Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MUNTINLUPA CITY
SECOND PERIODICAL TEST IN EARTH SCIENCE
SY 2023-2024
Name: _________________________________________________ Score: ___________________
Grade Level and Section: _______________________________ Date: ____________________
Directions: Read each statement carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
1. When water filling a crack in a rock undergoes cycles of freezing and melting, which of the
following statements is true?
A. Water expands as it melts, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart.
B. Water expands as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart.
C. Water shrinks as it melts, causing the crack walls to be pulled closer together.
D. Water shrinks as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be drawn closer together.
2. Water interacts with calcites in caves, causing them to dissolve. Calcite in dripping water builds up
over many years to create stalagmites and stalactites. Which type of chemical weathering is
responsible for the creation of stalagmites and stalactites in caves?
A. dissolution B. hydrolysis C. exfoliation D. oxidation
3. Rainfall and temperature can affect the rate in which rocks weather. What two factors speed up
rates of chemical reaction and weathering in rocks and soils?
A. low temperatures; very dry C. low temperatures; very moist
B. high temperatures; very dry D. warm temperatures; very moist
4. Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Which of the following pertains to the process by
which gasses and dust of cloud were attracted by gravitational energy?
A. Accretion B. Gravitational pull C. Planetesimal D. Solidification
5. There are several sources that contribute to the internal heat of the earth. Which of the following is
not a major process that contributed to Earth’s internal heat?
A. Heat from the sun since the beginning of Earth history.
B. Heat released as iron crystallized to form the inner core.
C. Heat from radioactivity of radioactive isotopes within the Earth’s core.
D. Heat released by colliding particles during the formation of the planet.
6. How do radioactive isotopes emit heat energy and contribute to Earth’s internal heat?
A. by pressure freezing C. by preserving the primordial heat
B. by gravitational pressure D. by spontaneous radioactive decay
7. Heat flows from the different layers to the Earth. What type of heat transport occurs between the
mantle and the core?
A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Sublimation
8. What happens after magma is formed?
I. Magma escapes by intrusion.
II. Magma escapes by extrusion.
III. Magma escapes to the bodies of water.
IV. Magma escapes through a magma chamber.
A. I, II, and III B.I, III, and IV C. I, II, and IV D. II, III, and IV
9. Which geologic process takes place inside cracks and infiltrates the upper mantle allowing the
liquids and gases to reach the surface of the earth?
A. Hydration B. Plutonism C. Tectonic D. Volcanism
10. Geologist found out that rocks melt under various pressures. Which of the following best describes
how pressure affects the melting rocks?
A. Pressure has no effect on the melting point of rocks.
B. The higher the pressure, the lower the melting point.
C. The lower the pressure, the higher the melting point.
D. The higher the pressure, the higher the melting points.
11. On a local field trip, a group of students noticed that they are walking across a path made of rocks
that starts from a shale into a slate and into a phyllite. What can you infer to the direction taken
by the students in relation to the grades of metamorphic rocks?
A. It follows a decreasing metamorphic grade.
B. It indicates an increasing metamorphic grade.
C. It shows a decreasing degree of contact metamorphism.
D. It indicates an increasing degree of contact metamorphism.
12. Which of the following statements about metamorphism of a shale is false?
A. With increasing metamorphism, foliation develops.
B. With increasing metamorphism, the amount of water decreases.
C. With increasing metamorphism, the grain size of the minerals gets smaller.
D. With increasing metamorphism, the clay minerals breakdown to form micas.
13. While walking, Daniel picked up a rock that had been washed up on the beach. Noticing that it
has wavy bands of light and dark-colored minerals, he claimed that the rock is a metamorphic
rock. Which of the following inferences about its formation is correct?
A. Pressure was the main agent in rock’s formation which aligned the minerals into new
orientation.
B. The rock was formed through high pressure made by the impact of large body into the Earth’s
surface.
C. The minerals on the rocks were altered through recrystallization changing their size into large
crystals.
D. The bands in the rock were formed through deposition of minerals from the hot fluids that
surround it during formation process.
14. Which of the following correctly describes the major role of pressure in producing metamorphic
rocks?
