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Types and Mechanics of Threaded Fasteners

Threaded fasteners such as screws and bolts are used to hold machine parts together by forming helical grooves on cylindrical surfaces. There are different types of screw threads including triangular, square, and Acme threads. Force and stress analyses can be performed on power screws to determine the torque required to raise or lower loads. Stresses in the threaded components are estimated based on bending, shear, bearing pressure, and torsional stresses. Fasteners are called screws if used with tapped holes and bolts if used with nuts.

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Mahesh Bajantri
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115 views17 pages

Types and Mechanics of Threaded Fasteners

Threaded fasteners such as screws and bolts are used to hold machine parts together by forming helical grooves on cylindrical surfaces. There are different types of screw threads including triangular, square, and Acme threads. Force and stress analyses can be performed on power screws to determine the torque required to raise or lower loads. Stresses in the threaded components are estimated based on bending, shear, bearing pressure, and torsional stresses. Fasteners are called screws if used with tapped holes and bolts if used with nuts.

Uploaded by

Mahesh Bajantri
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Threaded Fasteners
  • Forms of Screw Threads
  • Mechanics of Power Screws
  • Force Analysis
  • Stress Analysis

Threaded fasteners

Used for holding two or more machine parts together or for adjusting one part with relation to another Screw threads are formed by cutting a helical groove on a cylindrical surface

Forms of screw threads


Triangular or V-threads Square threads

Square Thread forms

Acme thread is most common Widely used in machine tools

Triangular or V-threads

Thread Proportions

Tensile Stress Area ( At )

Cross sectional area of the rod having a diameter equal to the mean of the pitch diameter and minor (or root) diameter

Metric threads are specified by writing the diameter and the pitch in millimeters in that order

Ex: M 12 1.75 is a thread having a nominal major diameter of 12 mm and a pitch of 1.75 mm

Mechanics of Power Screws

Power screw is a device used in machinery to change angular motion into linear motion and, usually to transmit power

Ex: Lead screws of lathes, screws for vises, presses and jacks

In a screw jack, the torque T required to raise a load and to lower it are of prime importance Another parameter is the efficiency

Depends on the thread geometry and the coefficient of friction

Self-locking when a finite torque is required for lowering Overhauling occurs when the lowering torque becomes zero

Force Analysis for a square threaded power screw

Imagine the thread to be unrolled

For lifting the load

FH = P N sin N cos = 0 FV = F + N sin N cos = 0

For lowering the load

FH = P N sin + N cos = 0 FV = F N sin N cos = 0

Force Diagram : (a) Lifting the load (b) Lowering the load

Force Analysis (contd)

For raising the load, the force required is F ( sin + cos ) P= cos sin For lowering the load,

F ( cos sin P= cos + sin

The corresponding torques required are given by,

Pd m T= 2

, where

dm

is the mean diameter

For an acme threaded power screw with collar of mean diameter, dc, the torque equation is suitably modified

Force Analysis (contd)

For an Acme thread of included angle , it can be shown that the torque required to raise the load is,
cos tan + T = F rm cos tan dc + c 2

For lowering the load,


cos tan + T = F rm cos + tan

dc + c 2

c is the collar friction coefficient

Force Analysis (contd)

If there is no friction ( = c= 0 ), the torque required to raise the load is,

Fl T0 = 2

The efficiency is then defined as,

T0 = T

Stress Analysis

Stresses in the thread are estimated by considering the thread to be a short cantilever beam projecting from the root cylinder Bending stress, Shear stress,
b

My Fh 2 b 2 = I ( 2 rm n ) b3 12
Some designers use ri instead of rm

F s= 2 nrm b

Bearing pressure between the surfaces of screw and nut threads, p = F ( 2 nrm h ) Stresses in the root cylinder

Torsional shear stress,

= 2T ( ri )
2

Direct tensile (or compressive) stress,

= F root area = F ( ri ) or

F stress area

Threaded Fasteners

Fasteners are named according to how they are intended to be used

If the primary purpose is assembly into a tapped hole, it is a screw

Tightened by exerting torque on the head

If the product is intended to be used with a nut, it is a bolt

Tightened by exerting torque on the nut

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Small press operated by power screws

Threaded fasteners  Used for holding two or more machine parts together or for adjusting one part with relation to another
Forms of screw threads  Triangular or V-threads  Square threads
Square Thread forms  Acme thread is most common  Widely used in machine tools
Triangular or V-threads  Thread Proportions
 Tensile Stress Area ( At )  Cross sectional area of the rod having a diameter equal to the mean of the pitch diameter and
Mechanics of Power Screws  Power screw is a device used in machinery to change angular motion into linear motion and, usual
 Force Analysis for a square threaded power screw  Imagine the thread to be unrolled  For lifting the load  For lowering
Force Analysis (contd…)  For raising the load, the force required is  For lowering the load,  The corresponding torques re
 For an acme threaded power screw with collar of mean diameter, dc, the torque equation is suitably modified

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