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Answer Booklet

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 Contents
1. The Sentence ....................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Phrases and Clauses ........................................................................................................................... 3

3. Articles and their Uses ......................................................................................................................... 5

4. Nouns: Kinds ........................................................................................................................................ 5

5. Pronouns .............................................................................................................................................. 6

Worksheet 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 7

6. Adjectives ............................................................................................................................................. 8

7. Verbs .................................................................................................................................................... 9

8. Auxiliaries and Modals ......................................................................................................................... 10

9. Adverbs ................................................................................................................................................ 10

10. Prepositions.......................................................................................................................................... 11

Worksheet 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 11

11. Conjunctions ........................................................................................................................................ 12

12. The Present Tense ............................................................................................................................... 13

13. The Past Tense ..................................................................................................................................... 16

14. The Future Tense ................................................................................................................................. 19

15. Active and Passive Voice ..................................................................................................................... 22

Worksheet 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 23

16. Direct and Indirect Speech .................................................................................................................... 24

17. Transformation of Sentences ................................................................................................................ 24

18. Punctuation ........................................................................................................................................... 25

Worksheet 4 ......................................................................................................................................... 25

19. Figures of Speech ................................................................................................................................ 26

20. Vocabulary .......................................................................................................................................... 26

21. Comprehension ...................................................................................................................................... 27

22. Dialogue Writing ................................................................................................................................ 28

23. Diary Writing ..................................................................................................................................... 29

24. Notice Writing .................................................................................................................................... 30

25. Paragraph Writing ................................................................................................................................ 32

26. Advertisements .................................................................................................................................... 33

Test Paper–1 ..................................................................................................................................... 33

Test Paper–2 ..................................................................................................................................... 34

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1 The Sentence

Page-8
A. Subject: The subject is a word or phrase that tells about who/what someone or something is or does.
 Predicate: Predicate is the part of the sentence that says something about the subject.
1. Monica plans to go to Pune.
2. Rajat Kumar is trying to occupy that plot of land.
3. Manisha Koirala acted in many Hindi movies.
4. The Tower of Pisa is leaning towards one side.
5. My teacher will teach me grammar in the evening.

Page-9
B. Subject Predicate Subject Predicate
1. The cat catches the rat 2. The boys shot an arrow into the air
3. The earth revolves round the sun 4. My brother became a teacher
5. The old man walked with a stick 6. My sister sang a song
C. 1. Sunday 2. The sun 3. New Delhi 4. Kamal Kumar 5. Mrs. Nisha Kapoor
D. 1. was sitting on a footpath. 2. will teach me how to play chess.
3. help all the students in school. 4. prescribed me a two-day course of medicines.
5. will bake a pizza in the evening.
E. 1. Assertive 2. Interrogative 3. Assertive 4. Imperative 5. Exclamatory
6. Assertive 7. Interrogative 8. Imperative 9. Exclamatory 10. Assertive

2 Phrases and Clauses

Page-12
A. 1. Clause 2. Phrase 3. Clause 4. Phrase 5. Clause 6. Clause 7. Clause
8. Phrase
Page-13
B. 1. You can borrow my coat if you want.
2. My teacher didn’t agree to what I said.
3. I can help you if you want to buy inexpensive shoes.
4. She never thought that playing could be such a fun.
5. If I do your work, what will you do?
6. My uncle bought beautiful toys which I liked a lot.
7. We can meet the teacher after the period is over.
8. He is the same boy who got the first prize.
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 Page-14
C. 1. what he said 2. who rang the bell 3. what she says
4. when he will come 5. What is good for you 6. if she is okay
7. whatever you want 8. what I am going to say 9. what you made me
10. who will not come tomorrow

Page-15
D. 1. which 2. who 3. where 4. whose 5. whom
6. whom 7. who 8. that 9. who 10. that

Page-17 & 18
E. 2. The school bus had to wait till the children were not there.
3. As soon as my mother saw me at the gate, she came running to greet me.
4. The children waited until their mother came back.
5. As the boys heard the bell ringing, they ran out of the class.
6. While mother cooked the food, I washed the clothes.
F. 1. We eat so that we may live. 2. Gopal is so intelligent that he can solve maths questions orally.
3. He works hard so that he can have a lot of wealth.
4. Kamini ran so fast that she overtook a bike on the road.
5. This dress is so costly that I cannot buy it.
6. Aarti works hard so that she could pass the examination.

Page-18 & 19
G. 1. as if he were tired - adverb clause of condition
2. if I had a million rupees - adverb clause of condition
3. in case you feel sick - adverb clause of condition
4. as Lata Mangeshkar does - adverb clause of manner
5. unless you have a ticket - adverb clause of condition
6. wherever you want - adverb clause of place
7. though she began late - adverb clause of concession
8. because it is dark outside - adverb clause of reason
9. since you repent - adverb clause of reason
10. provided I get them at discount - adverb clause of condition
11. because her cycle got punctured - adverb clause of reason
12. as she was told - adverb clause of manner
13. lest you should fall down - adverb clause of condition
14. because we made a mistake - adverb clause of reason
15. till I finish this task - adverb clause of time
H. 1. A lion is an animal which is very strong. 2. A novelist is a person who writes novels.
3. The Chinese speaking girl’s mother cooks what is said to be rice dumplings.
4. A detective is who discovers the truth about crimes.
5. My aunt lives where the Taj Mahal is located.
6. My father is as busy as a bee is.
7. He is the same actor whom I saw on the beach.
8. Keep a journal with you where you can note down the important points in the conference.

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 3 Articles and their Uses

Page-22
A. 1. the 2. A, the 3. the 4. the 5. a, an, a 6. a 7. an, a 8. the

Page-23
B. 1. I admire the honesty of this boy. 2. Draw a map of India. 3. How blue the sky looks!
4. I will reach there by noon. 5. A tomato is always good to eat.
6. Have you ever seen an elephant? 7. Pooja is a naughty girl. 8. Iron is a useful metal.
C. 1. a. the 2. b. no article 3. b. the 4. b. an 5. c. the 6. b. a
7. b. a 8. a. an 9. b. a 10. b. The

4 Nouns: Kinds

Page-24 & 25
A. 1. Lata, trophy 2. Dogs, tails 3. Anamika, daughter 4. Sagar, Chandigarh
5. Bread, flour 6. medicine, bottle 7. boat, river 8. brother, test
9. oxen, carts 10. partridge, cage 11. building, stones 12. school
13. cousin, story 14. quadrupeds 15. Birds, turtles
B. 1. pencil 2. cousin 3. friends 4. cats 5. India
6. Farmers 7. boy 8. Delhi 9. story 10. doctor

Page-26
C. Common Noun : wolves, forest, houses, chairs, river, bitch, pups, roof, house, slate, plane, fireman, fire,
time, motherland, land, labourer, building, floors, sugarcane, proposal, ministry, shirt
Proper Noun : Tom, Ganga, India, Mumbai
Material Noun : wood, cane, liner fabric
Collective Noun : pack, litter, committee
Abstract Noun : childhood

Page-27
D. 1. Taj Mahal 2. Scripture, Hindus 3. Prime Minister, India 4. home 5. team 6. gang
7. school 8. wood, glass 9. clay 10. council
E. 1. b. 2. b. 3. b. 4. b. 5. b. 6. b. 7. a. 8. b.