A. Pressure leads to foliation in the rock.
B. Pressure decreases the size of mineral crystals.
C. Pressure leads to mineralogical changes in the rock.
D. Pressure facilitates change in mineral composition of the rock.
15. Mountains are result of high-impact stress caused when two plates collided. What kind of stress
caused it to form?
A. compressional stress B. rock stress C. shear stress D. tensional stress
16. A compressive stress was exerted on the rock layers forming a simple fold or bend. What is the
type of fold formed on the rock layers?
A. Anticline B. Incline C. Monocline D. Syncline
17. East African Rift formed by stress on rocks that causes the hanging wall to drop down. Which
among the type of fault does it belong?
A. Normal B. Reverse C. Strike slip D. Transverse
18. Reverse fault formed through the stress that causes the hanging wall to move up. Which among
the following are examples of this type of fault?
A. Himalayas B. East African Rift C. San Andreas D. West valley
19. Which is the correct sequence on seafloor spreading?
I. This forms new oceanic crust at the ridges
II. Magma moves up from the mantle and erupt as pillow lava
III. The new oceanic crust forms, it pushes the older crust aside.
IV. This crust eventually subducts at the deep ocean trenches and melt back into the mantle.
A. II, I, III, IV B. III, I, IV, II C. I, II, III, IV D. IV, III, II, I
20. In seafloor spreading, in which of the following parts does molten material rises from the mantle
and erupts or flows out?
A. Along mid-ocean ridges C. In the north and south poles
B. In the deep ocean trenches D. Along the edges of all continents
21. How did scientist discover that rocks farther away from the mid-ocean ridge were older than those
near it?
A. by mapping rocks on the sea floor using sonar
B. by measuring how fast sea floor spreading occurs
C. by observing eruptions of molten materials on the sea floor
D. by determining the age of rock samples obtained by drilling on the sea floor
22. Mr. Reynate wants to make research about the magnetic property of the sea floor. One day, he
joined his friend in making research. He notices that he used a device that detect magnetic field.
What do you call this instrument?
A. Magnetometer B.. Geologist’s compass C. Seismometer D. Sonar
23. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Wilson Cycle?
I. Young to mature mountain belts.
II. Narrow seas with matching coasts.
III. Ocean basin with continental margins.
IV. Narrow irregular seas with young mountains
V. Island arcs and trenches around basin edge
VI. Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent
A. I, II, III, IV, V, VI C. VI, V, IV, III, II, I
B. VI, II III, V, IV, I D. I, V, VI, IV, III, II
24. Which of the following refers to the seafloor mountain system?
A. Abyssal plain B. Seamount C. Continental slope D. Trench
25. Which of the following best describe continental slope?
A. It is where the ocean begins.
B. It was the flattest part of the ocean.
C. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust.
D. It is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor.
26. Which is an example of the ocean basin in mature stage?
A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts.
B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts.
C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins.
D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents.
27. Refer to the given illustration on the right. If the figure is a
movement of two continental plates, what land formation can be
formed?
A. Mountain B. Trench C. Ridge D. Valley
28. What plate boundary can be formed based on the illustration below?
A. Convergent plate boundary
B. Divergent plate boundary
C. Subduction plate boundary
D. Transform plate boundary
29. Convergent boundary between two oceanic crust results to subduction. Which of the following can
be formed in this scenario?
A. Cagayan Valley B. Mayon Volcano C. Manila Trench D. Sierra Madre
30. West Valley Fault may move and can cause high intensity and magnitude earthquake in Metro
Manila and nearby provinces. This is formed due to two plates ________________.
A. moving above each other C. moving away from each other
B. moving toward each other D. moving past each other
31. Which of the following principle states that all rock layers are continues until they encounter other
solid bodies that block their deposition?
A. Law of deposition C. Law of original horizontality
B. Law of superposition D. Law of lateral continuity
32. Which of the following describes the principle of cross cutting relationship?
A. The feature that cuts through layers is older than the layers it cuts.
B. Older layers cut through younger layers forming a criss-cross pattern.
C. Younger layers cut through older layers forming a criss-cross pattern.
D. The feature that cuts through layers is younger than the layers it cuts.
33. Superposition is an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks. Which of the following about this
is true?
