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Ethane to Ethylene: Chemical Processes

The document discusses various chemical processes involving ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. It covers the oxidation of ethane to produce ethanol and acetic acid. The production of ethylene involves steam cracking of hydrocarbons at high temperatures followed by separation processes. Vinyl chloride monomer is produced from ethylene through catalytic chlorination. Vinyl acetate monomer involves an acetylene-based process using zinc acetate as a catalyst. The production of ethanol from ethylene and acetylene is also outlined.

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13 views9 pages

Ethane to Ethylene: Chemical Processes

The document discusses various chemical processes involving ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. It covers the oxidation of ethane to produce ethanol and acetic acid. The production of ethylene involves steam cracking of hydrocarbons at high temperatures followed by separation processes. Vinyl chloride monomer is produced from ethylene through catalytic chlorination. Vinyl acetate monomer involves an acetylene-based process using zinc acetate as a catalyst. The production of ethanol from ethylene and acetylene is also outlined.

Uploaded by

sirishanallakukkala
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 8 CHEMICALS FROM ETHANE-ETHYLENE-ACETYLENE

1. Occurrence of Ethane:
Ethane is associated with Methane as a second major component (upto 10%) in natural gas. In casing head gas and associated gas its presence is high upto 20%. Ethane is associated with other gases to a nominal extent of 5 15 % in secondary processes like thermal cracking or reforming and catalytic reforming. Physical Properties: Molecular formula Molar mass Appearance Density : C2H6 : 30.07 g/mol : colourless gas : 1.282 kg/m3(15 C gas, 1 atm) 546.49 kg/m3(liquid, at b.p.,1 atm) Melting point : 183.01 C (90.14 K) Boiling point : 89 C (184 K) Solubility in water : very low

2. Oxidation of Ethane:
While Methane oxidation primarily yields methanol and small percentage of formaldehyde, Ethane oxidation gives a complex mixture of products. Though the composition of products vary depending upon the conditions of oxidation, still the components are same. When ethane is oxidized at a pressure of 100 bars, the following products are expected: Product Temperature at 262 0C Temperature at 278 0C Time 40 min Time 5 min Ethyl alcohol 24.3 % 28.2% Methyl alcohol Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Formaldehyde 15.5% 6.3% 52.3% 1.6% 43.6% 20% 5.5% 2.7%

Ethane, Propane and higher alkanes can be oxidized by air instead of oxygen. It is preferred to introduce steam along with air when oxidation of higher paraffins undertaken to moderate the reaction.

3. Production of Ethylene:
Feed stock is preheated and sent into pyrolysis unit where steam and feed reacts to form pyrolysed compounds. The temperature maintaining in the pyrolyser (furnace) is around 900 0C. The products from the furnace are passed through a high pressure (HP) generator

and sent into a fractionator where quenching can take place. Only heavy oils are separated from lights in the quencher. The volatiles from the quencher are cooled and compressed to 5 6 MPa, and sent into a separator where part of heavy hydrocarbons are liquefied and separated, and goes into the Debutaniser to separate C4 components. The vapors from the separator are infested with acidic constituents like CO, CO2, H2S, SO2 are separated with caustic wash in the scrubber and the products are dried with activated alumina. Hydrogen is separated in vapor phase from the product gases and sent into hydrogen purification unit and removed separately. Then the product gases are liquefied and sent into Demethaniser unit to separate C1 components and the products are sent into Deethaniser unit to separate C2 and C3 components. The products from Deethaniser are sent into hydrogenation unit where acetylene converted to Ethylene. Then the products from the hydrogenation unit sent into C2 splitter to separate Ethylene and unconverted ethane. Unconverted ethane is recycled back to the process. Process Folw Sheet:

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8. PRODUCTION OF ACETYLENE:

A. CALCIUM CARBIDE:

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