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 5 Pronouns

Page-30
A. 1. her Personal pronoun 2. We Personal pronoun
3. you Personal pronoun 4. himself Reflexive pronoun
5. himself Reflexive pronoun 6. herself, she Reflexive pronoun, Personal pronoun
7. I, myself Personal pronoun, Emphatic pronoun
8. It, itself Personal pronoun, Reflexive pronoun
9. This Demonstrative pronoun
[Link] Demonstrative pronoun
[Link], Whom, they Personal pronoun, Interrogative pronoun, Personal pronoun
[Link], you Interrogative pronoun, Personal pronoun
13. these Demonstrative pronoun
[Link], you Interrogative pronoun, Personal pronoun
15. It, I, who Personal pronoun, Personal pronoun, Relative pronoun
[Link], whose Demonstrative pronoun, Relative pronoun
17. That, which, I Demonstrative pronoun , Relative pronoun, Personal pronoun
18. Someone Indefinite pronoun
19. I, her Personal pronoun, Personal pronoun
20. Anybody, him Indefinite pronoun, Personal pronoun

Page-31
B. 1. what 2. that 3. whom 4. ourselves 5. yours 6. this
7. themselves 8. which
C. 1. him 2. I 3. we 4. he 5. me 6. hers 7. yours 8. her

Page-31 & 32
D. 1. herself She cooks her food herself.
She herself managed the entire show.
2. themselves They call themselves the warriors.
The residents themselves stood guard to prevent the entry of outsiders.
3. ourselves We welcomed the chief guest ourselves.
We ourselves cleaned the house without taking any help of maid.
4. myself I stared this youTube channel myself.
I myself trained him for the championship.
5. itself The dog searched for food itself.
The car itself drove to the bus stop.
6. himself He introduced himself as the editor-in chief.
Rakesh himself washed his clothes.
7. herself Kritika wrote the essay herself without anyone’s help.
Margret herself bought the daily supplies.
E. 2. This is a rare species of turtle which is found only in Lakshadweep.
3. This is the gold diamond necklace that was stolen one week ago.
4. This is the same person whom I was telling you about.
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 5. I want the stainless steel ruler which Vishakha has.
6. Where are the movie tickets which I paid for yesterday.
7. This is the man whose son failed in the annual exams.
8. These are the pens which I bought yesterday.

Worksheet 1
Page-33
A. 1. is a continent 2. is growing exponentially
3. are protesting against the slow disbursal of funds 4. begins at home
5. are here to meet Mr. Johnson
B. 1. Players have been practising in the stadium for four hours.
2. Let us start the work with determination.
3. What were you doing when the earthquake took place?
4. What a lovely garden you have!
5. Lavya is not a part of this team after the disappointing match.
6. Complete this task by tomorrow evening.
7. Please join us for dinner today.
8. What an exciting and interesting film it was!
C. 1. Noun Phrase 2. Adjective Phrase 3. Adverb Phrase 4. Verb Phrase
5. Prepositional Phrase
D. 1. Whether you like it or not— adverb clause 2. when they heard the teacher’s voice— adverb clause
3. who wrote this book— adjective clause 4. who was the chief guest— adjective clause
5. before it got too late— adverb clause
E. The, a, the, the, the, a, a, the, a
F. 1. Sachin— Proper noun performance— Common noun
2. jury— Collective noun opinion— Abstract noun
3. Rajendra Prasad— Proper noun president— Common noun India— Proper noun
4. trust— Abstract noun
5. shepherd— Common noun flock— Collective noun sheep— Common noun
6. Cleanliness— Abstract noun godliness—Abstract noun
7. ring— Common noun anniversary— Common noun
8. Rajdhani Express— Proper noun
G. 1. Whom 2. mine 3. Which 4. what 5. Someone 6. me
7. Everyone 8. that

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 6 Adjectives

Page-37
A. Quality
: serious, famous new, expensive, long beaked, annual, big, hot, honest, valiant, worthless,
crowded, discouraging, green, sound
Demonstrative : this
Interrogative : 
Quantity : great, little, little
Number : fourth
Possessive : Her, His, Her, Her, my, her

Page-38
B. 1. dangerous 2. glorious 3. harmful 4. faithful 5. heroic 6. worthy
7. reddish 8. wooden 9. brotherly 10. bookish 11. costly 12. interesting
13. needy 14. helpful 15. useful 16. profitable 17. motherly 18. lovely
19. hateful 20. accidental

Page-38 & 39
C. 1. resplendent — predicative 2. broad — attributive
3.  4. slow — predicative
5. dark — attributive 6. bright — predicative
7. Her, sweet — attributive, predicative 8. sweet, tasty — attributive, predicative
D.1. I went to a hilly area last week. (attributive)
The rest of the reach seems hilly from this point. (predicative)
2. We can sow crops in fertile fields. (attributive)
The area under my control seemed fertile. (predicative)
3. Do not buy this costly watch. (attributive)
The cake I bought for you was costly. (predicative)
4. The consultant gave a valuable advice to me. (attributive)
Some assets become valuable over time. (predicative)
5. The hard surface of the vessel is where the cheese is lying. (attributive)
The mass of soil became hard due to natural forces. (attributive)

Page-40
E. 2. Recently, I purchased a very strong, tall, black table.
3. A little, pocket-size, black piece of cloth will be enough to cover the hole in my trousers.
4. I have a long, shining, brown ladder in my personal library.
5. The heavy, round, red bag fell from the roof of a moving bus.
6. The chef surprised the manager with his nourishing, sweet, yellow dessert.
7. The poor, agricultural Indian workers requested for a loan waiver.
8. It was altogether a hot, cold, dry season of the year.
9. The new movie was based on the sad, horrible, short lifespan of young cancer patients.
10. The newly designed wagon is made up of costly, new, red material outsourced from Japan.
11. The lady was rich, gentle yet kind enough to donate `50,000.
12. The substance is derived from a light yet strong wooden polymer.
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Page-41 & 42
F.1. Milk is a useful product.
My gadget is more useful than yours.
The electric kettle is the most useful appliance in my room.
2. The pretty girl stopped to look at the vase.
If you use this lotion on your face, you will become prettier than before.
Karina is the prettiest girl in the entire batch.
3. My father is 6 feet 1 inch tall.
Rajat is taller than Karan.
Kamal is the tallest boy in the class.
4. My cousin is good at English.
Monica is better than Misha in all subjects.
Jia is the best student in my class.
5. You need to do much hardwork to understand grammar.
The efforts put in by you are more than those put in by me.
Mr. Jagat Singh invested his most money in mutual funds.
G. Positive Comparative Superlative Positive Comparative Superlative
1. bright brighter brightest 2. beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
3. great greater greatest 4. small smaller smallest
5. wise wiser wisest 6. wonderful more wonderful most wonderful
7. good better best 8. cold colder coldest
9. pleasant more pleasant most pleasant 10. ripe riper ripest

7 Verbs

Page-45 & 46
A. 1. crawled 2. booked 3. attended 4. builds 5. Peel, fry 6. recaptured
7. hailed 8. lodged 9. examined 10. narrated
B. 1. does - finite 2. wrote - finite 3. examined - finite 4. tried - finite
5. Finding - non-finite 6. completed - finite 7. has - finite
8. to laugh - non-finite 9. cleaned - finite 10. speaks - finite
11. to operate - non-finite 12. rode - finite 13. stealing - non-finite
14. swimming - non-finite 15. checking - finite
C. 1 Swimming 2. Letting 3. Running 4. to board 5. seeing

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 8 Auxiliaries and Modals

Page-51 & 52
A. 1. must 2. may 3. should 4. may 5. might 6. used to 7. should
8. should 9. will 10. could
B. 1. was going 2. had won 3. had rained 4. I am planning 5. were playing
6. Have, started 7. has never insulted 8. will go
C. 1. might 2. can 3. can 4. might 5. could, should
6. may 7. could 8. can

9 Adverbs

Page-55
A. 1. He is coming here timely. 2. I visit the hill occasionally.
3. The programme was held here. 4. The accident happened there.
5. He always talks loudly. 6. The girls are dancing happily.
7. The man acted irresponsibly. 8. You drive fast.
9. He talked to me lovingly. 10. Will you tell me frankly?

Page-57
B. 1. The tortoise was walking slowly. 2. The bulbul sings sweetly. 3. The soldiers fight bravely.
4. Never tell a lie. 5. Always speak the truth. 6. Go for a walk daily.
7. This magazine is published monthly. 8. The teacher talked to the child gently.
9. He frequently comes to this place. 10. The deer ran fast to save its life.
11. The dog barked at the man angrily. 12. The children were sleeping soundly.
13. He listened to me attentively. 14. He easily solved the sum.
15. The kite went up high in the sky. 16. The boys went outside.

