Topic-Structural Engineering
1. Basic structure and shape.
2. Hull components.
3. Dimensions of major components.
4. Material used for construction.
5 Structural views.
6. constructional sequence.
7. Docking and Thrusting
1. Basic shapes and structure the basic shapes which we are using in
our project are TORUS, CLAINDER and SPHER.
1. Torus
The main types of torus include we are using ring torus. A ring torus is sometime colloquially
referred to as a donative the axis of revolution does not touch the circle, the surface has a
ring shape and is called a torus of revolution also known as a ring torus. If the axis of
revolution is tangent to the circle, surface is known as horn torus.
2. Cylinder
A cylinder may also be defined as an infinitecurvilinear surface in various modern branches
of geometry and topology. The shift in the basic meaning solid versus surface as in ball and
sphere has created some ambiguity with terminology. The two concepts may be
distinguished by referring to solid cylindrical [Link] literature the unadorned term
cylinder could refer to either of these or to an even more space allied object. The right
circular cylindric section in the intersection of a cylinder’s surface with a plane they are in
general, curves and, are special types of plane section. The cylindric section by a plane that
contains two elements of cylinder is a parallelogram.
3. Sphere
A sphere is a geometrical object that is thedimensionalanalogue to a two-dimensional circle.
Formally, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in
the three dimensions. That given point is the centre of the sphere, and r is the spheres
radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of ancient methanation.
2. Hul components
1. Torus A
Torus A is for industrial zone. The types of industries are .1-mining industry.2- agricultural
industry.3-textile industry. 4-Electric industry.
2. Torus B
Torus B is for agricultural zone-In the supply of food to space station and other long duration
missions in [Link] astronaut one the international requires approximately 1.8 km of
food and packaging per day.
3. Torus C
Torus C is for Habitation [Link], habitation zone means that the distance between
the star and planet where the planet is suitable for life.
4. Torus D
Torus D is for Waste management. In this zone we purify the urine of humans. We will use 3r
system.
5. Torus E
In this zone we will do scientific researches.
6. Torus F
Torus F is for recreation and entertainment zone. This will be the torus where people will go
to enjoy or spend their leisure time.
3. Dimensions of major components.
4. Material used for construction
1. Carbon nanotubes: -
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have diameters around 0.5-2.0 nanometres,
about 1000,000 times smaller than the width of human [Link] can be idealized as cutouts
from a two-dimensional graphene sheet rolled up to from a hollow cylinder. Multi-walled
carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of nested, tube-in-tube structure. Double and triple-
walled carbon nanotubes Carbon nanotubes can exhibit remarkable properties such as
exception tensile strength and thermal conductivity because of their nanostructure and
strength of the bonds between carbon atoms. Some SWCNT structure exhibit high electrical
conductivity while others are semiconductors. In addition, carbon nanotubes can be
chemically modified.
2. M5 fibres: -
Di imidazopyridine or PIPD is a high-strength synthetic fibre first developed by the Dutch
chemical firm [Link]’s produced in the United States by the Magellan systems
international, which became a division of DuPont.
Properties: -M5 has tensile strength of 4 to 9.5G, Other aramids-(such as Kevlar and Taron)
or UHMWPE-fibres (such as Dyneme and Spectra) range from 2.2 to 3.9 Gap. M5 has “very
high levels” of fire resistance, flame retardancy, and chemical resistance, flame retardancy
and chemical resistance, especially high for an organic Fiber. It is less brittle than carbon
fibre and will yield stretched.
3. Graphene: -
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a
hexagonal lattice nanostructure. The name is derived from “graphite” and the suffix,
reflecting the fact that the graphite allotrope of carbon contains numerous double bonds.
Each atom in a graphene sheet is connected to its three nearest neighbours by sigma-bond
and a delocalised pie-bond, which contributes to a valance band that extend over the whole
sheet. This is the sametype of bonding seen in carbon nanotubes and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, and (partially) in fullerenes and glassy [Link] valence band s touched by
a conduction band, making graphene a semimetal with unusual electronic properties that
are best described by theories for massless relative partial.
4. Silica/quartz glass: -
Fused quartz, fused silica or quartz glass is a glass consisting of almost pure silica (silicon
dioxide, SiO2) in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. This differs from all other commercial
glasses in which change the glasses’ optical and physical properties such as lowering the
melt [Link] quartz, therefore, has high working and melting temperatures,
making it less desirable for most common [Link] terms fused quartz and fused
silica are used interchangeably but can refer to different manufacturing techniques, as noted
below, resulting in different trace impurities. However fused quartz being in the glassy state
has quite different physical properties compared to crystalline quartz. Due to itsphysical
properties in finds specialty uses in semiconductor fabrication and laboratory equipment, for
instance.
