Lesson 1 -Orthodox economists insist that all we need is more

Human flourishing is the ability to live a good life growth

- Rooted in Aristotelian ethics - In other words, growth isn’t an option anymore as
- It values health intrinsically and applies to all we’ve already grown too much
human lives
- It embrace our shared humanity and serves - Right now, our planet only has enough resources for
everyone’s interest each of us to consume 1.8 “global hectares” annually - a
standardized unit that measures resource use and
Example of Human Flourishing waste
- Human flourishing includes basic or ‘generic’ goods
and virtues What does this mean for our theory of development?
Goods: - Economist Peter Edward argues that instead of
- Knowledge, health, friendship, creative pushing poorer countries to “catch up” with
achievement, beauty, and pleasure rich ones, we should be thinking of ways to get
Virtues (or rational dispositions): rich countries to “catch down” to appropriate
- Integrity, temperance, courage, and justice levels of development

How do we know that we are progressing? What are Lesson 2

the indicators of development? Aristotle
- Many infrastructures are built and more - ancient greek philosopher known for his
technology exists natural philosophy, logic, and political theory
- More often than not, development is equated - one of the greatest thinkers in the history of
with growth and greater consumption. The western science and philosophy, making contributions
more that a population consumes, the to logic, metaphysics, physics, mathematics, biology,
wealthier it is. botany, ethics, agriculture, medicine, dance, and
theatre
Jason Hickel - He is the first to classify areas of human
- An anthropologist at London School of knowledge into distinct disciplines such as
Economics, the University of Virginia, and mathematics, biology, and ethics
Goldsmiths, University of London, where he - founder of the Lyceum, the first scientific
convenes the MA in Anthropology and Cultural institute, based on athens, Greece
Politics - one of the strongest advocates of a liberal arts
- He challenges us to rethink and reflect on a education, which stresses the education of the whole
different paradigm of “de-development” person including one’s moral, character rather than
merely learning a set of skills
De-development refers to making every’s country’s
economy equal and slowing down the growth of rich Nicomachean Ethics
countries, such as those in North America and Europe - All human activities aim at some good
to make sure that we can become sustainable - Every art and human inquiry and similarly
- Presently, rich countries over-consume every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at
resources while poorer countries do not have some good; and for this reason the good has
enough been rightly declared as that at which all things
aim
“Forget ‘developing’ poor countries, it’s time to
‘de-develop’ rich countries” - Jason Hickel What is meant by “good life”
- Living in comfort and luxury with few problems
- Heads of states are gathering in NY to sign the UN’s or worries
new Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The main - Characterized by happiness from living and
objective is to eradicate poverty by 2030. doing well
- Content
- Growth has been the main objective of development
for the past 70 years, despite the fact that it is not Eudaimonia
working - Came from the Greek word “eu” meaning
“good” and “daimon” meaning “spirit”
 - Refers to the good life marked by happiness - Central purpose of human life and a goal in
and excellence itself
- Flourishing life with meaningful endeavors that - Depends on the cultivation of virtue
empower the human person to be the best - A genuinely happy life required the fulfillment
version of himself/herself of a broad range of conditions, including
physical as well as mental well-being
Aristotle’s View of a Good Life
The activity of the soul in accordance with virtue Happiness as the Ultimate Purpose of Human
- Believed that good for humans is the maximum Existence
realization of what was unique to humans - Happiness is a final end or goal that
- The good for humans to reason well encompasses the totality of one’s life
- The task of reason was to teach humans how to - It is not something that can be gained or lost in
act virtuously, and the exercise faculties in a few hours, like pleasurable sensations
accordance with virtue - It is more like the ultimate value of your life as
lived up to this moment, measuring how well
Virtue/s you have lived up to your full potential as a
- Behavior showing high moral standards human being
- “Paragons of virtue”
- Synonyms: goodness, virtuousness, Science and Technology and Good Life
righteousness, morality, ethicalness, - S&T is also the movement towards good life
uprightness, upstandingness, integrity, dignity, - S&T are one of the highest expressions of
rectitude, honesty, honorableness, honorability, human faculties
honor, incorruptibility, probity, propriety, - S&T allows us to thrive and flourish if we desire
nobleness, worthiness, worth, good, - S&T may corrupt a person
trustworthiness, meritoriousness, - S&T with virtue can help an individual to be out
irreproachableness, blamelessness, purity, of danger
pureness, lack of corruption, merit, principles,
high principles, ethics “Life is good! It is only our thoughts, choices
and actions towards the situations we meet in life each
Nicomachean Ethics moment of time that makes life look bad! The same bad
Virtue, then, being two kinds, intellectual and moral situation in life that makes one person think badly
- Intellectual virtue in the main owes its birth inspires another to do a noble thing! The same good
and growth in teaching (for its reason it situation in life that makes one person feel so good to
requires experience and time) get into a bad situation inspires another person to
- Moral virtue comes about as a result of habit create another good situation because of the good
situation. It is all about thoughts, choices and actions!
Intellectual Virtue Life is good! Live it well!“
- Theoretical wisdom (thinking and truth) — Ernest Agyemang Yeboah
- Practical wisdom
- Understanding Lesson 3
- Experience and time are necessary Technology
requirements for the development of - Came from the greek word “techne” meaning
intellectual virtue art and “logos” meaning word
- A discourse on art (Buchanan, 2010)
Moral Virtue
- Controlled by practical wisdom (ability to make Technological Advancements in Society
right judgment) - In one way or another, each person in the
- Owed its development to how one nurtured it society is directly or indirectly affected by
as habit technology whether he wills it or not
- Can be learned - Most people survive their everyday lives with
great reliance to the different technological
Happiness to Aristotle advancements already available to the masses
- “Happiness depends on ourselves” - Technology is already an inevitable part of the
society
 - Motorola DynaTAC 8000x in 1983
Technology helps with:
- Convenience Computer and Laptops
- Pleasure - Not possible for all filipino families to own at
- Happiness least one computer or laptop
- Communication - Most profits gained by computer and laptop
But anything too much is bad manufacturer come from offices, businesses, or
- Various ethical dilemmas involve the use of schools
technological devices - Growing number of internet users in the PH,
- Misuse or invention to produce bad results problem regarding internet providers
- Released in June 1981 by the Osborne Computer
Television Corporation, the Osborne 1 is considered to be
- According to Kantar Media, in the PH, 92% of the 1st true portable, full-featured computer
urban homes and 70% of rural homes own at
least one television set Facts About Filipinos and their Use of Gadgets and the
- Household with TV set reached 15.135M Internet
What would these imply? - Mobile phone subscription is at 119M
- Ultimate medium for advertisement - 3.2hrs on mobile, 5.2hrs on desktop daily
placements - PH has one of the highest digital populations in
- Almost all use this particular type of device the world
- Television plays a great role in the lives of the - 47M active FB accounts
people - Fastest-growing application market in SEA