Page-58
C. 1. faster 2. more 3. earlier 4. longest 5. hard 6. brighter
7. fast 8. more neatly
D. 1. How 2. When 3. How 4. When 5. Where 6. Why
E. 1. I have seen the building where Mr. Ambani lives.
2. It was evening when Malvika called me.
3. I do not know the exact reason why he is sad.
4. There are some villages in India where road connectivity is not present.
5. It was the Mesozoic Era when dinosaurs lived on the earth.
6. There are some definite reasons why the people are moving to cities.
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Page-59
F. 1. quite - adverb of degree 2. usually - adverb of frequency
3. yesterday - adverb of time 4. 
5. too - adverb of degree 6. now - adverb of time
7. back - adverb of place 8. Firstly - adverb of time
9. immediately - adverb of time 10. secretly - adverb of manner
G. It was a beautiful summer afternoon, with the sun shining brightly. I excitedly phoned my friends, asking them to
come over quickly for a barbecue. After making the calls I quickly drove into town to buy some food and drink.
When I arrived at the shop, I was very surprised at how busy it was. Everyone must have been shopping for a
barbecue!
The first shop I visited had completely run out of sausage. The next shop had some left, so I happily bought
some. After visiting a few more shops, I had finally finished my shopping. But I was starting to worry, as it was 6
pm and I had invited my friends to visit at 6:30 p.m.
I hastily rushed to the car parking with all of my shopping and threw it in the boot. I noticed that the cars were
moving slowly out of the car park and there was a bit of a traffic jam. It was 6:30 pm when I arrived home and I
was extremely worried. As I drove into my drive, I smiled happily when I saw my friends sitting in my front garden.
Finally they had realised I was stuck at the shops and they waited for me. We had a wonderful barbecue!

10 Prepositions

Page-63
A. 1. on 2. at 3. on 4. in 5. at
B. 1. off, towards 2. from 3. over 4. into 5. to
C. 1. Aboard Once aboard the flight, I slept soundly.
The manager welcomed the new employee aboard.
2. Along They were walking along a narrow street.
The trekkers continued to plod along.
3. Below There was a stain below the pocket of his jacket.
He fell past the tree and onto the ground below.
4. Inside There is an envelope inside the drawer.
Mom called me inside.
5. Out The thief ran out the door.
Hiren asked me to go out.
D. 1. of 2. of 3. of 4. for 5. with
Worksheet 2
Page-64
A. 1. little : Adjective of quantity 2. ferocious : Adjective of quality
dangerous : Adjective of quality
3. round : Adjective of quality 4. enough : Adjective of quantity
rainy : Adjective of quality
5. three : Adjective of number 6. Those : Demonstrative adjective
tasty : Adjective of quality
7. Whose : Interrogative adjective 8. Her : Possessive adjective
complex : Adjective of quality
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 9. third : Adjective of number 10. cold : Adjective of quality
my : Possessive adjective
B. 1. Sahil bought a packet of pens. 2. She speaks French fluently.
3. Finding the gates widely open, the thief went inside. 4. Amit spends his free time collecting old coins.
5. Walking is good for health.
C. 1. He is too weak to walk. 2. Walking on the road, Rita saw a poor child.
3. Ria stopped talking to her brother. 4. John decided to manage the company.
5. I heard an exciting news.

Page-64 & 65
D. 1. should 2. ought to 3. may 4. must 5. dare 6. may 7. should
8. may 9. must 10. should
E. 1. frequently 2. melodiously 3. never 4. enough 5. well
6. usually 7. quite 8. yet
F. 1. in 2. with 3. to 4. to 5. of

11 Conjunctions

Page-68
A. 1. that : subordinating conjunction
2. if : subordinating conjunction
3. Unless : subordinating conjunction
4. either or : correlative conjunction
5. for : coordinating conjunction
6. yet : coordinating conjunction
7. Although : subordinating conjunction
8. whether : coordinating conjunction
9. but : coordinating conjunction
10. 

Page-69
B. 1. The driver drove the car fast but he could not reach on time.
2. Zakir loves cooking, so he cooks for everyone at home.
3. My car was broken, so I took it to the mechanic.
4. My son does not eat green vegetables nor does he eat seasonal fruits.
5. The challan penalty was high for Ranjan had jumped the red light.
C. 1. wherever 2. either...or 3. until 4. and 5. so...that 6. Although 7. after 8. than

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 12 The Present Tense

Page-71
A. 1. knows 2. works 3. eats 4. live 5. starts
6. writes 7. play 8. eats 9. begins 10. exercise

Page-72
B. 1. My sister does not go to school on foot. 2. I do not learn my lesson every morning.
3. The planets revolve around the sun. 4. Water evaporates on heating.
5. Vivek does not work hard when his class tests come near.
6. He does not go to office at 9 o’clock.
7. He does not call his mother every day.
8. My parents do not allow me to play video games.

Page-73
C. 1. Do I play cricket everyday? 2. Do Aastha and Anita exercise every morning?
3. Does my father help the needy people? 4. Does my mother cook food in the kitchen?
5. Do they work hard in the school? 6. Does the peon ring the school bell?
7. Does the ceiling fan run smoothly? 8. Does a commercial airplane fly at an altitude of
35,000 feet?

Page-74
D. 1. (i) Who teaches you English? 2. (i) In which city do you live?
(ii) Does Mr. Kapoor teach us English? (ii) Do I live in Mumbai?
3. (i) Why does Anju go in the evening? 4. (i) When does the tournament begin?
(ii) Does Anju go to see her grandmother in the evening? (ii) Does the tournament begin next week?
5. (i) What does my grandpa read daily?
(ii) Does my grandpa read newspaper daily?

Page-75
E. 1. Doesn’t she go for a walk everyday?
2. Don’t I get up early in the morning?
3. Doesn’t the boiling point of water depend on the atmospheric pressure ?
4. Doesn’t it take two to make a company?
5. Doesn’t Sahil go to workshop on time?

Page-76
F. 1. are tilling 2. are selling 3. is watering 4. are reading 5. is singing 6. is going

Page-76 & 77
G. 1. is raining 2. are staying
It is not raining cats and dogs outside. We are not staying at a friend’s place.
3. is designing
My sister is not designing the interior of our house.

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 Page-77
H.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
1. You are quarrelling with You are not quarrelling with Are you quarrelling with
your friend. your friend. your friend?
2. Riya and Priya are reading Riya and Priya are not Are Riya and Priya reading
storybook. reading a storybook. a storybook?
3. She is playing badminton. She is not playing Is she playing badminton?
badminton.
Page-78
I. 1. (i) How is it raining outside? 2. (i) What are the children watching?
(ii) Is it raining heavily outside? (ii) Are the children watching T.V.?
3. (i) Whom am I writing a letter to? 4. (i) Where are they going tomorrow?
(ii) Am I writing a letter to the municipal commissioner? (ii) Are they going to fitness camp tomorrow?
5. (i) What is Manika training hard for?
(ii) Is Manika training hard for the upcoming shooting championship?

Page-79
J. 1. Isn’t he doing his homework? 2. Am I not playing football?
3. Aren’t you telling a lie? 4. Aren’t they taking their breakfast?
5. Isn’t he writing a very good essay on ‘population’?

Page-80
K. 1. The babies have cried. 2. The mother has fed her baby.
3. I have played cricket in the ground. 4. You have written a letter.
5. We have gone to school by bus. 6. They have spoken the truth.
7. I have waited for your reply. 8. They have invited their friends to the party.

Page-81
L. 1. The little girl has cut her finger. 2. I have written a letter to the principal.
The little girl hasn’t cut her finger. I haven’t written a letter to the principal.
3. The police have caught the thief. 4. You have worked hard for exams.
The police haven’t caught the thief. You have not worked hard for exams.

Page-81 & 82
M.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
1. I have solved the puzzle. I have not solved the puzzle. Have I solved the puzzle?
2. She has done her She has not done her Has she done her homework?
homework. homework.
3. I have taken your lunch. I have not taken your lunch. Have you taken your lunch?

Page-82
N. 1. (i) For how long has your friend stayed in Kashmir? 2. (i) What type of poem has this poet written?
(ii) Has my friend stayed in Kashmir for ten days? (ii) Has this poet written many poems on nature?
3. (i) What have they just completed? 4. (i) What has the mason just constructed?
(ii) Have they just completed their work? (ii) Has the mason just constructed the wall?
5. (i) Who has misbehaved with the teacher?
(ii) Has your daughter misbehaved with the teacher?

