( X̄ i− X̄ j )
t=

√
s2Β SSB/ ( k−1 ) 1 1 r −0
F= = s 2W ( + ) t=
• s 2W SSW /( n−k )
• ni n j • √(1−r 2 )/( n−2 )
n ^
β−0

√∑
t= ¿

^
∑ i=1
¿ ( x i −x̄ )( y i −ȳ )
s y|x n
1
)
β= n
¿¿

• ∑ i=1
¿ ( x i −x̄ )2
• ^ ȳ − β^ x̄
α= • i =1
¿ ( x i− x̄ )2

• =

√ s( μ^ y|x )=s
√ x − x̄ ) 2
n (
∑ ( yi − y^ i )
2 1 i
y|x × +
n n
∑ ( x i− x̄ )
•s •
2
i=1
y|x= n−2 i=1

s( β^ )=s
√ s( α^ )=s
√
1 1 x̄ 2
y|x× +
y|x× n n n
∑ ( x i − x̄) ∑ ( x i− x̄ )
2 2

• n
i=1 • n
i=1

∑ ( x i− x̄ )( y i− ȳ ) ∑ ( R x − R̄ x )( R y − R̄ y )
i i
i=1 i=1
r= r s=

√[ ][ ] • √[ ][ ]
n n n n

∑ ( xi − x̄ )2 ∑ ( y i − ȳ )2 ∑ ( R x − R̄ x )2 ∑ ( R y − R̄ y )2
• i =1 i=1 i=1
i
i=1
i
 本試題共 6 頁第 8 頁

• μ^ y|x ± t n−2 ,
α s ×s (
2
^
μ y|x )
 本試題共 6 頁第 9 頁

2. 機率分布對照表
表 1 標準常態分布右尾機率（α ）對照表
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5 0.496 0.492 0.488 0.484 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.409 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.352 0.3483
0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.33 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
0.5 0.3085 0.305 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.281 0.2776
0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
0.7 0.242 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
0.8 0.2119 0.209 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.166 0.1635 0.1611
1 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.123 0.121 0.119 0.117
1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.102 0.1003 0.0985
1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.063 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.025 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.017 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.015 0.0146 0.0143
2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.011
2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
2.4 0.0082 0.008 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
2.5 0.0062 0.006 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.004 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.003 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.002 0.0019
2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.001 0.001

Pr (Z≥z )=α Pr (Z≥1. 96 )=0 . 025 α =0 . 025

註： ，z 由第一欄及第一列獲得，例如 ，
註：第一欄：z 值的個位及小數 1 位，第一列：z 值的小數 2 位

2
表 2 卡方分布第(1−α)*100 個百分位(記為 χ df,α )對照表
α
df
0.975 0.95 0.9 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.01
1 0.001 0.0039 0.0158 2.7055 3.8415 5.0239 6.6349
2 0.0506 0.1026 0.2107 4.6052 5.9915 7.3778 9.2103
 本試題共 6 頁第 10 頁
3 0.2158 0.3518 0.5844 6.2514 7.8147 9.3484 11.3449
4 0.4844 0.7107 1.0636 7.7794 9.4877 11.1433 13.2767
5 0.8312 1.1455 1.6103 9.2364 11.0705 12.8325 15.0863

F df
表 3 F 分布第(1−α)∗100 個百分位(即 1
,df 2 ,α
)對照表
分子自由度(df1)
分母自由度(df2) 右尾面積
2 3 4 5 6
20 0.100 2.5893 2.3801 2.2489 2.1582 2.0913
0.050 3.4928 3.0984 2.8661 2.7109 2.5990
0.025 4.4613 3.8587 3.5147 3.2891 3.1283
0.010 5.8489 4.9382 4.4307 4.1027 3.8714
0.005 6.9865 5.8177 5.1743 4.7616 4.4721
21 0.100 2.5746 2.3649 2.2333 2.1423 2.0751
0.050 3.4668 3.0725 2.8401 2.6848 2.5727
0.025 4.4199 3.8188 3.4754 3.2501 3.0895
0.010 5.7804 4.8740 4.3688 4.0421 3.8117
0.005 6.8914 5.7304 5.0911 4.6809 4.3931
22 0.100 2.5613 2.3512 2.2193 2.1279 2.0605
0.050 3.4434 3.0491 2.8167 2.6613 2.5491
0.025 4.3828 3.7829 3.4401 3.2151 3.0546
0.010 5.7190 4.8166 4.3134 3.9880 3.7583
0.005 6.8064 5.6524 5.0168 4.6088 4.3225
23 0.100 2.5493 2.3387 2.2065 2.1149 2.0472
0.050 3.4221 3.0280 2.7955 2.6400 2.5277
0.025 4.3492 3.7505 3.4083 3.1835 3.0232
0.010 5.6637 4.7649 4.2636 3.9392 3.7102
0.005 6.7300 5.5823 4.9500 4.5441 4.2591
24 0.100 2.5383 2.3274 2.1949 2.1030 2.0351
0.050 3.4028 3.0088 2.7763 2.6207 2.5082
0.025 4.3187 3.7211 3.3794 3.1548 2.9946
0.010 5.6136 4.7181 4.2184 3.8951 3.6667
0.005 6.6609 5.5190 4.8898 4.4857 4.2019
 本試題共 6 頁第 11 頁

(1−α)∗100 t df,α
表 4 t 分布第 個百分位(記為 )對照表
α

df 0.10 0.050 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0005

1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 636.619
2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 31.599
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 12.924
4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 8.610
5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 6.869

6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.959

7 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 5.408
8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 5.041
9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.781
10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.587

11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.437

12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 4.318
13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 4.221
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 4.140
15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 4.073

16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 4.015

17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.965
18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.922
19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.883
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.850

21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.819

22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.792
23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.768
24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.745
25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.725

…
40 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.551
50 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.496
60 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.460
70 1.294 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 3.435
80 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.416
 本試題共 6 頁第 12 頁
96 1.290 1.661 1.985 2.366 2.628 3.395
97 1.290 1.661 1.985 2.365 2.627 3.394
100 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.390
∞ 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.327 2.576 3.291