Paul Gottlieb Nipkow Roles Played by these Technological Advancements

- Late 1800s - Television sets
- Successful in his attempt to send messages - Mobile phones
through wires with the aid of a rotating metal - Computers and laptops
dish (Nipkow disk)
- “Electric telescope” - 18 lines of resolution Ethical Dilemmas
1. Most parents would argue that these devices
Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton & Boris Rosing make their children lazy and unhealthy
- New system of television using the cathode ray 2. People are feely exposed to different things in
tube in addition to the mechanical scanner televisions, mobile phones, computers and
system laptops

Mobile Phones Ethics of Responsibility

- Filipinos love to use their mobile phones - “Responsibility” in the sense of being
anywhere, anytime accountable for and accountable to is very
- More than half of the Filipino population own at appropriate to the ethics of technology
least one mobile phone regardless of type.
- 2010 - Synovate declared 67% product Robotics and Humanity
ownership in the country
- Mobile phones are considered a must have Robot
among your Filipinos (ABS-CBN, 2010) - An actuated mechanism programmable in two
- 1 out of 3 Filipinos cannot live without a mobile or more axes with a degree of autonomy.
phone - Ipsos Media Atlas Philippines Moving within its environment, to perform
Nationwide Urban 2011-2012 survey intended tasks

Martin Cooper Autonomy

- Senior engineer at Motorola - Ability to perform intended tasks based on
- Weighed 1.1kg current state and sensing without human
- Measured 228.6 x 127 x 44.4mm intervention
- 30-minute talk time
- 10 hours to charge
Service Robot - Who should be held accountable if someone’s
- A robot that performs useful tasks for humans safety is compromised by a robot?
or equipment excluding industrial application - Who should be blamed, the robot, the agent
- A robot may be classified according to its using the robot, or the maker/inventor of the
intended application as an industrial robot ot robot?
service robot 2.) Emotional Component
- It is not completely impossible for robots to
Personal Service Robot develop emotions
- “Service robot for personal use” - What if robots become sentient?
- Used for noncommercial task, usually by - Should they be granted robot rights?
laypersons
- Examples: domestic servant robot, automated Lesson 4
wheelchair, personality mobility assist robot, Information Society
pet exercising robot
Technology as a Source of Information
Professional Service robot
- For professional use Information
- Used for commercial task, usually operated by a - Facts about a situation, person, event, etc.
properly trained operator - Facts provided or learned about something or
- Cleaning robot for public places, delivery robot, someone
firefighting robot, rehabilitation robot, surgery - What is conveyed or represented by a
robot particular arrangement or sequence of things
- Communicate meaning
George Devol
- American inventor known for developing Word
Unimate, the first material handling robot - A combination of sounds that represents
employed in industrial production work something.
- It is this significance which makes words
Roles Played by Robotics distinct from just any kind of vocal utterance.
- Ease the workload of mankind - Words are made up of sounds and yet they
- Make life more efficient and less stressful transmit something more significant.
- Perform complicated activities - They transmit a message. The words are
- Pleasure, entertainment in parks “informed” because they carry “information”
- Toys, child friendly (Chaisson, 2006; Ben-Naim, 2015)
- Used in movies
The Power of Words and Language
Isaac Asimov - The scientific search for truth recognized the
- American writer and professor of biochemistry usefulness of language and the ability it gave to
at Boston University make sense of nature
- Formulated the Laws of Robot - Words can function across space and time
without reducing their meaning
Three Laws of Robotics - Thinking in terms of a summon system being
1.) A robot may not injure a human being or, generated by a speaker and received by the
through inaction, allow a human being to come listener is useful in the pursuit of knowledge
to harm
2.) A robot must obey orders given to it by human The Role of Language in the Quest
beings except where such orders would - Mainly used for linguistic communication
conflict with the 1st law - Basis of human progress
3.) A robot must protect its own existence as long - Central to one's identity as an individual