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Page-83
O. 1. Hasn’t the boy played cricket?
2. Hasn’t she completed her assignment?
3. Haven’t they informed their class teacher?
4. Haven’t the police caught the thief?
5. Hasn’t she left for the market?

Page-85
P. 1. has been teaching, since 2. have been playing, for 3. has been raining, since
4. have been visiting, for 5. has been increasing 6. has been coming
7. have been learning, for 8. have been cleaning, since 9. have been studying, for
10. have been working, since

Page-86
Q. 1. I have not been writing this novel for the last one month.
2. We have not been playing cricket under the guidance of Mr. Kapil Dev for a long time.
3. You have not been playing in the playground for an hour.
4. They have not been living in this house since 2015.
5. She has not been singing for the last two hours.

Page-87
R. 1. I have not been cooking since 9 o’clock.
Have I been cooking since 9 o’clock?
2. My brother has not been playing cricket since childhood.
Has my brother been playing cricket since childhood?
3. She has been talking to her mother since 7 o’clock.
She has not been talking to her mother since 7 o’clock.

Page-87 & 88
S. 1. (i) Since when have we been taking our language classes?
(ii) Have we been taking our language classes since last month?
2. (i) Where have the boys been enjoying their holidays?
(ii) Have the boys been enjoying their holidays at the hill station?
3. (i) What has she been writing these days?
(ii) Has she been writing a poem these days?
T. 1. Have they not been working on this project for four years?
2. Has he not been practising this song since childhood?
3. Have many boys not been enjoying the party all night?
4. Have the ministers not been supporting the Prime Minister on economic reforms?
5. Has the fan not been working since Saturday?
6. Has he not been preparing for government exams for past three years?

Page-89
U.
Positive Negative
1. I have written the essay on ‘environment’. I have not written the essay on ‘environment’.
2. You are going to be the class monitor. You are not going to be the class monitor.
3. Birds chirp in the woods. Birds do not chirp in the woods.
4. They are playing cricket. They are not playing cricket.
5. We have been waiting here for one hour. We have not been waiting here for one hour.

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 6. She has been watching TV for long time. She has not been watching TV for long time.
7. The girls play chess. The girls do not play chess.
8. Gita has been cycling since her childhood. Gita has not been cycling since her childhood.
9. They have been reading comics since morning. They have not been reading comics since morning.
10. I have invited Rajan on my birthday party. I have not invited Rajan on my birthday party.
11. Riya has gone to attend the meeting. Riya has not gone to attend the meeting.
12. They have been watching TV since Monday. They have not been watching TV since Monday.

Page-89
Integrated Exercise on Present Tense
Do it yourself.

13 The Past Tense

Page-91
A. 1. He knew a lot of people. 2. My sister worked very hard.
3. Many cattle wandered on the road. 4. Our examination started last month.
5. Ankita wrote very interesting stories. 6. We played in the playground.
7. We all went for mountaineering in summer vacation. 8. We elected him as our class monitor.

Page-92 & 93
B. 1. My sister didn’t go to school on foot. 2. I didn’t learn my lesson last night.
3. Anushka and Raj exercised yesterday. 4. The planets revolved round the sun.
5. I didn’t get up early in the morning. 6. The fire did not break out last night.
C. 1. Did I play cricket yesterday? 2. Did my father help the needy people?
3. Did my mother cook food in the kitchen? 4. Did they work hard for their quiz test?
5. Did the principal announce the result? 6. Did strong wind blow last evening?

Page-93 & 94
D. 1. (i) Why did I call my friend? 2. (i) Where did they live last year?
(ii) Did I call my friend to wish him on his birthday? (ii) Did they live in Mumbai last year?
3. (i) Why did Ayushi go yesterday? 4. (i) What did my teachers teach me?
(ii) Did Ayushi go to see her aunty yesterday? (ii) Did my teachers teach me good things?
5. (i) When did we take rest? 6. (i) What did the girl sing?
(ii) Did we take rest during lunch time? (ii) Did the girl sing a lovely song?
7. (i) Who delivered a speech?
(ii) Did the leader deliver a speech?

Page-95
E. 1. Didn’t she go for a walk last night?
2. Did I get up early in the morning?
3. Didn’t we play in the ground yesterday?
4. Didn’t the director attend the conference?
5. Did the prime minister leave for the USA yesterday?
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Page-96
F. As I was going to school, I saw a boy knocked down by a car. The driver of the car sped away from the sport.
The injured boy was breathing slowly. Some people took him to the hospital. The police found an identity card in
his pocket and informed his parents who were waiting for him.
G. 1. The girls were playing tennis. 2. I was going to school.
The girls were not playing tennis. I was not going to school.
3. It was raining cats and dogs outside.
It was not raining cats and dogs outside.
Page-97
H.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
1. She was washing her clothes. She was not washing her clothes. Was she washing her clothes?
2. He was sleeping in the class. He was not sleeping in the class. Was he sleeping in the class?
3. They were quarrelling. They were not quarrelling. Were they quarrelling?
4. I was going to school. I was not going to school. Was I going to school?
5. You were knocking at the door. You were not knocking at the door. Were you knocking at the
door?
6. They were waiting for their They were not waiting for their Were they waiting for their
friends. friends. friends?

Page-98
I. 1. (i) Why were you laughing at him? 2. (i) What were the girls singing?
(ii) Was I laughing at him as he looked like a joker? (ii) Were the girls singing a song?
3. (i) Whom was my mother coming here along with? 4. (i) Where were you going?
(ii) Was my mother coming here along with close relatives (ii) Were we going to the zoo?

Page-99
J. 1. Wasn’t Farheen walking through the jungle?
2. Wasn’t I feeling a little bit nervous?
3. Weren’t they going to the picnic?
4. Weren’t players playing cricket in the playground?
5. Weren’t students making a noise in the classroom?
6. Wasn’t Sahil relishing ice cream at dinner?
7. Wasn’t the painter painting a very beautiful image?
8. Wasn’t the doctor examining the patient?
K. started, were playing, was watching, told, were enjoying, continued, came, saw, thought, scolded, ordered, went,
put, took, was wearing, hung, ran, joined, found, saw

Page-100 & 101

L. 1. reached, had rung 2. entered, had stolen 3. rained, hovered
4. had expected 5. worked 6. had bought, invited
7. had come, boarded 8. had taken off, reached

Page-101 & 102

M. 1. I hadn’t already written a letter. 2. She hadn’t finished her homework.
3. We hadn’t invited our friends for dinner. 4. They hadn’t expected us to help them.
5. The train hadn’t left before we reached the station.
6. The police hadn’t reached before the thief left the building.
7. The patient hadn’t died before the doctor came.
8. You hadn’t invested a lot of money in the stock market earlier.
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 N.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
1. It had rained the whole night. It hadn’t rained the whole night. Had it rained the whole night?
2. She had done her homework. She hadn’t done her homework. Had she done her homework?
3. They had expected us today. They had not expected us today. Had they expected us today?
4. My friend had stayed in Kashmir My friend had not stayed in Had my friend stayed in
last month. Kashmir last month. Kashmir last month?
5. The poet had written the poems. The poet had not written the Had the poet written the
poems. poems?

Page-103
O. 1. (i) How had it rained last night? 2. (i) Who had gifted me this book?
(ii) Had it rained heavily last night? (ii) Had my aunty gifted me this book?
3. (i) What had this child worked hard for? 4. (i) Whom had you invited last night?
(ii) Had this child worked hard for exams? (ii) Had I invited my friends last night?

Page-104
P. 1. Hadn’t the boy completed his work?
2. Hadn’t the secretary ordered for the repair works?
3. Hadn’t my friend invited us on Christmas?
4. Hadn’t they posted the greeting card on the New Year eve?
5. Hadn’t Anjali torn the paper into pieces?
6. Hadn’t Rahul already filled up the water bottle?
7. Hadn’t the carpenter repaired the furniture?
8. Hadn’t Mr. Kishor delivered a motivational speech to the students?

