The morphology of these
human-like animals started to
appear like to be the member of
the genus Homo, about 20 lakh
years ago and thus skilled human
developed. About 15 lakh years
ago, human walking with erect
posture was evolved. It may have
existed in China and Indonesia of
Asian continent.
1.13 Development of human brain
Evolution of upright man continued in the direction
of developing its brain for the period of about 1 lakh
years and meanwhile it discovered the fire. Brain of 50
thousand year old man had been sufficiently evolved to
the extent that it could be considered as member of the
class- wise-man (Homo sapiens).
Neanderthal man can be considered as the first
example of wise-man. The Cro-Magnon man evolved
about 50 thousand years ago and afterwards, this
evolution had been faster than the earlier.
1.14 Neanderthal man
About 10 thousand years ago, wise-man started to practice the agriculture. It started
to rear the cattle-herds and established the cities. Cultural development took place. Art of
writing was invented about 5000 years ago and thus the history had been started. Modern
sciences emerged about 400 years ago and industrial society was established about 200
years ago and now we have reached at this stage, and still we are searching the details of
roots of human ancestry.
Exercise
1. Complete the following diagram. 2. Read the following statements and
justify the same in your own words
Morphological with the help of suitable examples.
a. Human evolution began
approximately 7 crore years ago.
b. Geographical and reproductive
Evidences isolation of organisms gradually
of leads to speciation.
Evolution c. Study of fossils is an important
aspect of study of evolution.
d. There is evidence of fatal
Similarities in
bones structure
science among chordates.
10
3. Complete the statements by choosing 6. Define vestigial organs. Write names
correct options from bracket. of some vestigial organs in human
(Gene, Mutation, Translocation, body and write the names of those
Transcription, Gradual development, animals in whom same organs are
Appendix) functional.
a. The causality behind the sudden
changes was understood due to -- -- 7. Answer the following questions.
principle of Hugo de Vries. a. How are the hereditary changes
b. The proof for the fact that protein responsible for evolution?
synthesis occurs through -- --- was b. Explain the process of formation of
given by George Beadle and complex proteins.
Edward Tatum. c. Explain the theory of evolution and
c. Transfer of information from mention the proof supporting it.
molecule of DNA to mRNA is d. Explain with suitable examples
called as -- -- -- process. importance of anatomical
d. Evolution means -- -- -- --. evidences in evolution.
e. Vestigial organ -- -- -- present in e. Define fossil. Explain importance
of fossils as proof of evolution.
human body is proof of evolution.
f. Write evolutionary history of
modern man.
4. Write short notes based upon the
information known to you. Project :
a. Lamarckism 1. Make a presentation on human
b. Darwin’s theory of natural selection. evolution using various computer
c. Embryology. softwares and arrange a group
d. Evolution. discussion over it in the class
e. Connecting link. room.
2. Read the book – ‘Pruthvivar
5. Define heredity. Explain the Manus Uparach’ written by Late
mechanism of hereditary changes. Dr. Sureshchandra Nadkarni and
note your opinion on evolution.
11
Exercise
1. Fill in the blanks and explain the c. With the help of suitable diagrams,
statements. explain the five stages of prophase-I
a. After complete oxidation of a glucose of meiosis.
molecules, ---- --- --- number of d. How all the life processes contribute to
ATP molecules are formed. the growth and development of the
b. At the end of glycolysis, ---- --- -- body?
molecules are obtained. e. Explain the Krebs cycle with reaction.
c. Genetic recombination occurs in -- 5. How energy is formed from oxidation
-- -- phase of prophase of meiosis-I. of carbohydrates, fats and proteins?
d. All chromosomes are arranged Correct the diagram given below.
parallel to equatorial plane of cell in
-- -- -- phase of mitosis. Pyruvic Acid
e. For formation of plasma membrane,
--- --- --- molecules are necessary.
f. Our muscle cells perform -- -- -- type
of respiration during exercise.
Acetyl Co-Enzyme A
2. Write definitions.
a. Nutrition. b. Nutrients
c. Proteins. d. Cellular respiration
e. Aerobic respiration.
f. Glycolysis. Lipid Glycolysis Amino acids
3. Distinguish between
a. Glycolysis and TCA cycle.
b. Mitosis and meiosis.
