Dr. D. K.
Lal
Department of Electrical Engineering
VSSUT, Burla
Figure 1: Practical Transformer
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When we increase the load on the transformer, the following
sequence of events takes place:
(a) The secondary winding current increases.
(b) The current supplied by the source increases.
(c) The voltage drop across the primary winding impedance Z1
increases.
(d) The induced emf E1, drops.
(e) Finally, the mutual flux decreases owing to the decrease in the
magnetizing current.
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Figure 2(a): Phasor diagram of a transformer Figure 2(b): Phasor diagram of a transformer
with resistive load with inductive load
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Figure 2(c): Phasor diagram of a transformer with capacitive load
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Figure 3: Equivalent circuit of a transformer including winding
resistances, leakage reactance, core-loss resistance, magnetizing
reactance, and an ideal transformer.
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Figure 4: An approximate equivalent circuit of a transformer embodying an ideal
transformer.
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To make the transformer calculations simpler, it is preferable to
transfer voltage, current and impedance either to the primary or to
the secondary. In that case, we would have to work in one winding
only which is more convenient.
Figure 5: An approximate equivalent circuit of a transformer
referred to primary embodying an ideal transformer.
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Figure 6: Equivalent circuit when referred to secondary
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Figure 7: Approximate equivalent circuit when referred to secondary
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Any Queries?
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