Page-105
Q. 1. had been trying 2. had been working 3. had been ploughing
4. had been reading 5. had been teaching 6. had been living 7. had been seeing
8. had been searching

Page-106
R. 1. Rohit had not been trying to get a job for a long time.
2. Deepak had not been playing for two hours.
3. Ankit had not been reading a novel since morning.
4. The tiger had not been hiding behind the bush for quite some time.
5. The electrician had not been repairing the faulty wire as he got to know about the power outage.
S. 1. Had we been waiting for you for three days? 2. Had he been playing rugby for three months?
3. Had I been looking for your address until I found it?
4. Had the children been playing in the playground since 3 p.m.?
5. Had Dr. Shukla been running this clinic for 20 years?

Page-107
T. 1. (i) For how long had the teacher been teaching us?
(ii) Had the teacher been teaching us for two hours?
2. (i) What had the children been playing since morning?
(ii) Had the children been playing football since morning?
3. (i) How long had he been trying to get a job?
(ii) Had he been trying to get a job for quite some time?

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Page-108
U.

Interrogative Interrogative-Negative
1. Had Aryan been cleaning his Hadn’t Aryan been cleaning his
car for an hour ? car for an hour ?
2. Had they been playing for quite Hadn’t they been playing for quite
some time? some time?
3. Had it been raining for two Hadn’t it been raining for two
hours? hours?
4. Had you been writing letters Hadn’t you been writing letters
since 2 o’clock? since 2 o’clock?
5. Had she been running for a Hadn’t she been running for a long
long time? time?

V. 1. The lizard had been chasing the insects since evening.

2. The little bird had been waiting for its mother for two days.
3. For a week, people had been protesting against the government.
4. Rini had been working in Punjab before she got married.
5. Students had been making a noise in the classroom since 2 o’clock
Integrated Exercise on Past Tense
Do it yourself.

14 The Future Tense

Page-111
A. 1. I will reach home either by a taxi or rickshaw. 2. My uncle or aunt will be there to receive me.
3. I shall finish the painting by this evening. 4. The match will start at 10 am sharp.
5. No, the teacher will tell them about the plans after assembly.
6. I think about thirty students will go for the camp.
7. I shall start my new assignment next Monday.
8. No, I shall order the food after 20 minutes.

Page-112
B. 1. You will not play football. 2. We shall not go to school.
3. The child will not read a book. 4. The examiner will not examine the paper.
5. They will switch on the light. 6. He will repair his radio.

Page-113
C. 1. Shall I come to see you tomorrow? 2. Shall we accompany you during your journey?
3. Will the inspector inspect the college tomorrow? 4. Will they give their decision later on?
5. Will he complete the assigned task in stipulated time?

Page-113 & 114

D. 1. (i) What will I take to reach home? 2. (i) Where will my parents stay during vacations?
(ii) Will I take a taxi to reach home? (ii) Will my parents stay in Delhi during vacations?
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 3. (i) Who will come to receive me at the railway station?
(ii) Will my father come to receive me at the railway station?
4. (i) How many students of my class will go to the camp?
(ii) Will all the students of my class go to the camp?
5. (i) What will my sister wear?
(ii) Will my sister wear pink dress?
6. (i) Who will be the captain of her team? 7. (i) Where shall we go next weekend?
(ii) Will Ritu be the captain of her team? (ii) Shall we go to Bengaluru next weekend?

Page-115
E. 1. Shan’t I play cricket in the stadium? 2. Shan’t we come here in the evening?
3. Won’t they attend your birthday party? 4. Won’t the Prime Minister address the nation?
5. Won’t the children go on an excursion trip? 6. Won’t the peon ring the bell?

Page-116
F. 1. shall be waiting 2. will be starting 3. will be walking 4. shall be doing
5. will be washing 6. will be playing 7. will be spreading 8. will be buying

Page-117
G. 1. She will be doing her household chores tomorrow. 2. The children will be participating in the match.
She won’t be doing her household chores tomorrow. The children won’t be participating in the match.
3. Next week, I shall be flying kites. 4. We shall be helping you in this matter.
Next week, I shan’t be flying kites. We shan’t be helping you in this matter.
5. Amrita will be meeting her aunt tomorrow.
Amrita won’t be meeting her aunt tomorrow.

Page-118
H.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
1. I shall be going to school I shan’t be going to school Shall I be going to school
tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow?
2. She will be eating anything. She will not be eating anything. Will she be eating anything?
3. You will be reading a book. You won’t be reading a book. Will you be reading a book?
4. She will be assisting her She won’t be assisting her Will she be assisting her teacher
teacher in this project. teacher in this project. in this project?
5. Will shall be teasing him. We shall not be teasing him. Shall we be teasing him?
6. They will be attending your They won’t be attending your Will they be attending your
marriage party. marriage party. marriage party?

Page-118 & 119

I. 1. (i) When will he be meeting us in Dehradun? 2. (i) When will we be flying kites?
(ii) Will he be meeting us next week in Dehradun? (ii) Will we be flying kites tomorrow?
3. (i) Where shall I be going? 4. (i) Whom will they be helping?
(ii) Shall I be going to my uncle’s place? (ii) Will they be helping the poor?

Page-120
J. 1. Shan’t we be fishing this Sunday? 2. Won’t Robin be watering the plants when we are away?
3. Won’t the train be arriving in an hour? 4. Won’t he be sleeping at 10 o’clock tonight?
5. Shan’t we be dining with friends at this time tomorrow night?

Page-121
K. 1. I shall have returned your money before you ask.
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 2. She will have informed the doctor about her illness before he enquires.
3. We will have completed our homework by the time Holi celebration starts.
4. They will have taken a flight to Kathmandu on Sunday by then.
5. You will have met your brother before the sun sets.

Page-121 & 122

L. 1. They will not have practised well before the match starts.
2. She will not have gone to Delhi before next Sunday comes.
3. The postman will not have delivered the parcel by now.
4. The teacher will not have taught the students by now.
5. I shall not have taken a walk before you come.
6. This fruit shop won’t have become popular among the people before another one opens.

Page-122 & 123

M.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
1. We shall have completed the We shan’t have completed the Shall we have completed the
work by evening. work by evening. work by evening?
2. The play will have ended by The play won’t have ended by Will the play have ended by
midnight. midnight. midnight?
3. It will have started raining before It won’t have started raining before Will it have started raining before
he reaches home. he reaches home. he reaches home?
4. I shall have started playing by I shan’t have started playing by Shall I have started playing by
now. now. now?
5. She will have played badminton She won’t have played badminton Will she have played badminton
before I come. before I come. before I come?
6. They will have left the house by They won’t have left the house by Will they have left the house by
Sunday. Sunday. Sunday?

Page-123 & 124

N. 1. (i) What shall I have finished by tomorrow morning?
(ii) Shall I have finished the project by tomorrow morning?
2. (i) When will the match have ended?
(ii) Will the match have ended by midnight?
3. (i) What will Swati have drawn before the teacher enters?
(ii) Will Swati have drawn the picture before the teacher enters?
4. (i) What shall I have written before my father comes back?
(ii) Shall I have written the story before my father comes back?
5. (i) Where will you have gone before my birthday?
(ii) Will you have gone to Agra before my birthday?
6. (i) How many runs will Kohli and Dhoni have scored before second powerplay?
(ii) Will Kohli and Dhoni have scored 176 runs before second powerplay?

Page-124
O. 1. Won’t my mother have cooked lunch by the time he comes back home?
2. Won’t the tutor have taught us English for a year by next week?
3. Won’t Jayesh have found a vacant seat by the time she gets on the train?
4. Won’t the children have eaten all the chocolates before their father comes?
5. Won’t the patient have died before the arrival of the doctor?