Proteins krebs cycle Fats
c. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
4. Give scientific reasons. Project :
a. Oxygen is necessary for complete With the help of information
oxidation of glucose. collected from internet, prepare the
b. Fibers are one of the important slides of various stages of mitosis
nutrients.
and observe under the compound
c. Cell division is one of the important
microscope.
properties of cells and organisms.
d. Sometimes, higher plants and
animals too perform anaerobic
respiration.
e. Krebs cycle is also known as citric
acid cycle.
5. Answer in detail.
a. Explain the glycolysis in detail.
b. With the help of suitable diagrams,
explain the mitosis in detail.
21
Among the various sexual diseases, syphilis and gonorrhoea occur on large scale. Both
of these diseases are caused by bacteria. Occurrence of chancre (patches) on various parts of
body including genitals, rash, fever, inflammation of joints, alopecia, etc. are the symptoms
of syphilis. Painful and burning sensation during urination, oozing of pus through penis and
vagina, inflammation of urinary tract, anus, throat, eyes, etc. are symptoms of gonorrhoea.
Do you know? Year Population
Population Explosion 1901 238396327
Excessive growth of population within short duration
1911 252093390
1921 251321213
is called as population explosion. You may have realized 1931 278977238
from the table given besides about fast population growth of 1941 318660580
India. We have to face various problems like unemployment, 1951 358142161
decreasing per capita income and increasing loan, stress on 1961 439234771
natural resources, etc. There is only one solution for all such 1971 548159652
problems and it is population control. Family planning is 1981 683329097
essential for this. 1991 846421039
2001 1028610328
2011 1210854977
Get information Visit a public health center nearby your place and collect the
information through an interview of health officer about mean-
ing and various methods of family planning.
Exercise
1. Complete the following chart.
Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
1. Reproduction that occurs with the help 1. ………………………………...........
of somatic cells is called as asexual ……………………………….............…
reproduction. …………………………….....................
2 ………………………………………… 2. Male and female parent are necessary
………………………………….. for sexual reproduction.
3. This reproduction occurs with the help 3. ……………………………………...
of mitosis only. ……………………………......................
4. ………………………………............... 4. New individual formed by this method
……………………………….............… is genetically different from parents.
5. Asexual reproduction occurs in different 5. ………………………………..............
individuals by various methods like ……………………………….............…
binary fission, multiple fission, ……………………………....................
budding, fragmentation, regeneration, ……………………………….............…
vegetative propagation, spore ……………………………....................
production, etc. ……………………………….............…
……………………………....................
34
2. Fill in the blanks. 5. In case of sexual reproduction, new-born
a. In humans, sperm production occurs in show similarities about characters. Explain
the organ ----------------. this statement with suitable examples.
b. In humans, ------ chromosome is 6. Sketch the labelled diagrams.
responsible for maleness. a. Human male reproductive system.
c. In male and female reproductive b. Human female reproductive system.
system of human, ------------- gland is c. Flower with its sexual reproductive
same. organs.
d. Implantation of embryo occurs in ------ d. Menstrual cycle.
e. ---------- type of reproduction occurs 7. Give the names.
without fusion of gametes. a. Hormones related with male
f. Body breaks up into several fragments reproductive system.
and each fragment starts to live as a b. Hormones secreted by ovary of female
new individual. This is -- -- -- -- -- -- -- reproductive system.
type of reproduction. c. Types of twins.
g. Pollen grains are formed by -- ----- -- -- d. Any two sexual diseases.
-- division in locules of anthers. e. Methods of family planning.
3. Complete the paragraph with the help 8. Gender of child is determined by the
of words given in the bracket. male partner of couple. Explain with
(Luteinizing hormone, endometrium reasons whether this statement is true
of uterus, follicle stimulating hormone, or false.
estrogen, progesterone, corpus luteum) 9. Explain asexual reproduction in plants.
Growth of follicles present in the ovary 10. Modern techniques like surrogate mother,
occurs under the effect of ----- This sperm bank and IVF technique will help
follicle secretes estrogen. -- --- - -- -- the human beings. Justify this statement.
-- grows / regenerates under the effect 11. Explain sexual reproduction in plants.
of estrogen. Under the effect of --- ---, Activity :
fully grown up follicle bursts, ovulation 1. Collect the official data about present
occurs and -- --- -- -- is formed from and a decade old population of various
remaining part of follicle. It secrets --- Asian countries and plot a graph of
--- -- -- and --- --- -- -- --. Under the that data. With the help of it, draw your
effect of these hormones, glands of -- -- conclusions about demographic changes.
