A PROJECT REPORT ON:

“ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION”

Department Of [Link] (2nd Year)

Under The Guidance of-

[Link]
Vivekanand College, Kolhapur
(Empowered Autonomous)
Submitted By:
[Link] Name Roll no
1. Sharad Sagar Patil 6321
2. Dinesh Krishna Kuchkorvi 6225
3. Vivek Mahesh Konshete 6223
4. Pranav Vasant Dabholakar 6151
5. Vinay Manik Patil 6334
 DECLARATION
To,
The Principal,
Vivekanand College, Kolhapur.
(Empowered Autonomous)
Respected Sir,
We the undersigned below declare that, Project Report entitled,
“Environment Pollution” is written and submitted by us under the
guidance of Prof. A. S. Kadam is our original work.
The empirical findings in this project are based on data collected
by us. The matter presented is not copied from any other source.

Place: Kolhapur
Date:

[Link] Name Roll no Sign

1. Sharad Sagar Patil 6321
2. Dinesh Krishna Kuchkorvi 6225
3. Vivek Mahesh Konshete 6223
4. Pranav Vasant Dabholakar 6151
5. Vinay Manik Patil 6334
 CERTIFICATE

Year: 2023– 2024

This is to certify that project report entitled “Environment

Pollution” submitted by –

● Sharad Sagar Patil

● Dinesh Krishna Kuchkorvi

● Vivek Mahesh Konshete

● Pranav Vasant Dabholakar

● Vinay Manik Patil

For the award of S.Y Degree Course in Environmental Studies to
Vivekanand College, Kolhapur has been completed under my
supervision and guidance.

To the best of my knowledge and belief the matter presented

in the Project report is original and based on their own work. Such
kind of work has not been submitted earlier.

Place: Kolhapur
Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and
assistance from many people and we are extremely privileged to have got this
all along the completion of our project. All that we have done is only due to
such supervision and assistance and we would not forget to thank them.

We owe our deep gratitude to our project guide Prof. A. S. Kadam,

who took keen interest on our project work and guided us all along, till the
completion of our project work by providing all the necessary information for
the project. We are also thankful to our Principal, Vivekanand College,
Kolhapur and all faculty members for their help.

Our acknowledgement will be incomplete if we don’t express our

appreciation towards our family members who’s good will and inspiration
helped us a lot in completing this project work. Lastly, thanks to all who have
directly or indirectly involved in this project work.

Place: Kolhapur
Date:
 INDEX

[Link] Chapter Page no

Introduction Of Environment
1. [Link] Of Environmental Pollution
1-5
b. Objectives

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

a. STUDY AREA
2 b. AREA MAP
c. METHODS
6-9

REPORTING
10-18
3. a. Causes

4. SUMMARY 18-19

5. REFERENCE 19-20
 CHAPTER 1
Introduction Of Environment

The term environment is derived from a French word

‘Environer” which means to surround. In other words
environment can be defined as the sum total of all the living
and non-living things and their effects that influence human
life.
In layman’s words, environment refers to the physical
elements. It includes the land, water and air. It is the living
ecosystem that maintains the existence of human life.
Destruction of the environment can lead to various calamities.
In order to prevent such disaster or calamities, laws are
implemented to protect the environment for the livelihood of
present and future generations
Environmental Protection Act, 1986:- Section 2(a) states that
environment includes water, air and land and the inter-
relationship which exists among and between water, air and
land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants and

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property In an era marked by rapid industrialization,
urbanization, and technological advancement, our planet faces
an unprecedented array of environmental challenges. Climate
change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and resource depletion
threaten the delicate balance of ecosystems and jeopardize the
well-being of present and future generations.

Recognizing the urgent need for action, we embark on a

comprehensive environmental project aimed at understanding,
protecting, and restoring our planet's ecosystems. This project
seeks to address key environmental issues through research,
education, advocacy, and practical initiatives. Our endeavor is
driven by a commitment to sustainability, stewardship, and the
belief that every individual can make a difference. By
working together, we can create a healthier, more resilient
planet for all life forms.

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 Introduction Of Environmental Pollution

The environment is the foundation of life on Earth, providing

sustenance, resources, and the very air we breathe. However,
human activities have resulted in unprecedented levels of
pollution, threatening the delicate balance of ecosystems and
endangering both human health and biodiversity. Environment
pollution, in its various forms, has emerged as one of the most
pressing challenges of our time, requiring urgent attention and
concerted action.
This project aims to delve into the multifaceted issue of
environment pollution, exploring its causes, impacts, and
potential solutions. By examining different types of pollution
such as air, water, soil, and noise pollution, we seek to
understand the complex interplay between human activities
and the environment. Additionally, we will investigate the
socio-economic implications of pollution, particularly its
disproportionate effects on vulnerable communities and future
generations.
Through comprehensive research and analysis, this project
endeavors to raise awareness about the severity of
environment pollution and its far-reaching consequences. By
3
highlighting the interconnectedness of environmental
degradation and human well-being, we hope to inspire
individuals, communities, and policymakers to take proactive
measures to mitigate pollution and safeguard the planet for
future generations.
Join us on this journey as we explore the challenges,
opportunities, and imperative for collective action in
combating environment pollution and fostering a sustainable
future for all.

