Page 1 of 5 4931_GRACE College of engineering
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
BE- Computer Science and Engineering
Anna University Regulation: 2021
CS3352- Foundation of Data Science
II Year/III Semester
Unit- II
QUESTION BANK
Prepared By,
[Link], AP/AIDS
Page 1 of 5 Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science
Page 2 of 5 4931_GRACE College of engineering
UNIT –II
PART-A
Q.1 Define qualitative data.
Ans. Qualitative data provides information about the quality of an
object or information which cannot be measured. Qualitative data
cannot be expressed as a number. Data that represent nominal
scales such as gender, economic status and religious preference
are usually considered to be qualitative data. It is also called
categorical data.
Q.2 What is quantitative data ?
Quantitative data is the one that focuses on numbers and
mathematical calculations and can be calculated and computed.
Quantitative data are anything that can be expressed as a
number or quantified. Examples of quantitative data are scores
on achievement tests, number of hours of study or weight of a
subject.
Q.3 What is nominal data ?
A nominal data is the 1st level of measurement scale in which
the numbers serve as "tags" or "labels" to classify or identify the
objects. Nominal data is type of qualitative data. A nominal data
usually deals with the non-numeric variables or the numbers that
do not have any value. While developing statistical models,
nominal data are usually transformed before building the model.
4 Describe ordinal data.
Ordinal data is a variable in which the value of the data is
captured from an ordered set, which is recorded in the order of
magnitude. Ordinal represents the "order." Ordinal data is known
as qualitative data or categorical data. It can be grouped, named
and also ranked.
Q.5 What is an interval data ?
Interval data corresponds to a variable in which the value is
chosen from an interval set.
Page 2 of 5 Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science
Page 3 of 5 4931_GRACE College of engineering
It is defined as a quantitative measurement scale in which the
difference between the two variables is meaningful. In other
words, the variables are measured in an exact manner, not as in
a relative way in which the presence of zero is arbitrary.
6 What do you mean observational study?
An observational study focuses on detecting relationships
between variables not manipulated by the investigator. An
observational study is used to answer a research question based
purely on what the researcher observes. There is no interference
or manipulation of the research subjects and no control and
treatment groups.
7 What is frequency distribution?
Frequency distribution is a representation, either in a graphical or
tabular format, that displays the number of observations within a
given interval. The interval size depends on the data being
analyzed and the goals of the analyst.
Q.8 What is cumulative frequency?
A cumulative frequency distribution can be useful for ordered
data (e.g. data arranged in intervals, measurement data, etc.).
Instead of reporting frequencies, the recorded values are the sum
of all frequencies for values less than and including the current
value.
9 Explain histogram.
A histogram is a special kind of bar graph that applies to
quantitative data (discrete or continuous). The horizontal axis
represents the range of data values. The bar height represents
the frequency of data values falling within the interval formed by
the width of the bar. The bars are also pushed together with no
spaces between them.
10 What is goal of variability?
The goal for variability is to obtain a measure of how spread out
the scores are in a distribution. A measure of variability usually
Page 3 of 5 Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science
Page 4 of 5 4931_GRACE College of engineering
accompanies a measure of central tendency as basic descriptive
statistics for a set of scores.
11 How to calculate range?
The range is the total distance covered by the distribution, from
the highest score to the lowest score (using the upper and lower
real limits of the range).
Range = Maximum value - Minimum value
12 What is an Independent variables?
An independent variable is the variable that is changed or
controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the
dependent variable.
13 What is an observational study?
An observational study focuses on detecting relationships
between variables not manipulated by the investigator. An
observational study is used to answer a research question based
purely on what the researcher observes. There is no interference
or manipulation of the research subjects and no control and
treatment groups.
14 Explain frequency polygon.
Frequency polygons are a graphical device for understanding the
shapes of distributions. They serve the same purpose as
histograms, but are especially helpful for comparing sets of data.
Frequency polygons are also a good choice for displaying
cumulative frequency distributions.
15 What is Steam and Leaf diagram?
Stem and leaf diagrams allow to display raw data visually. Each
raw score is divided into a stem and a leaf. The leaf is typically
the last digit of the raw value. The stem is the remaining digits of
the raw value. Data points are split into a leaf (usually the ones
digit) and a stem (the other digits).
PART-B
1. Explain the types of frequency distribution with examples.
2. Describe mean median mode and averages with example
Page 4 of 5 Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science
Page 5 of 5 4931_GRACE College of engineering
3. Specify the real limits for the lowest class interval in this
frequency distribution for the given dataset
91 85 84 79 80
87 96 75 86 104
95 71 105 90 77
123 80 100 93 108
98 69 99 95 90
110 109 94 100 103
112 90 90 98 89
4. Analyze how graphs are used to represent qualitative and
quantitative data?
5. Generate the grouped and ungrouped frequency table for
the following data
90,92,87,88,87,92,98,90,90,87,87,88,88,89,90,87,89,92,92,92,98
,90,9 5,87,87
i)How many people scored 98?
ii)How many people scored 90 or less?
iii)What proportion scored 87?
6. (i) Calculate the sum of square population standard
deviation of the given x data value 13,10,11,7,9,11,9
(ii) Calculate the sample standard deviation for the given data
7,3,1,0,4
7. Suppose the IQ score have a bell shaped distribution with a
mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15 then calculate the
following : (i) what percentage of people should have an IQ score
between 85 and 115?
(ii) what percentage of people should have an IQ score between
70 and 130?
(iii) what percentage of people should have an IQ score more
than 130?
(iv) A person with an IQ score greater than 145 is considered a
genius. Does the empirical rule support this statement
Page 5 of 5 Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science Cs3352-Foudation of Data Science