Senior High School Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 - Module 3: Minerals DefiED&) What I Need to Know ‘This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the properties of minerals. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using, ‘The module is divided into two lessons, namely: * Lesson 1 ~ Minerals and their Characteristics ~ Different Properties of Minerals After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the examples of minerals; 2. explain the different characteristics of minerals; 3. differentiate minerals based on their properties; and 4, develop awareness on the importance of minerals around us.(4) What I Know Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Pyrite is a yellowish mineral that looks like gold and is commonly called {fool’s gold. What is the property of mineral exhibited by pyrite wherein it reflects light and with a metallic look? A. Color C. Luster B. Hardness D, Streak 2. Quartz can break other than along planes of cleavage. What property of minerals is shown in this situation? A. Cleavage C. Hardness B. Fracture D. Streak 3, Some minerals like mica has surfaces with planes of weak bonds in the crystals. Thus, its crystals can be peeled like layers of onion. What is the property exhibited by mica? A, Cleavage C. Hardness B. Fracture D. Tenacity 4. Which property refers to the resistance of minerals to scratching? A, Cleavage C. Hardness B. Fracture D. Luster [Link] are the building blocks of rocks and it is mostly found in the geosphere? A. elements C. ore B, minerals D. soil [Link] its powdered form, the mineral hematite is reddish. Which mineral property is best described? A. color C. luster B, hardness D. streak 7. Which is not a property that can be used to identify a mineral? ‘A. hardness, C. opaque B. luster D. streak 8. What is the property of minerals that reflects light on its surface? ‘A. color ¢. luster B. crystal structure D. streak 9. Which refers to a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition? ‘A. compound C. mineral B. crystal D. rocks10. 1. 12, 13, 14, 15. During the 1800's, miners can identify real gold from pyrite through biting the surface of the mineral. Ifa bite mark is exhibited, then the said mineral is considered real gold. What property is tested in this scenario? A. cleavage C. luster B. hardness D. streak color What is a carbonate mineral that occurs in a different crystal form and is less common than either calcite or dolomite? A. aragonite C. gypsum B. calcite D. silica What constitutes the size, shape and arrangement of mineral grains in a rock? A. cement C. porosity B. permeable origin D. texture Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral? A. crystal structure C. organic B. naturally occurring D. solid What refers to the tendency for a mineral to break along flat surfaces? A. cleavage C. ductility, B. hardness D. tenacity What is the solid form of a mineral produced by a repeating pattern of atoms? A. crystal C. element B. density D. fractureLesson 1 Minerals Minerals make up the rocks beneath your feet, the soil that supports plants, and the deep rock of Earth’s mantle. Any thorough study of Earth must include an understanding of minerals. But it is not sufficient to study minerals isolated from the rest of the planet. Rather we can learn more by observing the ways that minerals interact with other Earth systems. &) What’s In This module contains activities that will enhance the teaching -learning process among learners about the minerals. It deals with the characteristics of minerals and the properties exhibited by the minerals. As the learners answer the questions they will be able to explore and understand the concepts about minerals. Moreover, they will develop awareness on the importance of minerals. Notes to the Teacher This module aims to develop learner's awareness on the characteristics of minerals. This further develops their understanding on the physical and chemical properties of minerals.ew SS What’ s New Identify the following objects below. Then using the Internet or other possible sources, determine what type of minerals are present in each of the presented objects in the table. a“ 1 2. z S 4 3. 4. 5. We are using these products made from minerals daily. Graphite is the mineral used in wooden pencil. Halite is the mineral found in salt. Your cellphone is made up of different minerals. The cars that we drive, the roads that we travel, the building that, we live in, are some examples of products derived from minerals.Characteristics of Minerals Arrange the jumbled letters to find the appropriate criteria to determine whether a material is classified as a mineral or not. LNLTLAURY NGOIRUCC tis a product of Barth’s natural processes. 2CAILROGN - It must be product of Earth's physical processes. [Link] DILOS - have definite shape and volume. [Link] ESRTRUCUT atoms are arranged in order of increasing pattern. [Link] NOITOCMOPSI @) What is It What are Minerals? Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. Mineralogists use the criteria to determine whether a material is classified as_a mineral or not. represented by chemical formula Characteristics of Minerals naturally occurring- a product of Earth's natural processes inorganic- it must be product of Earth’s physical processes. homogeneous solid- minerals should have definite volume and rigid shape definite chemical composition—represented by a chemical formula orderly crystalline structure- atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern asoneProperties of Minerals To identify minerals, mineralogists observe the following properties: ‘a, Color - mineral’s color may change depending on the surface. b. Streak - color of mineral in powdered form. c. Hardness - minerals resistance to scratching Mohs Scale of Hardness (Diamond is the Hardest with a scale of 10) 10 - Diamond 9 - Corundum 8 - Topaz 7 - Quartz 6 - Orthoclase 5 - Apatite 4 - Fluorite 3 - Calcite 2- Gypsum 1-Tale d. Cleavage - mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture e. Crystalline structure or habit £. Diaphaneity /amount of transparency - ability to allow light to pass through it. This is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral sample g. Luster - how light is reflected off a surface h, Tenacity - describes the minerals reaction to stress, Brittleness- a mineral turns into powder Malleability a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer. Ductility- A mineral can be stretched into wire. Flexible but inelastic-Minerals are bent but they remain in the new position. Flexible and elastic- Minerals are bent, and they bring back to their original position. Sectility- ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife.Prepare a list of minerals based on the Mohs Scale of Hardness and identify some products that make use of these minerals. 