as such protection does not conflict with the - As a marker of a social group
1st or 2nd Law
In the human quest for understanding the natural
Ethical Dilemmas faced by Robotics world, the ability to name and classify objects found in
1.) Safety
nature was seen as a first step in knowing. Thus, the - Technology is taking over our world, we live in
scientific search for truth early on recognized the an age where most, if not all of us use
usefulness of language and the ability it gave to make technological devices allday, every day.
sense of nature. - We are constantly using technology

- For the ancient Greeks, language was an object The Printing Press
worthy of admiration - Preservation of words
- Words have power - Transform culture
- Science, from the Latin word scire (meaning to - Its development in 15th century is regarded as
know), is one kind of knowledge the Greeks the beginning of a true revolution
wanted to understand. - Allowed words and scientific ideas to establish
- The idea of comprehending words as more a view of nature anchored in scholarly works
than just combinations of sounds led the and studies
Greeks to seek out the principles of everyday
language. - The power of the eidos, or idea, would be
witnessed in the succeeding centuries of
Mathematics as the Language of Nature development in the West.
- Technology in the modern world is the fruit of
science. - The ancient fascination with language gave rise
- Nature can be understood because it speaks in to the preservation of the words of earlier
the language of mathematics and the human people at the same time when the West
brain, to a certain extent, can comprehend this weakened itself due to internecine warfare and
language (Wigner, 1960). conflicts.

Since people have discovered the laws and language of - Throughout this dark period, the importance of
nature, they can develop technology that uses these the word – the power to be informed as a
laws and language for their benefits. This is human being – led to the transmission of ideas
mathematics, the great contribution of Isaac Newton. through hand-copying. From this manual
action would arise the technology that would
Sir Isaac Newton transform cultures – the printing press.
- English mathematician, physicist, astronomer,
theologian, and author who is widely - Using the printing press, people on different
recognized as one of the most influential sides of the world could share their thoughts
scientists of all time and a key figure in the and ideas with each other, forming
scientific revolution communities of thinkers across space and time
(Connell, 1958).
Mathematics - is the study of pattern and structure
- It is fundamental to the physical and biological Johannes Gutenberg
sciences, engineering and information - A german blacksmith, goldsmith, inventor,
technology to economics and increasingly to printer and publisher who introduced printing
the social sciences to europe with the Printing Press

Mathematics in Our World Information Age

- Looking at simple things deeply, finding a - Began around 1970 and is still going on today
pattern, and using the pattern to gain new - Also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age,
insights provides great value or New Media Age
- This era brought about a time period in which
Technological World people could access information and
- The ability to think and conceptually knowledge easily
comprehend nature and the principles it - A historic period in the 21st century
follows eventually leads to science characterized by the rapid shift from
- Describes a world that is based in science and traditional industry that the Industrial
applied to everyday life to solve problems revolution brought through industrialization, to
an economy based on information technology
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee
- English engineer and computer scientist
- Best known as the inventor of the World Wide
Web

A more modern example of technology feeding upon

itself in the 21st century tour de force: the World Wide
Web through the internet.

Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented it as a way of addressing

data processing and information sharing needs among
scientists for the European Organization for Nuclear
Research (CERN).

CERN’s atom smasher produces a huge amount of

scientific data every second.

While the telegraph and telephone had allowed the

transmission of information to transcend physical
boundaries, processing a veritable ocean and mountain
of scientific data gathered by the atom smasher needed
a new medium.