Lesson 2
Proportion
Proportions are expressions of equal rates and ratios. The expression, is a
proportion provided that . We call ad, the extremes and we call bc, the means. In order
for a statement to become a proportion, it should always be remembered that the product of the
means is always equal to the product of the extremes.
Consider the following examples:
Which of the following statements are proportions?
Solutions:
This is a This is a This is a This is not a This is not a
proportion proportion proportion proportion proportion
Kinds of Proportion
Direct proportions are expressions of quantities such that if one quantity increases, the
other quantity also increases. If one quantity decreases, the other quantity will also decrease.
Examples of direct proportions are found below:
This is an example of a direct proportion
because 12 is increased to 20 and 240
increases to 400.
This is also an example of a direct proportion
because 17 is increased to 50 and 34
increases to 100.
Finally, this is also an example of a direct
proportion because 5 is increased to 25 and
75 increases to 400.
Inverse proportions are expressions of quantities such that if one quantity increases, the
other quantity decreases. If one quantity decreases, the other quantity will increase. Examples
of inverse proportions are given below.
This is an example of an inverse proportion
because 50 is decreased to 25 and 2 is
increased to 4.
This is also an example of an inverse
proportion because 17 is increased to 85 and
50 is decreased to 10.
Lastly, this is an example of an inverse
proportion because 5 is increased to 25 and
75 is decreased to 15.
Partitive proportions are expressions of more than two proportions. Examples of partitive
proportions are given below:
1.) The monthly allowance of three sisters is allocated at 3:4:5.
2.) The angles of a triangle are partitioned at 2:4:9.
3.) The delivery of oil during the oil crises is done at 20 barrels on the first
week: 60 barrels on the second week : 100 barrels on the third week at a
specific total cost.
Problems Involving Proportion
In expressing the proportion, it should be made clear that writing the ratio on the left
hand side must also be the way in which the ratio on the right hand side is written. Consider the
examples below:
1.) If 12 pieces of pencils cost PHP 90.00, what is the cost of 34 pieces of pencils?
Let n = the cost of 34 pieces of pencils.
The ratio This ratio
is quantity must also be
is to cost quantity is to
cost
2.) Suppose an accountant is paid PHP 12,450 for a 15 – day work, how much payment is
required for 25 days of work?
Let n = the payment for 25 days of work.
The ratio
The ratio is must also be
payment is to payment is to
number of number of
days of work days of work
3.) Nickie can finish reading 120 pages in 3 hours. How many hours are needed for her to
read 500 pages?
Let n = the number of hours needed by Nickie to finish reading 500 pages .
4.) The ratio of the angles of the triangle is 2:3:4. What are the measurements of each
angle?
This is an example of a partitive proportion. Recall that the sum of all the angles in a
triangle is 180 degrees.
In this problem, we need to add all the ratios and create another ratio for the totals.
Hence,
Let n = the measure of the angle in 1 part
So, the measure of each angle will be as follows:
2(20) = 40 3(20) = 60 4(20) = 80
To check whether the sum 180 is acquired, we have 40 + 60 + 180 = 180.
5.) Don wants to allocate his money amounting to PHP 125,000.00 to his 4 children at a
ratio of 2:3:5:6. How much will each child receive?
Let n = the amount received for a part
So, the amount each child will receive will be as follows:
2(7,812.50) =PHP 15,625.00 3(7,812.50) = PHP 23,437.50
5(7,812.50) =PHP 39,062.50 6(7,812.50) = PHP 46,875.00
To check whether the sum PHP 125,000.00 is acquired, we have 40 + 60 + 180 = 180.
PHP 15,625.00
23,437.50
39,062.50
46,875.00
PHP 125,000.00
PHP 125,000.00
Try these!
1.) Laura can type 125 words in 2 and one - half minutes. How many words
can she type in 4 minutes?
2.) Pedro can mow 120 square meters of lawn in 18 hours. How much time is
needed for him to mow 360 square meters of lawn?
3.) If John’s salary per month is PHP 18,000.00, how much will be paid for him
if he only works for 22 days? [Assume that 1 month = 30 days]
4.) MCG Corporation wants to allocate PHP 1,500,000.00 for print ads, TV ads,
and Radio ads at a ratio 7:10:8. How much is allocated per medium?
5.) In the monthly accounting ledger of Tinay’s Dimsum Diner, the ratio of Net
Profit, Cost of Goods Sold and Utility Payments is 2:5:3 respectively. If the
gross sales of the month amounts to PHP 1,800,000.00, how much is the Net
Profit, the cost of goods sold and the payment of utilities?
Exercises
Proportion
Name: ______________________________ Grade and Section: __________Score:
_________
Directions: Find the value of n so that the statement will become a proportion. Write your
solutions and answers on the space provided.