1, Diamond [Link] [Link] “[Link] [Link] 6 Apatite [Link] [Link] 9. Gypsum 10. Tale@) What’s More Understanding Science Words ‘The pictures below show the common minerals and their properties or uses. Identify other properties exhibited by the minerals. Choose your answer from the given choices. BRITTLENESS MALLEABILITY DUCTILITY LUSTER SECTILITY 2. Overall sheen of mineral SS 3. A mineral can be hammered /flattened5. A mineral can be turned into powder ? What I Have Learned Fill in the Blanks Identify the prominent properties exhibited by the following minerals. Fill in the blanks to form the appropriate term that best fits the described mineral property. 1, L___T__R -amanner by which mineral reflects light. -& Pyrite - a. ka. fool's gold 2.S__R____K- color of mineral in powdered form. Hematite- both types leave the same powder 3.__L___V__G__- tendency of mineral to break along flat surfaces Cz Mica crystal can be peel like layers of onion 104, _R__C__U___- the manner breaks other than along planes of cleavage. ky Quartz creates smooth, curved surfaces 5.H__R_____S__- resistance of mineral to scratching and it is the most commonly used property for identifying minerals. ay Diamond has a scale of 10 HARDNESS FARCATURE CLEAVAGE STREAK LUSTER Matching Type Match the properties of minerals in column A with the description of mineral Properties in column B. Column A Column B 1. Mohs hardness scale A. describes the mineral reaction to stress __2. Sectility B, true color of mineral __3. Streak C. a ranking of mineral from softest hardest __4. Crystal D. ability of mineral to be cut by knife __5. Tenacity E. repeating pattern in minerals in solid 11(% >) What I Can Do List some of the uses of minerals around us. Minerals Uses THalite Mineral found in table saltjas preservatives 2 3 + 5 = Reflect Upon Upon knowing the value of minerals in our everyday life, as a student how can you help in conserving and preserving the natural sources of these minerals? (For example, graphite is a mineral found in pencil). 12Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Pyrite is a yellowish mineral that looks like gold and is commonly called {fool’s gold. What is the property of mineral exhibited by pyrite wherein it reflects light and with a metallic look? A. Color C. Luster B. Hardness D. Streak 2. Quartz can break other than along planes of cleavage. What property of minerals is shown in this situation? C. Cleavage C. Hardness D. Fracture D. Streak 3. Some minerals like mica has surfaces with planes of weak bonds in the crystals. Thus, its crystals can be peeled like layers of onion. What is the property exhibited by mica? A. Cleavage ©. Hardness B. Fracture D, Tenacity 4. Which property refers to the resistance of minerals to scratching? A. Cleavage C. Hardness B. Fracture D. Luster [Link] are the building blocks of rocks and it is mostly found in the geosphere? A. elements C. ore B. minerals D. soil [Link] its powdered form, the mineral hematite is reddish. Which mineral property is best described? A. color C. luster B. hardness D. streak 7. Which is not a property that can be used to identify a mineral? A. hardness C. opaque B. luster D. streak 8. What is the property of minerals that reflects light on its surface? ‘A. color C. luster B. crystal structure D. streak 9. Which refers to a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition? 13A. compound C. mineral B. crystal D. rocks 10. During the 1800's, miners can identify real gold from pyrite through biting the surface of the mineral. If a bite mark is exhibited, then the said mineral is considered real gold. What property is tested in this scenario? A. cleavage C. luster B. hardness D. streak color 11. What is a carbonate mineral that occurs in a different crystal form and is less common than either calcite or dolomite? A. aragonite C. gypsum B. calcite D. silica 12, What constitutes the size, shape and arrangement of mineral grains in a rock? ‘A. cement C. porosity B. permeable origin D. texture 13. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral? A. crystal structure . organic B. naturally occurring D. solid 14. What refers to the tendency for a mineral to break along flat surfaces? A. cleavage C. ductility B. hardness D. tenacity 15, What is the solid form of a mineral produced by a repeating pattern of atoms? A. crystal C. element B. density D. fracture 14he ) Additional Activities Putting together Directions: Complete the concept map below. PROPERTIES MINERALS 1, Shows the true color 2. Resistance to scratching 3. Can be flatten into thin sheets 4. Show how light is reflected on the surface| 5. Can be drawn into wires Brainstorming Assume you are a mineralogist that discovered a new type of mineral. To inform not only the academe but also the common people, you are then tasked to make an infographic that will state its characteristics, properties, and significance (whether economic, health and scientific). Present these important data through a concept map. 15Finding the Perfect Match ‘Take at least 5 photos of minerals that are found in our day to day living. Identify the said minerals and state their unique characteristics and significance. Name: Name: Characteristics: Characteristics: Significance: Significance: Name: Name: Characteristics: Characteristics: Significance: Significance: 16Name: Name: Characteristics: Characteristics: Significance: Significance: 17