Page-125
P. 1. will have been drawing 2. will have been playing.
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 3. will have been discussing 4. shall have been taking
5. will have been teaching 6. shall have been cycling
7. will have been crying 8. will have been cooking
9. will have been ringing 10. will have been travelling

Page-126
Q. 1. The patients will not have been waiting for the doctor since 8 o’clock.
2. You will not have been writing the essay for four hours.
3. We shall not have been blowing the horn for five to ten minutes.
4. The students will not have been waiting for the principal since morning.
5. They will not have been looking for their missing child for two months.
6. She will not have been reading the book since morning

Page-127
R. 1. Will Rinki have been travelling the whole day starting from 8am?
2. Will Mona have been helping him since morning?
3. Will they have been doing their work for two hours?
4. Shall we have been swimming for half an hour?
5. Will the teacher have been teaching English since 9 pm?
S. 1. (i) Where will they have been living for ten years?
(ii) Will they have been living in that cottage for ten years?
2. (i) What will my father have been taking?
(ii) Will my father have been taking black tea?
3. (i) Whom will the nurse have been attending for months?
(ii) Will the nurse have been attending to the old patient for months?

Page-128
T. 1. Won’t they have been living in Moscow for 8 years by April 2016?
2. Won’t the baby have been sleeping for two hours when the mother comes?
3. Won’t workers have been constructing the building for six months?
4. Won’t the driver have been drawing the car for ten years?
5. Won’t students have been drawing the paintings in the competition for two hours?
Integrated exercise on future tense
Do it yourself.

15 Active and Passive Voice

Page-133
A. 1. A new car was purchased by Manav. 2. The meeting was called off by the director.
3. A sketch was being drawn by the painter. 4. The bell is being rung by the peon.
5. Her assignments have been completed by Anaya. 6. The snacks were sold by Golu.
7. Mathematics was being practised by Madhu. 8. Her project had been completed on time by Radha.
9. The flood situation will be reviewed by the Minister. 10. The football will have been played by Rajan.
B. 1. will not be repaired 2. are exported 3. are done
4. was stolen 5. is being negotiated 6. are baked
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 7. were made 8. was given 9. will be washed
10. is won

Worksheet 3
Page-134
A. 1. Bullet trains are so fast that one can travel at a speed of 320 kmph.
2. We ate food together after we completed our work.
3. The flight was landed by the co-pilot.
4. Take an umbrella because it is raining outside.
5. A pedestrian must be cautious of the surroundings.
B. 1. He has gone to market.
2. He is going to Mumbai to attend a symposium.
3. Doesn’t my mother do her household chores properly?
4. He eats bread and omelette for breakfast.
5. Riya and Tina have been living in this flat since 2010.
6. He is learning English nowadays.
7. Haven’t I seen the Taj Mahal?
8. Didn’t / Don’t you read the Shakespearean drama ‘Othello’?
C. 1. The spectators were cheering loudly in the stadium.
2. They had reached the station when it began to rain.
3. The children decided to visit the zoo along with their parents.
4. I had been sleeping for an hour when I heard the barking of dogs.
5. Ramesh hoped he would get good marks in the exam.
6. The train didn’t come late today.
7. Didn’t the teacher give tedious task to the students?
8. Were they working on a new project?

Page-135
D. 1. The Director will inaugurate the Annual Sports Day Function.
2. The students will be participating in the interschool debate competition.
3. Nirali will have been travelling by car for 8 hours.
4. The chief guest will have delivered the speech before I reach at the auditorium.
5. Will they reach theatre on time?
6. I am quite sure he will not achieve the top rank in the NTSE exams.
7. Won’t Rakesh have finished his lessons by night?
8. France will be playing against Germany in FIFA world cup final.
E. 1. I am beaten by my mother with a stick.
2. A function is being organised by the organisers.
3. A new lesson has been taught by the English teacher.
4. An orphan child was adopted by Sushmita.
5. A good salary package will be offered to him by the company.
6. Whom was the show organised by?
7. New pictures were being drawn by them.
8. Moral values and discipline must be learnt by you.
9. Let the door be shut.
10. Is a new project being worked on by you?
11. Was the work finished on time by Ramesh?
12. Was the water bottle being filled by a passenger?

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 16 Direct and Indirect Speech

Page-144 & 145

A.1. He asked if I would listen to such a man. 2. She asked him what his name was.
3. He exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone. 4. She requested her to wait there till she returned.
5. Anamika asked him whether he was going to 6. He ordered them to be quiet and listen to him.
school that day.
7. She prayed that her son might live long. 8. I told him that he was an intelligent boy.
9. I asked her what she was doing. 10. Shruit tells me that honesty is the best policy.
11. The teacher ordered to not make a noise. 12. I requested my father to allow me to go on a tour.
Page-145 & 146
B. 1. Abhishek said to him, “May you live long!” 2. He said, “Hurrah! We win the match.”
3. The teacher said to them, “You cannot go out.” 4. He said, “Good Lord! I have been robbed.”
5. I said to him, “Will you come tomorrow?” 6. He said to me, “Will I go?”
7. The teacher said, “Close the window.” 8. Aliya said to her, “What are you doing?”
9. Ananya said to her sister, “Please post this letter.” 10. He said to him, “Isn’t your name Harshit?”
C. 1. whether 2. to 3. that 4. to 5. that 6. that
7. whether 8. to 9. to 10. that

17 Transformation of Sentences

Page-148
A. 1. He helps the poor and also helps the needy. 2. The woodcutter took an axe and cut two big trees.
3. The hunter saw a lion and climbed up a tree.
4. You must apply early so that you may get admission in the college.
5. You should study well so that you have a bright future. 6. The weather was bad, so I could not go out.

Page-149
B. 1. Without practising well, you will not win the tournament.
2. He was rewarded for behaving always nicely.
3. After stepping down the stairs, he ran away.
4. The king having died, the princes began to fight for the throne.
5. He and his friends do not study.

Page-150 & 151

C. 1. I am sure that I shall win a medal. 2. I hope that I shall be in Kolkata next year.
3. If a man is honest, everyone respects him. 4. You cannot be successful unless you work hard.
5. I asked him why he was crying.

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D. 1. Despite the lack of rain, he was carrying an umbrella. 2. An honest man is accepted by all.
3. Nobody came to school on account of holiday. 4. Buddha saw a man groaning in pain.
5. Being shy by nature, she did not reply at once. 6. A man speaking the truth is happy.

Page-151 & 152

E. 1. It is a known fact that man is mortal.
2. The crocodile told the monkey that he wanted to eat his heart.
3. Newton invented many things which are useful.
4. Everybody knows that children like to watch television.
5. I reached home before it began to rain.
6. Do not come here if you do not do your work.
7. We went to play after my friends came.
F. 1. I have come and I will take your blessings.
2. It was raining but they continued to play.
3. I am going to deliver a lecture on physics and I know a great deal about it.
4. I wished to be the king and I would enforce strict rules.
5. Lata’s songs are sweet so nobody can forget them.

18 Punctuation

Page-157 & 158

A. 1. Rajiv is my brother’s friend. 2. Where are you going? 3. Don’t talk to your father like that.
4. Oh dear! Did she hurt herself? 5. Good morning! How are you feeling now?
6. What a lovely rainbow! 7. He’s very smart, isn’t he? 8. Help! I’m slipping.
9. Mom asked if I had cleaned my room. 10. Could you open the door, please?
B. “My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow in the sky,” wrote William Wordsworth, the famous poet; and most
of us share his feelings when we are lucky enough to see a rainbow. There is an old saying that a pot of gold
is buried at the end of the rainbow. But have you ever tried to reach a rainbow’s end? Of course, it’s impossible
because a rainbow is really just the result of the raindrops refracting and reflecting sunrays. There are seven
colours in the rainbow – Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet.
Worksheet 4
Page-158
A. 1. The teacher ordered the students to open their books.
2. Jaya said that she read the novel after dinner.
3. He exclaimed with fear that that was a very horrible scene.
4. The class teacher asked if everyone was present.
5. Amit asked Sumit if he was attending the reception party.
6. The farmer said that the crops were ripening very fast.
7. The teacher ordered the students to stand up.
8. The students said that barking dogs seldom bite.
9. Rajesh asserted that he would join the defence forces.
10. Riya said that her mother was no more.
B. 1. Following my advice you will achieve your goal.
2. He admitted that he was guilty.
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 3. It is a known fact that the earth is round.
4. The leader worked hard, so he might win the election.
5. Walking on the road I saw a snake.
C. 
Once upon a time there lived a stork by the side of a tank. There were plenty of fish in the tank and the stork
always had a full meal. As the years passed, the stork grew old and found it difficult to catch fish for food. Some-
times he would be hungry for days. The stork thought of a plan. He stood by the tank with a sad look on his face.
He did not attempt to catch any fish. The fish, frogs and crabs in the tank noticed and asked him what the matter
was. “I have heard that some humans will soon fill this tank and grow crops over it. There will not be any fish left
alive. This makes me sad,” replied the stork. The fish were too worried and asked the stork to help them.