-- -- are activated and it becomes ready 2. With the help of your teacher, compose
for implantation. and present a road show to increase
4. Answer the following questions in short. the awareness about prenatal gender
a. Explain with examples types of detection and gender bias.
asexual reproduction in unicellular
organism.
b. Explain the concept of IVF.
c. Which precautions will you follow
to maintain the reproductive health?
d. What is menstrual cycle? Describe it
in brief.
35
Exercise
1. Reorganize the following d. How the biodiversity can be
food chain. Describe the conserved?
ecosystem to which it belongs. e. What do we learn from the story of
Grasshopper – Snake – Paddy field – Jadav Molai Peyang?
Eagle – Frog. f. Write the names of biodiversity hot
2. Explain the statement- ‘we have got this spots.
Earth planet on lease from our future f. Which are the reasons for
generations and not as an ancestral endangering the many species of
property from our ancestors.’ plants and animals? How can we
3. Write short notes. save those?
a. Environmental Conservation. 7. What are the meanings of following
symbols? Write your role accordingly?
b. Chipko Movement of Bishnoi.
c. Biodiversity.
d. Sacred Groves.
e. Disaster and its management.
4. How will you justify that overcoming
the pollution is a powerful way Project:
of environmental management? Make a presentation on pollution
5. Which projects will you run in relation of Ganga and Yamuna Rivers and
to environmental conservation? How? effects of air pollution on Tajmahal.
6. Answer the following.
a. Write the factors affecting
environment.
b. Why does the human beings have
important place in environment?
c. Write the types and examples of
biodiversity.
-: A Pledge for Life :-
I am aware that the diversity on the Earth is for the existence of me, my family
and the entire mankind. I am aware about the responsibility of conserving and protect-
ing the rich diversity. I am aware about the fast declining number of wildlife, plants
and animals. I am accepting the responsibility of judicious use of natural resources
and management of biodiversity.
I pledge for adopting the following principles for happy and satisfactory life of all
organisms on the Earth.
I will always try for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.
I will make the change that I am expecting.
I will be committed for safety of entire life on the Earth.
I will educate the people about benefits of conservation and co-existence.
46
As shown in Figure 5.30 , many reflectors reflect and concentrate solar radiation on
absorbers. There solar energy is converted into heat energy. Using this heat energy steam
is generated to drive the turbine and generator.
Power grid
Solar energy
Solar energy
Steam
Flow of hot water
Absorber Turbine
Generator
Condenser
Steam Water
Cooling
Solar panel Pump tower
Reflector
5.29 Schematic of solar thermal power plant
Do you know?
Energy sources use for electrical power generation in the world.
Sources World (%) India (%)
Coal 41 60
Natural Gas 22 08
Hydroelectric 16 14
Nuclear energy 11 02
Petroleum 04 0.3
Renewable sources (wind, solar etc.) 06 15.7
Total 100 100
Exercise
1. Remake the table taking into account 2. Which fuel is used in thermal power
relation between entries in three plant? What are the problems asso-
ciated with this type of power gener-
columns.
ation?
I II III 3. Other than thermal power plant,
Coal Potential energy Wind electricity
which power plants use thermal en-
ergy for power generation? In what
plant
different ways is the thermal energy
Uranium Kinetic Energy Hydro electric obtained?
plant 4. Which type/types of power genera-
Water Nuclear Energy Thermal plant tion involve maximum number of
Reservoir steps of energy conversion? In which
Wind Thermal Energy Nuclear power power generation is the number
plant minimum?
59
5. Solve the following crossword puzzle. 11. Give scientific reasons
a. Maximum energy generation in India a. The construction of turbine is different
is done using..... energy. for different types of power plants.
b. ...... energy is a renewable source of b. It is absolutely necessary to control the
energy fission reaction in nuclear power plants.
[Link] energy can be called.... energy. c. Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and
d .... energy of wind is used in wind wind energy are called renewable
mills. energies.
e. ..... energy of water in dams is used d. It is possible to produce energy from
for generation of electricity. mW to MW using solar photovoltaic
a b cells.
12. Draw a schematic diagram of solar
d thermal electric energy generation.
c 13. Give your opinion about whether
hydroelectric plants are environment
friendly or not?
14. Draw neat and labelled diagrams.
a. Energy transformation in solar thermal
e electric energy generation.
b. One solar panel produces a potential
difference of 18 V and current of 3A.
