61 Community is a social group with sone degree of “we n area.” Bargardus The smallest testimonial group Aspect of social life feeling” and living in a give that can embrace al] called community”. Kingsley Davig Community is “any circle ot and belong together in such a way that they do and share this or that Particular interest but a whole set of interests”, Manheim People who live together NATURE & CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY A community can be: 1. A group of People living to; their needs by mutual cooperation, This group may be so small as a village, hamlet, basti, chak or a mohalla in a town or city. The condition for a group to be a community is that they live together as a territory and fulfill the needs of their social life. It means this group is self-sufficient in basic needs, ‘They have houses to live. They have schools, dispensary or shop of a Hakeem. They have a branch of post. office nearby. A mosque with Madrassa and teaching of Quran by the Maulvi Sahib is also important institution, Shops providing things of daily life, a flour mill, Patwar Khana, Agriculture Office, a _ VeteriOnary Hospital and a Union Council Office are the major institutions of a rural community in our society, gether in an area fulfilling63 of social life. It is actually a p: ‘oduct of 1 pont ite Product of natural free will of the people having extreme similarity in their objectives and ambitions of | ambitions of livin, Agriculture is the main identity of this kind of community Peopl, nf le c this community mostly have face-to-face a interaction with high degree of homogeneity in their identities, Ba sic urban facilities like school, hospital, market, municipal office, police station e tc are usually missing in this community CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL COMMUNITY It is that community which has mostly the following characteristics: @ Small population: The population generally is small, living in hamlets, chak, basti and villages of not more than 5,000 individuals. (ii) Lack in administrative organization: This population has no administrative organization like Municipality. Civil Lines or Town Committee. (iii) Lack of modern facilities: This population has no modern facilities of gas, water and rail. (iv) Absence of big social institutions: The facilities of big institutions like hospital, college, industry, hotels and telephone are usually missing. (v) Agrarian in nature: Usually the agriculture profession is dominant and simple technicians support the cultivator. (vi) Scattered housing pattern: Houses are mostly away from one another in their respective farms called farmstead settlement and most of the houses are katcha. (vii) Equal division of labor: The male and the female, the old and the young, all work in the same farm without distinction in roles on the basis of age and sex categories. (viii) Informal interaction: The interaction patterns are mostly informal. “Hukka” is an important institution of recreation among the rural people of Pakistan, (ix) Slow interaction and social change: The rate of interaction « 4 Among the villagers is slow. Moreover, the interaction of villagers64 1 is also ‘rare and infrequent. By these facts, fe is mostly invisible. Again due to slow eta ‘ ‘ate hemselves and with the urbanites, the wae of with urban peop! chatige in their li interaction among th social mobility is slow. (x) Celebration of events: The traditions, customs, rituals ceremonies celebrated at the occasions of happiness and Sadnesg aly show little change within decades. (xi) Homogenty: The language patterns, the styles of dr the type of food and other ways of living are homogeneous Which create mechanical solidarity, according to Durkheim. In conditions, social solidarity exists and the degree of Collectiyg conscience is noted higher. (xii) Traditional recreations: Fairs, drum-beating, racing, dog fight, wrestling, kabaddj,, telling fairy, tales, radio and singing lovely songs and dancing on drum beating are the Popular recreations of the rural people. ) __ aii) Endogamy: Marriages take place only within the same Biradri. It means endogamy is popular. : URBAN COMMUNITY... ioeds © Urban conimunity is the opposite of rural community. In this type, people are highly impersonal with each other along high degree of complexity and heterogeneity ‘in ‘their living style and identities. It is actually a Product of rational choice. A complex 4 division of labour with specialization [Link] jobs is the identity of tng mmunity. Modem civi facilites. are usually available in He ‘Grin ote 2oau0r! ort 16 teow “URBAN comMuUN66 trends is shown by them. Electronic media and education play important role in this event. bility: The social mobility is foung (x) Frequent, social mo ertical mobilities bring faster in this area, Territorial, horizontal and v about social changes in the life of the people ad (xi) Least importance of caste: Caste Is not important factor jn determining social stratification in [Link]. ; : (xii) pe belief as a part of social a ee and belief toward religious values is accepting ae ae = as happened in the urban life of Western societies. Rel ae : ‘i s and practices are a part of social life even in urban peop! che 4 istan. (xiii) Anonymity: Anonymity is a condition in a a large number of urban people are strangers to the local residents: This condition provides protection to those strangers who commit crime in other areas and hide in these areas. (xiv) Exogamy: The bonds of old Biradri system based on cast is changing. Marriages among people of different castes are being held and in this way new Biradris are coming into being. It means exogamy is growing popular. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES . : The rural and urban Communities are much different from each other on the following grounds: i. Division of labor: In a rural community, the dominant profession is agriculture. The number of professions is limited in this community due to similarity in social conditions, : __ The urban community has a large number of professional activities due to diverse social conditions, see the vi hae en The population in rural areas is eir own farms called “Farmstead Settlement’, E: . popillaigh, ang ape ene tina (basti or chak) have small The urban areas are thickl ahd 'y populated. In a city of a few square i les pe ee live. The houses are joined together,67 iii, Nature of relations: The relations in rural areas are nd mutual help. In urban areas the relations are formal and reciprocal ee on pea enenent In tural areas, the environment is almost natural. The People live in nature, work in nature and die in nature. The animals, trees, plants, crops, water channels, sunrise, sunset, moonlit night, starry night, clouds and:rain are the companions of their life. In urban areas, the social life is based on industrial relations. The needs are satisfied by the production of industrial goods. Even the social relations have industrial means of communication. v. Social mobility: Among the rural people, the social changes are seldom found. Mostly the people are satisfied with their social conditions. Very rarely they change their place of residence and profession. The change in their classes occur infrequently due to little changes in income. It means the rate of social mobility is insignificant among them. The urban life is ever-changing due to expansion of education, technology and industry. The people change their professions, residences and classes for adjustment with the new social conditions. This type of adjustment in society is called social mobility. The rate of this mobility is higher in this area. vi. Social stratification: In rural areas, the significant elements of social stratification are caste, profession, and the economic resources. While in urban areas, the economic resources and education standard are its important elements. vii. Size of population: The rural population lives in smaller " Soups separately and in villages. The population in urban areas is Clustered in millions. It means the size of population is larger in Cities than in villages. Hig viii. Social differentiation: The social life in rural areas is simple and based on similar social conditions. In urban areas, the People of diverse nature live together. The people of different races, » Sects, castes, professions, classes and political parties live together. © ix, Social interaction: In rural areas, the social interaction is68 ifformal, slow and under necessary conditions. in urban lite formal, reciprocal and fast. x. Solidarity: On the basis of similarity in social life, Solid, exists in rural areas. People live an organized social life, In y _ areas, due to different social conditions the life is seldom organi ‘due to which loose social solidarity is found. Seldom the People ae satisfied with their present conditions. They make changes fai ‘by which the bonds of old systems break and solidarity weakens * urban communities. cp nbn 0 MOH IIE 9° DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS — aan oo ‘1, Define a community and differentiate it from Posey 26r6 What is a community? Explain its types. 181 YI 2 ae Differentiate between rural and urban cothatnaaisogn examples, S863. oft epmom HM geo ond eegaally % _ Explain the ‘em atienice of fural “and alban senetinela hava communi mle rom Flin sce et oki aed ont | FD, i weubsis bra Ygoloniat | eu sot eoeeab forig esonabiest |