19 Figures of Speech

Page-162
A. 1. simile 2. simile 3. metaphor 4. hyperbole 5. alliteration
6. simile 7. personification 8. simile 9. alliteration 10. antithesis

Page-163
B. 1. Peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
2. Oh, how the evening light fades over the lake!
3. To err is human; to forgive is divine.
4. I died of embarrassment.
5. Lightning danced across the sky.
6. I’m reminded to line the lid of my eye.
7. Santa Claus’ helpers are known as subordinate clauses.
8. Her long hair was a flowing golden river.
9. He is as cunning as a fox.
10. The flood water gushed through the town.

20 Vocabulary

Page-165
A. 1. love - noun 2. Admission - noun 3. decision - noun
4. waits - verb 5. falls - verb 6. stone - adjective
7. love - verb 8. waters - verb 9. ordered - verb
10. placed - verb 11. spare - verb 12. test - noun
13. bracelet - noun 14. handed - verb 15. water - noun
16. face - noun 17. iron - noun 18. face - verb

Page-166
B. 1. Only: Ramesh is the only person I believe. (as an adjective)
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 Only their faith kept them alive. (as an adverb)
He is still a young man, only he seems older because of his expression. (as a conjunction)
2. little: I need a little sugar in my tea. (as an adjective)
I was always a little afraid of her. (as an adverb)
3. more: I like chocolate flavour more than vanilla. (as an adverb)
She poured herself more tea. (as an adjective)
Tell me more. (as a pronoun)
4. right: You should know the difference between right and wrong. (as a noun)
Hari was standing right behind me. (as an adverb)
This is the right answer. (as an adjective)
5. since : I have been waiting for you since morning. (as a preposition)
They knew that their task was hard since two previous attempts had failed. (as a conjunction)
She ran away from home on Saturday and we haven’t seen her since. (as an adverb)
6. both: The principal looked at them both. (as a pronoun)
Both pillars were checked by the engineer. (as an adjective)
7. above: She held her arms above her head. (as a preposition)
The above sentences are taken from newspapers.(as an adjective)
An officer of the rank of superintendent or above is expected to come for a visit. (as an adverb)
8. need I need your help. (as a verb)
There is no need to cry. (as a noun)

21 Comprehension

Page-167 & 168

A. 1. The Amazon is the world’s largest tropical rainforest. It covers an area of 2.8 million square miles.
2. The Amazon rainforest gets its life from the Amazon River which is the second largest river in the world.
3. A rainforest is a drainage basin of a river and its tributaries.
4. The plants rely on insects and animals to pollinate their flowers.
5. Drip tips allow the water to flow off the leaves and thus prevent mosses, fungi and lichens from infecting the leaves.
6. (i) integrated (ii) adapted

Page-168 & 169

B. 1. Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world.
2. Magellan lost the king’s favour because he was involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court.
3. Magellan proved that East Indies fell under the Spanish authority.
4. Magellan was involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines. He was killed in a tribal battle.
5. Magellan started a long journey wherein only one ship and 17 sailors survived to complete the westward
journey to Spain, under the leadership of Elcano, the Basque navigator. This journey proved that the world is
round.
6. (i) morass - quagmire (ii) hunger - starvation
C. 1. Marie Curie discovered radium.
2. At an early age, Marie Curie unlocked the secrets of the atom along with his husband Pierre Curie.
3. Marie Curie was determined to reveal the mysteries of the physical world.
4. Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906.
5. Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for isolating radium.
6. (i) result - consequences (ii) sad - heartbreaking
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 Page-170
D. 1.
A sparrow is a small bird. It is found throughout the world.
2.
The sparrow’s length varies from four to six inches.
3.
Female sparrows lay four to six eggs at a time.
4.
Sparrows prefer to build their nests in low places-usually on the ground, clumps of grass, low trees and low
bushes. In cities they build their nests in building nooks or holes.
5. The large feet of the sparrows are used for scratching seeds.
6. (i) scratch - scrape, abrade
(ii) preen - clean, arrange
Page-171
E. 1. A computer is capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning.
2. Computers can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put a thousand unlinked data in order.
3. Automation is the whole process or procedure by which machines can be used to work for us.
4. The benefits of automation to society at large are as follows:
(a) Humans will be able to enjoy more leisure than they enjoy today.
(b) Computers will be small enough to be packed in pockets; they will be used by ordinary people to obtain
valuable information.
(c) Computers will store medical records and histories of patients and help doctors in diagnosing the nature
of illness.
5. C omputers are used in the fields of education, entertainment, hospital, traffic, transport, railway stations,
airports, children’s museums, tax accounting offices, at construction projects, doctors’ clinics, cars, stock
trading offices, shops, houses, malls, etc. These are also used in seaports, insurance companies, security
units like Army, Navy, etc.
6. (i) accurate - precise (ii) access - reach

22 Dialogue Writing

Page-173 & 174

A. Teena : Hello Ishita! How are you?
Ishita : I’m fine, thanks. What a pleasant surprise!
Teena : It’s been a long time since we met. Where had you been all these years?
Ishita : In Delhi. How about you? Tell me about yourself. What kept you busy?
Teena :  I’m working as the manager at Tata Consultancy Services. Last time I saw you were still
pursuing your engineering course. It is quite long back course. It was in 2012 or 13?
Ishita : In 2012. Actually I had come to take-up a new job at Hindustan Motors.
Teena : That’s wonderful news. When do you have to join?
Ishita : I have to report at 10 am today. The office is on Sardar Patel Road. Can you tell me the best
possible way to reach there on time?
Teena : Well, you can take an auto rickshaw.
Ishita : Thanks, Teena. Now, I have to leave.
Teena : Okay! Bye, Ishita.
Ishita : Bye, Teena.
B. Rajan : Well, that’s absolutely right. It was built by Shah Jahan in the memory of his wife Mumtaz.
Mr. John : Oh! That’s interesting. When did he built it?
Rajan : It was built during 1632-1653, employing some 20000 artisans.
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 Mr. John : And how much did it cost?

Rajan : The estimated cost at that time was around 32 million rupees which is equal to today’s 52.8

billion rupees.
Mr. John : And how much does that come out in dollars?

Rajan : Approximately U.S. $ 827 million.

Mr. John : I have heard about some negative impact of polluted environment on the Taj Mahal. Is it true?

Rajan : Yes, sir. Due to pollution and acid rain, the Taj Mahal was getting yellow-brown. To curb it, a

10, 400 km2 area surrounding it, has strict emission standard in place.
Rajan : The Government of India is taking every possible step to preserve its World Heritage sight.

Mr. John : And I heard there was a footfall of 7-8 billion in 2015.

Rajan : Yes. You are right.

Mr. John : Next time I will come along with my family to show them this wonderful wonder. Thank you,

Rajan.