Describe how you can obtain a potential
6. Explain the difference.
difference of 72 Volts and current of 9
a. Conventional and Non-conventional
A with a solar array using solar panels.
Sources of energy.
You can use sign of a battery for a solar
b Thermal electricity generation and
panel.
solar thermal electricity generation.
15. Write short note on
7. What is meant by green energy?
Electrical energy generation and
Which energy sources can be called as
environment.
green energy sources and why? Give
Project :
example.
[Link] information about solar
8. Explain the following sentences.
light, solar water heating system and
a. Energy obtained from fossil fuels is
solar cooker.
not green energy.
[Link] information about a power
b. Saving energy is the need of the hour.
plant near your locality by vising the
9. Answer the following questions.
a. How can we get the required amount plant.
of energy by connecting solar
panels?
b. What are the advantages and
limitations of solar energy?
10. Explain with diagram step-by-step
energy conversion in
a. Thermal power plant
b. Nuclear Power Plant
c. Solar thermal power plant
d. Hydroelectric power plant
60
Use of Information Technology
Prepare the presentation of Always remember
animal classification using video clips
downloaded from internet. Varieties of animals are found
in our surroundings. We should be
Books are My Friends cautious about not causing any harm
Read the book- The Animal Kingdom: to animals during their studies and
Libbie Hyman and some other similar observations.
books.
Exercise
1. Identify me. d. To which phylum does Cockroach
a. I am diploblastic & acoelomate. belong? Justify your answer with
Which phylum do I belong to? scientific reasons.
b. My body is radially symmetrical. 6. Give scientific reasons.
Water vascular system is present in a. Though tortoise lives on land as well
my body. I am referred as fish as in water, it cannot be included in
though I am not. What is my name? class- Amphibia.
c. I live in your small intestine. b. Our body irritates if it comes in
Pseudocoelom is present in my contact with jelly fish.
thread like body. In which phylum c. All vertebrates are chordates but all
will you include me? chordates are not vertebrates.
d. Though I am multicellular, there are d. Balanoglossus is connecting link
no tissues in my body. What is the between non-chordates & chordates.
name of my phylum? e. Body temperature of reptiles is not
2. Write the characters of each of the constant.
following animals with the help of 7. Answer the following questions by
classification chart. choosing correct option.
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, a. Which special cells are present in
penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish. the body of sponges (Porifera)?
3. Write in brief about progressive 1. Collar cells. 2. Cnidoblasts.
changes in animal classification. 3. Germ cells. 4. Ectodermal cells.
4. What is the exact difference between b. Which of the following animals’
grades of organization and symmetry? body shows bilateral symmetry?
Explain with examples. 1. Star fish. 2. Jelly fish.
5. Answer in brief. 3. Earthworm. 4. Sponge.
a. Give scientific classification of c. Which of the following animals can
shark up to class. regenerate it’s broken body part?
b. Write four distinguishing characters 1. Cockroach. 2. Frog.
of phylum- Echinodermata. 3. Sparrow. 4. Star fish.
c. Distinguish between butterfly and d. Bat is included in which class?
bat with the help of four 1. Amphibia. 2. Reptilia.
distinguishing properties. 3. Aves. 4. Mammalia.
75
8. Complete the following chart. 11. Label the following.
Body cavity Germ Layer Phylum
Absent ------------- Porifera
Absent Triploblastic -----------
Pseudocoelom ------------- Aschel-
minthes.
Present ------------- Arthropoda
9. Complete the following chart.
Type Character Example Project :
In each week, on a specific day of your
Cyclostomata convenience, observe the animals present
around your school & residence. Perform this
Gill respiration
activity for six months. Keep datewise record of
Amphibia your observations. After the observation period
of six months, analyze your observations with
Whale respect to seasons. With the help of your teacher,
Poikilotherms classify the reported animals.
10. Sketch, label and classify
Hydra, Jellyfish, Planaria, Round worm,
Butterfly, Earthworm, Octopus, Star fish,
Shark, Frog, Wall lizard, Pigeon.
Photos with courtesy of : Shri Suresh Isave
76
Exercise
1. Rewrite the following statements 4. Complete the following conceptual
using correct of the options and picture.
explain the completed statements.