5. Aerogels: -
Aerogels are a class of synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the
liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas, without significant collapse of
the gel structure. The result is a solid with extremely low density and extremely low thermal
conductivity. Aerogels can be made from a variety of chemical compounds. Silica aerogels
feel like fragile expanded polystyrene to the touch, whilesome polymer-based aerogels feel
like rigid foams. The first documented example of an aerogel was created by Samuel
Stephens Kistler in 1931, as a result of a bet with Charles learned over who could replace the
liquid in “jellies” with gas without causing shrinkage. Aerogels are produced by extracting
the liquid component of a gel thought supercritical drying or freeze-drying. This allows the
liquid to be slowly dried off without causing the solid matrixin the gel to collapse from
capillary action, as would happen with conventional evaporation. The first aerogels were
produced from silica gels Kistler’s later work involved aerogels based on alumina, chromia
and tin dioxide. Carbon aerogels were developed in the late 1980s.
5. Structural view
7. Constructional Sequence
Step1:- The construction of the settlement shall start with the construction shall start with
the construction shall start from its middle to its ends. This step shall also include the
construction of connecting spokes for Torus A, B, C, D, E and F along with sphere at the
interface of connecting spokes and central cylinder. It will take at list 2.5 years to complete.
Step2:- This step shall start after complete welding of joints in step1. This step shall include
mesh construction of the sub-cylinder and the upper and the lower docking and thrusting
sections along with the exterior tiling of central cylinder and connecting spokes of the Torus
A, B, C, D, E and F. It will take 2 years to complete.
Step3:- This step shall be initiated after the completion of step2. In this step. The mesh of
the torus A, B and C shall be constructed. This step shall also include the exterior tiling of
sub-cylinder upper and lower docking and thrusting section. It will take 1.5 years to
complete.
Step4:- This step shall start immediately after the welding of mesh in step3 has been done.
The exterior tiling of Torus A, B and C shall be complete in this step and the mesh
construction of torus D, E and F would start there after. It will take 1.5 years to complete.
Step5:- After the mesh construction of the spokes for torus A, B and C would started. The
tiling of torus D, E and F also done in this step. It will take 2.5 years to complete.
Step6:- This step shall start with the mesh construction of torus A, B and C because it takes
double layered mesh shall. Torus frame work should be done in order to provide extra
strength. The tiling of the spokes for this torus shall be done alongside. It will take 3 years to
complete.
Step7:- This step shall start after complete welding of meshes in step6. In this step the
exterior tiling of residential torus A, B and C shall be done. The interior down surface of
central cylinder, torus D, E and F shall be complete alongside. It will take 3 years to complete.
Step8:- The final step shall include the installation of industries in torus A and central
cylinder, solar panels, life support system, mirrors mirrors, A, B and C, pressurization of
volumes. The interior construction of the residential torus A, B and C shall be done in this
steep. With the sealing of hull components of the settlement, it would make the settlement,
it would make the settlement ready for the residents to move in and start new life. It will
take 4 years to complete.
7. Docking and Thrusting
1. Docking:-
A docking refers to joining of two separate free-flying space vehicles. Berthing refers to
mating operations where a passive module/vehicle is placed into the mating interface of
another space vehicle by using a robotic arm. Because the modern process of un-berthing
requires more crew labour and is time-consuming, berthing options are unsuited for rapid
crew evacuations in the event of an emergency. The NASA docking system is NASA’s
implementation of the International Docking System Standard (IDSS), an international space
craft docking standard promulgated by the international space station multilateral
coordination Board, NDS is a spacecraft docking and berthing mechanism used on the (ISS)
and the boiling star liner and planned to be used on the Orion space craft the international
low impact docking system was the precursor to the NDS block 1 was designed and built by
the Boeing company in Houston, TX. Design qualification testing took place through January
2017. Using NDS, NASA developed the international Docking Adapter to provide two IDSS-
compliant docking ports on the ISS. The IDAs were delivered to the ISS starting in 2016. Each
of two existing pressurized mating adapters has an IDA permanently attached so the former
PMA function is no longer available for visiting space craft since 2019, visiting spacecraft
dock to the NDS ports on the IDAs. These include crew dragon cargo dragon 2 and Boeing
star liner.
2. Thrusters
A provision of Hellion Double Layer Thrusters (HDLT) at the end and the lower end of the
central hub enables the movement of settlement from its original in case asteroid or other
space debris obstructs its trajectory. Injecting gas into the tubular region, causes antenna
(wrapped around the chamber) to emit electromagnetic wave due to which the gas breaks
down and result in plasma formation. Plasma gets heated when the antenna excites a
helicon wave in the plasma. There is a constant magnetic field in the source tube (supplied
by solenoids), while going away from the source region whose magnitude decreases. The
source region has high density plasma where as the exhaust region has low density plasma.
Between both these regions there exists a sharp boundary which is associated with acute
change in electric potential. Higher electric potential exists within the source as compared to
the exhaust region. This difference leads to rapid change in plasma properties which is
defined as current free electric double layer Thrusting sections
[Link] Thrusting section: - the upper thrusting section shall be located at the upper end of
central hub. It will be provided with three HDL thrusters the middle thrusters shall have a
radius of 10m and the other two thrusters shall have radius of 7m respectively. These
thrusters shall be used for thrusting the settlement in downward direction.
2. Lower Thrusting Section: - The lower thrusting section shall be located at the lower end of
central hub. It will be provided with three HDL thrusters; the Middle thrusters shall have a
radius of 10mand the other two thrusters shall have radius of 7m respectively. These
thrusters shall be used for thrusting the settlement in upward direction.