23 Diary Writing

Page-176
A.25/06/20XX
Monday, 10:05 pm
Dear Diary,
Oh! That was horrible! Our city was flooded with monsoon rains on June 23. That is why I could not meet you
dear. The deluge was created by the torrential rains in the morning on June 23. All streets and roads of the city
were full of water. The authorities took many people to a Flood Relief Camp. I was assigned the duty to serve
food to them. I served around 100 victims. I also gave them tea. There were thirty relief workers from various
places and I was one of them. I felt satisfied by helping the victims and released that we must serve others in
need.
That way, God will also be pleased.
Good night!
B.27/08/20XX
Saturday, 10:05 pm
Dear Diary,
Today, there was a dancing competition in my school and I had participated in solo dance performance. In total
eight students participated in solo dance category. I had performed on one of my favourite songs. The audience
went gaga over my performance. After everyone’s performance, the judges gave their vote and later the final
results were announced by them. I was declared the winner. Everyone cheered for me and my friends lifted me
up on their shoulders and escorted me to the stage for receiving the award. It was an amazing day.
Goodnight.
C.19/03/2xx
Wednesday, 9:37 PM
Dear Diary
Today was my final exam of Class-8. I had prepared hard for all my exams. Consequently, I attempted well in
each subject. It is such a relaxing feeling after following a strict schedule and appearing for exams for 17 days.
My friends and I have planned to go on trip to Mahabaleshwar with our parents. Right now, I am also thinking
about my results. My parents advised me not to think too much about the results. I have also decided to utilise
this time by reading my favourite novels and joining music classes. I thank Almighty for my successful exams.
Goodnight.
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 24 Notice Writing

Page-179
A.
PRM Public School, Saket
NOTICE
14/03/20xx
Inter-school Drama Competition
Students of classes VI to XII are hereby informed that an Inter-school Drama Competition is being organised
as per the programme mentioned below:
Venue: School Auditorium, Hall No.2
Date: 26/03/20xx
Time: 11:40 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.
The students who are interested in participating should give their names to the undersigned latest by 19/03/20xx.
Sunder Lal Aggarwal
Class VIII-C
(Cultural Secretary)

B.
Manak Public School
New Delhi
NOTICE
27/06/20xx
Inter-school Marathon Race
Students are hereby informed that an Inter-school Marathon Race is being organised on July 5, 20xx from our
school to St. Xavier’s School, New Delhi. Winners will be given prizes and certificates.
Interested students may contact the undersigned to register and for more details.
Megha
(School Captain)

C.
Aurbindo School, Kurukshetra
NOTICE
04/05/20xx
Inter-school Cricket Match
All students are hereby informed that the final match between the cricket team of our school and the cricket
team of Dayanand Public School is going to be held on 05/05/20xx (Sunday) at our school’s cricket ground from
3 p.m. onwards. All students are invited to watch the cricket match and boost the confidence of the players.
Rajender Sehgal
(Secretary, Sports Club)

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D.
ABC School, Noida
NOTICE
01/08/2019
Inter-class Competition
All students are hereby informed that an Inter-class competition to collect poems and cartoons for the school
magazine will be held on date: 05th August, 20xx. The last date for receiving the entries is 03rd August,
20xx.
The prizes for the competition are as follows: 1st prize: A Laptop, 2nd prize: A wrist watch, 3rd prize: A set of
pen.
Rahul
(Editor, School Magazine)
E.
Laxmi Public School, Jalandhar
NOTICE
03/08/20xx
Silver Jubilee Celebration
Students are hereby informed that the school is going to celebrate its Silver Jubilee Celebration on 10/08/20xx
in the school auditorium. A mega function will be held on this occasion and the Education Secretary, Mr. K.
Sehgal will preside over the function. Those who are interested to participate may give their details to the
undersigned by 08/08/20xx.
Aashta Mathur

F.
Vidya Bhawan School, Chandigarh
NOTICE
07/07/20xx
Inter-zonal Quiz Competition
Students are hereby informed that an inter-zonal Quiz competition will be organised in the school on 10/07/20xx.
Those who are interested in participating may submit their names and details to the undersigned before
08/07/xx.
Ayush Goyal
(Cultural secretary)

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 25 Paragraph Writing

Page-182

A Visit to a Fair

A. 
Fairs are the life of our nation. There are many fairs that are organised due to religious, social and national
ceremonies or occasions. The Nauchandi fair is organised on the second Sunday after Holi. It is organised at
Nauchandi ground, Meerut. Many booths and stalls are set up in the ground. Many shops are also set up there.
Green parks are decorated with flower beds. People enjoy snacks at chaat and sweet shops. They are also seen
buying various items at the fair. Children enjoy many games and merry-go-round in the fair. The circus is the
main attraction of this fair. We should attend this fair at least once in our lives.

A Road Accident

B. Last evening, I saw a major accident at G.T. Karnal Road, Delhi. A truck full of gas cylinders collided with a car.
The truck crushed the car and the three passengers in the car died on the spot. They all were of a single family.
The truck driver was fully drunk and had lost control. The commuters came for the help of the car passengers
but of no avail. Police were also called. The truck driver was caught and the police arrested him. My suggestion
is: Drive carefully and slowly.

My Favourite Hobby

C. I like to do a lot of activities in my leisure time, like playing sudoku, cycling, gardening, etc. But I love reading
books the most. I thoroughly enjoy reading. Since my childhood, I have been interested in reading books. I
like various types of genres–literature, science fiction, biographies, autobiographies, travelogues, etc. Reading
various books helps me to enrich my knowledge and moreover, it widens the sphere of my intellect. I devote one
hour to it daily.

Morning Walk

D. Walking is a very good exercise. We should go out for a walk everyday in the morning. We should go in the early
hours of morning because at that time the air is without pollution and dust. Some people go out for jogging also.
Many children walk along with their parents and siblings. Walking soothes the mind and makes the body fresh
and full of oxygen. It is a great boon for old people. In a nutshell, walking in the early hours of morning keeps the
mind and the body fit and alert.

The person I like the most

E. 
The person I like the most is my mother. She is one of the most fun-loving people I have ever seen. She is also
smart and independent. But what I like most about her is her helpful nature. She never ignores an opportunity
to help someone in need. She is also very fond of children. My friends also like her. She has a good sense of
humour which is often targeted at my father. My father doesn’t mind, though. My mother is a multi-talented
person. She can sing, paint and write well. She works as an interior designer and earns a lot of money, a portion
of which she spends on charity. Her favorite charities include orphanages and homes for destitute women. She

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 always keeps her promise. She encourages me to be the best in all that I do. And even if I falter, she is there to
support me without any criticism. She is more like a friend to me and there is nothing that I do not share with her.
That is why I like her the most.

26 Advertisements

Page-184
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Test Paper-1

Page-185
A. 1. We work hard so that we may succeed in the exam.
2. The bus has to wait till the students come back.
3. My father ironed my clothes while my mother cooked the food.
4. Everyone knew that Mahatma Gandhi used truth and non-violence.
5. The film ended as I had imagined.
B. 1. How has it been raining outside? 2. What had they completed?
3. How does the woman feed her baby? 4. How many patients has the doctor examined today?
5. When do I visit my grandparents?
C. 1. for 2. Haven’t 3. were 4. had 5. last 6. must

Page-186
D. Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct
has is have has
surrounding surrounded visits visit
felling feel admired admire
likes like
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 E. Missing word
is
for
was
was
for
in
her
death
F 1. Having fought bravely, the soldier was rewarded.
2. After coming to the city for the first time, a man managed to find a suitable job.
3. The man is too short to match the woman.
4. The burglar stole the jewellery, besides the money.
5. Preaching of peace and harmony by Gandhiji is known to everyone.

Test Paper-2

Page-187
A. met your father did he say to you
needs a person with a good sense of humour. can think of you Birbal.
some time to make preparations for the journey. give you two weeks’ time.
buried alive. your wish.
B. Do it yourself.

Page-188
C. Round:
Noun : The first round was won by the team of Spain.
Verb : The police rounded off three hooligans.
Adjective : The round ball slipped into the bushes.
Preposition : There she is, coming round the corner.
Close:
Noun : The competition is slowly coming to a close.
Verb : Close this door, please.
Adjective : A close relationship is all that I want to have with you.
Adverb : The car was coming close to the bus in the rain.
Still:
Noun : It was a still from a classic movie.
Verb : Our mind cannot be stilled and new ideas will be born everyday
Adjective : The water in the pond was still.
Adverb : We are still waiting for our new TV to be delivered.
Up:
Noun : Every human has ups and downs in life.
Preposition : Let her go up the mountain.
Adjective : The next up train will leave at 11:45 AM.
Outside:
Noun : The outside of this house is not very clean.
Adjective : It’s a bit dark at night. We could put an outside light there.
Adverb : It was sunny outside.
Preposition : There is a parrot outside the window.
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