(gluconic acid, coagulation, amino Cleaning
acid, acetic acid, clostridium,
lactobacilli) Sewage after
a. Process of -- -- -- -- of milk proteins
processing
occurs due to lactic acid.
b. Harmful bacteria in like -- -- -- in the
intestine are destroyed due to
probiotics. 5. Give scientific reasons.
c. Chemically, vinegar is -- -- --.
d. Salts which can be used as a. Use of mutant strains has been
supplement of calcium and iron are increased in industrial microbiology.
obtained from -------- acid. b. Enzymes obtained by microbial
2. Match the pairs process are mixed with detergents.
‘A’ group ‘B’ group c. Microbial enzymes are used instead
a. Xylitol 1. Pigment of chemical catalysts in chemical
b. Citric acid 2. To impart industry.
sweetness 6. Complete the following conceptual
c. Lycopene 3. Microbial
restrictor picture with respect to uses.
d. Nycin 4. Protein binding
emulsifier
5. To impart acidity
3. Answer the following.
a. Which fuels can be obtained by Xanthan gum
microbial processes? Why is it
necessary to increase the use of such
fuels?
b. How can the oil spills of rivers and
oceans be cleaned? 7. Complete the following conceptual
c. How can the soil polluted by acid picture related to environmental
rain be made fertile again?
d. Explain the importance of bio- management.
pesticides in organic farming.
e. Which are the reasons for increasing
the popularity of probiotic products? Oil spill
f. How the bread and other products
produced using baker’s yeast are
nutritious? Microbes
g. Which precautions are necessary for
proper decomposition of domestic
waste?
h. Why is it necessary to ban the use of
plastic bags?
86
8. Answer the following. Project :
a. What is role of microbes in compost 1. Find the ways to implement the
production? zero garbage system at domestic
b. What are the benefits of mixing
level.
ethanol with petrol and diesel?
c. Which plants are cultivated to 2. Which are the microbes that
obtain the fuel? destroy the chemical pesticides in
d. Which fuels are obtained from soil?
biomass? 3. Collect more information about
e. How does the bread become reasons for avoiding the use of
spongy? chemical pesticides.
87
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
India has been gifted with a great Try this
biodiversity. Indian citizens have
established the humble and strong relation Bring a packet of ‘Balghuti’ from
with the nature. We have a great tradition ayurveda shop. Learn the information
of ayurveda that cures the diseases with about each component in it. Collect
information about various other medicines
the help of natural sources.
and prepare the chart as shown below.
Local Name Name of Uses
of plant active
ingredient
Adulsa Vasicine Cough
present the
leaves
8.13 Adhatoda vasica (Adulsa) and
Azadirachta Indica (Neem)
During earlier days, medicinal plants were collected from the forest. However, due to
depletion in forest area, medicinal plants are becoming rare. Hence, medicinal plants are
being cultivated.
Which fruit processing industries you observe in your
Make a list and discuss surrounding ? What is their effect ?
Fruit Processing
We are daily using various products
prepared from fruits. All are consuming
the products like chocolates, juices, jams
and jellies. All these products can be
produced by processing on fruits. Fruits
are perishable agro-produce. It needs the
processing in such a way that it can be
used throughout the year. Fruit processing
includes various methods ranging from
storage in cold storage to drying, salting, 8.14 Mango processing Unit
air tight packing, preparing murabba,
evaporating, etc.
Exercise
1. Fill in the blanks and complete the statements.
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for --
b. -- -- -- -- is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is --- --- ---.
d. Government of India has encouraged the -- -- --- -- for improving the productivity
by launching NKM-16.
99
2. Match the pairs. 7. Write the correct answer in blank
a. Interferon 1. Diabetes circles.
b. Factor 2. Dwarfness
c. Somatostatin 3. Viral infection
d. Interleukin 4. Cancer Uses of
5. Haemophilia stem cells
3. Rewrite the following wrong
statements after corrections.
a. Changes in genes of the cells are
8. Identify and complete the following
brought about in non-genetic
correlations.
technique.
a. Insulin : Diabetes :: Interleukin : -- -- --
b. Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is b. Interferon : -- :: Erythropoietin :
introduced into soyabean. Anaemia.