A. The oldest rocks are on top. C. The youngest rocks are in the middle.
B. The youngest rocks are on top. D. There is no way to know which layers are older.
34. In a cliff, where are the oldest layers of rocks made of sedimentary rocks usually found?
A. At the top B. At the bottom C. In the middle D. Nowhere to be found
35. What method has helped scientist to determine the exact age of Earth?
A. Stratigraphy C. Relative dating
B. Absolute dating D. Complete dating
36. The half-life of carbon-14 is known to be 5,730 years. It is the most popular and widely used types
of radioactive isotope. Why do you think it is a good element to use to date fossils and some rock?
A. Shorter half-life means more accurate age. C. After another 5,730 years, half of that decays.
B. The higher the percentage, the older the rock. D. The parent isotopes remain after ten
half- lives.
37. What technique explains that the lowest layer of rock is the oldest while the topmost layer is the
youngest layer?
A. Absolute dating B. Dendrochronology C. Relative dating D. Stratigraphy
38. What is the importance of dating fossils?
A. It determines the age of fossils. C. It determines the sample of fossils.
B. It identifies the amount of fossils. D. It determines the particles in fossils.
39. Which geological dating technique is very effective when it comes to radioactive isotopes or
radiocarbon dating?
A. Radioactive isotopes B. Radiometric dating C. Relative ages D. Relative dating
40. Which law of stratigraphy states that any rock, fault, or structure that cuts another rock or other
structure is younger than the rock or structure it cuts?
A. Law of deposition C. Law of lateral continuity
B. Law of superposition D. Law of cross-cutting relationship
41. Which geological dating technique arranges them in the geological order of their formation?
A. Absolute dating B. Radioactive decay C. Radioactive isotopes D. Relative dating
42. Why is absolute and relative dating important in the geologic timescale?
A. It shows geologic time intervals.
B. It provides the numerical age of the events.
C. It provides random order and date of events.
D. It provides the unique succession of events in the layers of rocks.
43. Rock A is located 10 km away from Rock B. They have the same age. Which of the following
describes this scenario?
A. They both contain index fossils. C. They make up the same components.
B. They may contain the same fossils. D. They may have come from a single location.
44. Which of the following refers to index fossils?
A. Fossils that existed from a specific location.
B. Fossils that existed for limited time periods.
C. Fossils that existed as remains of the whole body or parts of it.
D. Fossils that existed as tracks, burrows, or even dung of organisms.
45. Which of the following describe the principle of fossil succession?
A. Fossils succeed one another in an indefinite order.
B. Rocks of the same age may contain the same fossils.
C. Any time period can be recognized by the fossils present.
D. Fossils are fragments of organisms which hardened into rock.
46. Why are index fossils important in creating the geologic time scale?
A. Index fossils provide a longer span of geologic time.
B. Index fossils highlight important events in the geologic time scale.
C. The long time frame of index fossils makes them useful in dating rocks.
D. Subdivisions of geologic time scale are based on the time frames of index fossils.
47. Jose is a Grade 11 student and he was asked to arrange the correct order of geologic time in his
science class. Which of the order is correct from smallest to largest unit geologic time scale?
A. Era → Eon → Period → Epoch C. Epoch → Period → Era → Eon
B. Eon → Era → Period → Epoch D. Eon → Era → Epoch → Period
48. Archean eon is the time when the Earth cooled down and able to support continents and oceans
while Paleozoic eon is the time when rapid expansion of life occurred.
A. Both statements are true. C. Only the first statement is true.
B. Both statements are false. D. Only the second statement is true.
49. Which of the following are true about eras?
A. Paleozoic refers to the age of vertebrates.
B. Cenozoic is referred to as the age of mammals.
C. Mesozoic is also called the age of invertebrates.
D. Proterozoic is marked by the appearance of earliest forms of life.
50. How do the subdivisions of the geologic time scale determine the Earth’s history?
A. They represent 88% of the Earth’s history.
B. They show events that begun 542 million years ago.
C. They contain major events that happened in the past.
D. They contain events that happened since the formation of Earth.