Chapter 4 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Table of Contents
4.1 CONCEPTS
4.2 FORMING LINEAR EQUATIONS
4.3 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF EQUATION
4.4 ESSENTIALS

CONCEPTS
What is Linear equation in two variables ?
 As the name itself suggests, It is an equation with two variables (alphabets) and a degree of 1
(linear). E.g. 2 x+3 y =20
Standard form of a linear equation in two variables  ax +by + c=0

Solution of an equation has various names such as Zeroes = Roots = Solution = Value of x∧ y .

Write each of the following equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the values of a, b
and c in each case:

Equation a b c
(i) 2x + 3y = 4.37 2 3 – 4.37
(ii) x – 4 = 3y 1 –3 –4
(iii) 4 = 5x – 3y 5 –3 –4
(iv) 2x = y 2 –1 0

Write each of the following as an equation in two variables:

Equation Linear Equations in two variables

(i) x = –5 1 x+ 0 y =– 5 ,∨1 x +0 y +5=0
(ii) y = 2 0 x +1 y =2 ,∨0 x +1 y – 2=0
(iii) 2x = 3 2 x+ 0 y – 3=0
(iv) 5y = 2 0 x +5 y – 2=0
Find four different solutions of the equation x + 2y = 6. By putting
 (i) x = 0 (ii) y = 0 (iii) x = 2 (iv) y = 2
x + 2y = 6 x + 2y = 6 x + 2y = 6 x + 2y = 6
0 + 2y = 6 0 + 2y = 6 0 + 2y = 6 0 + 2y = 6
2y = 6 2y = 6 2y = 6 2y = 6
y=3 y=3 y=3 y=3

Find the value of k, if x = 2, y = 1 is a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = k.

2x + 3y = k
2 (2) + 3 (1) = k
4+3=k
k=7

FORMING LINEAR EQUATIONS

Example: The cost of a notebook is twice the cost of a pen. Write a linear equation in two
variables to represent this statement. (Take the cost of a notebook to be x and that of a pen to
be y).
One notebooks cost is double the cost of one pen.

doubl
One notebooks cost is the cost of one pen.
e
x ¿ 2 y
Hence, x=2 y

Lets Practice:
1. In a one-day international cricket match, Raina and Dhoni together scored 198 runs.
Express the statements as a linear equation in two variables.
Ans.
2. The cost of a table is 100 more than half the cost of a chair. Write this statement as a linear
equation in two variables.

Ans.

3. Write linear equation representing a line which is parallel to y-axis and is at a distance of 2 units on
the left side of y-axis.

Ans.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
EQUATION
 Equations are expressed on the graph in the form of points and lines.
Lets, Draw the graph of an equation x + y = 7.
Put the value of x=0 , then y=7−x=7−0=7
Put the value of y=0 , then x=7− y=7−0=7

x 0 7

y 7 0

Example: Draw the graph of an equation y = 2x + 4

Put the value of x=0 , then y=2 x +4=2 ( 0 ) + 4=4
y−4 0−4
Put the value of y=0 , then x= 2 = 2 =−2
 x 0 4

y −2 0

Example: Give the geometric representations of x = – 4 as an equation

(i) in one variable (Plot Point)
(ii) in two variables (Draw line for equation)

(ii)

(i)
ESSENTIALS
1. Linear equation x – 2 = 0 is parallel to which axis ?
x
2. Express x in term of y: + 2y = 6.
7
3. If we multiply or divide both sides of a linear equation with a non-zero number, then what will
happen to the solution of the linear equation ?.
4. Find the value of k for which x = 0, y = 8 is a solution of 3x – 6y = k.
5. Write the equation of a line which is parallel to x-axis and is at a distance of 2 units from the
origin.
6. Find ‘a’, if linear equation 3x – ay = 6 has one solution as (4, 3).
7. Cost of a pen is two and half times the cost of a pencil. Express this situation as a linear equation
in two variables.
8. In an one day international cricket match, Raina and Dhoni together scored 198 runs. Express
the statement as a linear equation in two variables.
9. The cost of a table is 100 more than half the cost of a chair. Write this statement as a linear
equation in two variables.
10. Write linear equation representing a line which is parallel to y-axis and is at a distance of 2
units on the left side of y-axis.
11. In some countries temperature is measured in Fahrenheit, whereas in countries like India it is
measured in Celsius. Here is a linear equation that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius:
12. Give equation of two lines on same plane which are intersecting at the point (2, 3).
13. If ax + 3y = 25, write y in terms of x and also, find the two solutions of this equation.
14. Find the value of k, if (1, -1) is a solution of the equation 3x – ky = 8. Also, find the coordinates
of another point lying on its graph.
15. Let y varies directly as x. If y = 12 when x = 4, then write a linear equation. What is the value of
y, when x = 5?
16. A fraction becomes, when 2 is subtracted from the numerator and 3 is added to the
denominator. Represent this situation as a linear equation in two variables. Also, find two
solutions for this.
17. The path of an aeroplane is given by the equation 3x – 4y = 1 2: Represent the path graphically.
Also, show that the point (-4, -6) lies on the graph.
18. Plot the points (0, – 3), (4, 0) on the graph and join them to get the required graph. From the
graph, we see, when
19. Express y in terms of x for the equation 3x – 4y + 7 = 0. Check whether the points (23, 4)
7
and (0, ) lie on the graph of this equation or not.
4
20. Draw the graph using the values of x, y as given in the above table. At what points the graph of
the linear equation : (i) cuts the x-axis (ii) cuts the y-axis
21. Write the
equations of the
lines drawn in
following graph :

22. If (2, 3) and (4, 0) lie on the graph of equation ax + by = 1. Find the value of a and b. Plot the
graph of equation obtained.
23. Draw the graphs of the following equations on the same graph sheet :
x = 4, x = 2, y = 1 and y – 3 = 0.
24. Cost of 1 pen is ₹ x and that of 1 pencil is ₹ y. Cost of 2 pens and 3 pencils together is ₹ 18.
Write a linear equation which satisfies this data. Draw the graph for the same.
25. Sum of two numbers is 8. Write this in the form of a linear equation in two variables. Also, draw
the line given by this equation. Find graphically the numbers, if difference between them is 2.
26. Solve for y :
27. Mrs. Sharma lost her purse containing 50 rupee and 100-rupee notes amount to 1500 in a shop.
Next day shopkeeper found the purse during dusting. He immediately went to Mrs. Sharma’s house
and returned the purse and rupees. Mrs. Sharma appreciates the shopkeeper for his act.
(i) Represent the situation as an equation and draw the graph.
(ii) What value do you learn from shopkeeper’s act?