4. Write short notes. c. ------- : Dwarfness :: Factor VIII :
a. Biotechnology: Professional uses. Haemophilia.
b. Importance of medicinal plants. d. White revolution : Dairy :: Blue
5. Answer the following questions in revolution : -- -- -- --.
your own words. 9. Write a comparative note on usefulness
a. Which products produced through and harmfulness of biotechnology.
biotechnology do you use in your daily Projects:
life? 1. Visit the organic manuring projects
b. Which precautions will you take nearby your place and collect more
during spraying of pesticides? information.
c. Why some of the organs in human 2. What will you do to increase public
body are most valuable? awareness about organ donation in
d. Explain the importance of fruit your area?
processing in human life? 3. Collect information about ‘green
e. Explain the meaning of vaccination. corridor’. Make a news-collection
6. Complete the following chart. about it.
Merits of
Biotechnology
100
Exercise
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word. 5. Give three examples of each.
a. Laughter club is a remedy to drive a. Hobbies to reduce stress.
away -- -- -- --. b. Diseases endangering the social
b. Alcohol consumption mainly health.
affects -- -- -- -- system. c. Physical problems arising due to
c. The act -- -- -- -- is to curb the cyber excessive use of mobile phones.
crimes. d. Activities under the jurisdiction of
2. Answer the following. cyber crime laws.
a. Which factors affect the social 6. What will you do? Why?
health? a. You are spending more time in
b. Which changes occur in persons internet/mobile games, phone, etc.
continuously using internet and b. Child of your neighbour is addicted
mobile phones? to tobacco chewing.
c. Which problems do the common c. Your sister has become
man faces due to incidences of incommunicative. She prefers to
cyber crime? remain alone.
d. Explain the importance of good d. You have to use free space around
communication with others. your home for good purpose.
3. Solve the following cross-word
e. Your friend has developed the hobby
1. Continuous consumption of
of snapping selfies.
alcoholic and tobacco-materials.
f. Your brother studying in XII has
2. This app may cause the cyber
developed the stress.
crimes.
7. What type of changes occurs in a
3. A remedy to resolve stress.
home having chronically ill old
4. Requirement for stress free life.
person? How will you help to maintain
5. Various factors affect -- -- -- health.
good atmosphere?
6. Art of preparing food items.
आ Project:
3 Enlist various factors affecting the
5 6 social health in your residential
4अ area. Decide the necessary changes
to correct the situation and
2
implement those changes.
1 Aई D D I C T I O N
4. Which are various ways to minimize
stress?
108
Always remember
1. Do not make chaos and push each other while using staircase in the school.
2. Remind important help-lines and use as per need. Ex. Police 100, Fire fighting force
101, Disaster Control Unit 108, Ambulance 102, etc.
3. Follow the traffic rules. Look at left and right sides while crossing the road and ensure
that any vehicle in not passing by.
4. Do not touch any unclaimed object. Do not spread rumours.
5. Do not make chaos at the crowded places.
Give up the Health
y life Follow the
addictions and is the
key to rules to avoid
stay happy succes
s disasters
Cleanliness
and health
always coexist
Today’s students are
future citizens of
country
Exercise
1. Complete the table. 3. Answer the following questions.
a. Explain the role of district disaster
(Motor accident, land sliding, forest control unit after occurrence of any
fire, theft, riot, war, epidemic, drought, disaster.
locust attack, financial crisis, flood, b. Give the reasons for increase in
famine) human disasters after the World
War-II.
Disaster Symptoms Effects Remedy c. Which are the objectives of disaster
management?
d. Why is it essential to get the training
of first aid?
e. Which different methods are used
for transportation of patients?
2. Write notes. Why?
a. Disaster management Authority 4. On the basis of the structure of disaster-
b. Nature of disaster management management authority, form the same
for your school.
c. Mock drill
5. Write down the reasons, effects and
d. Disaster Management Act, 2005
remedial measures taken for any two
disasters experienced by you.
119
6. Which different aspects of disaster a.
management would you check for
your school? Why? b.
7. Identify the type of disaster.
a. Terrorism b. Soil erosion
c. Hepatitis d. Forest fire
e. Famine f. Theft
8. Some symbols are given below.
Explain those symbols. Which c.
disasters may occur if those symbols
are ignored?
d.
Project:
1. Demonstrate the activities shown on
page no. 106 of std. IX textbook in
front of the students of other classes.
Make a video clip and send it to others.
2. Form a group of students from your
9. Explain that why is it said like that? school to demonstrate the mock drill
A] Mock drill is useful and demonstrate it in the school.
B] Effective disaster management
makes us well prepared for future.
10. Complete the following chart.
Properties of Predisaster
management
11. Following are the pictures of some
disasters. How will be your pre- and
post-disaster management in case
you face any of those disasters?
120