Objectives Of Study
 To Study Research and Analysis: Conduct
comprehensive research to identify the sources, causes,
and impacts of environmental pollution in our local area
or target region. This includes analyzing pollutants, their
pathways, and their effects on ecosystems, human health,
and biodiversity.

 To Study Awareness and Education: Raise public

awareness about the severity and consequences of
environmental pollution through educational campaigns,
workshops, and outreach programs. Empower
individuals and communities with knowledge and
resources to take action towards reducing pollution and
adopting sustainable practices.

4
 To Study Pollution Prevention and Mitigation: Develop
and implement strategies to prevent pollution at its
source and mitigate its impacts on the environment. This
may involve promoting cleaner production methods,
encouraging waste reduction and recycling, and
advocating for the use of environmentally friendly
technologies and practices.

 To Study Policy Advocacy and Enforcement: Advocate

for the adoption and enforcement of policies, regulations,
and standards aimed at reducing pollution and protecting
environmental quality. Collaborate with policymakers,
government agencies, and stakeholders to develop and
implement effective pollution control measures and
enforcement mechanisms.

 To Study Community Engagement and Participation:

Engage local communities, businesses, schools, and civic
organizations in pollution prevention and cleanup efforts.
Foster a sense of environmental stewardship and
collective responsibility for protecting our air, water, and
land from pollution through volunteer initiatives, citizen
science projects, and community-based monitoring
programs.

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  To Study Monitoring and Evaluation: Establish
monitoring systems to track pollution levels, trends,
acompliance with regulatory standards over time.

CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

STUDY AREA

Area: Rankala Lake,Kolhapur

The Rankala Lake is spread in an area of about 6682 ha in the

Southern part of Maharashtra and in the Western Ghats at 550
m above mean sea level between 16ᴼ 42” N Latitude to 74ᴼ
14” E Longitude. It is located in area where there is a gradual
change in land forms from hilly west to the bare open east.
Land use and land cover percentage of Rankala lake
catchment area is given in Fig. 2. Kolhapur is located in
Panchganga river basin which is formed by the tributaries that
is Kasari, Kumbi, Tulsi, Dhamani and Bhogavati. The
Rankala Lake is shown in fig. 1 is an image taken from Indian
satellite BHUVAN.

Pollution Sources in Rankala Lake:

Due to increased urbanisation and uncontrolled human
interference and encroachment the lake is under severe threat

6
of pollution due to thousands of litters of sewage entering into
its body as well as due to the solid waste dumping practises in
the lakes catchment. Being the location of this lake in centre
of the city, there are many sewage terminals pouring sewages
in the lake water and therefore heavily polluting the lake.
Wastewater flows into the lake through various drains
entering the lake on its southern, western and south eastern
sides. There are mainly 4 nallas which are sources of sewage
and major cause of lake pollution to Rankala Lake which are
located in Fig.3.
1. Sham Society Nalla – 8 MLD (Fig. 5 (a))
2. Sairnaik Colony Nalla – 0.9 MLD
3. Partala Nallla – 0.4 MLD
4. Deshmukh Nalla – 0.1 MLD

7
AREA MAP

8
 METHODS

Secondary Method:
In secondary method, we searched some websites,
magazines and newspapers for getting information on Rankala
lake Pollution,

Websites :- [Link]
[Link]
[Link]

Magazine’s:- Sakal Magazine

DYPCET
Booklet

Newspapers:- Sakal
Lokmat
Pudhari

9
 CHAPTER 3
REPORTING

Causes of Pollution:
1. Water Hyacinth Streams carrying
The sewage from the lake catchment are the main sources of
pollution and subsequent deterioration [4]. The deteriorating
water quality is reflected in profuse growth of water hyacinth
as well as other submerged plants like hydrilla. In this lake,
the Eichhornia crassipes plant species were growing
enormously up to 2008 and they occupied whole lake 3 times
[5], but in the year 2009 Eichhornia seems to be replaced by
Salvinia molesta which also occupied whole lake. The
enormous growths of these plants indicate the nature and
volume of pollution of Rankala Lake which shows the
initiation of eutrophication. The large area and good sunlight,
supports rapid growth of aquatic/eutrophic plants like
Salvinia, Eichhornia, hydrilla and other macrophytes in the
lake. The growth of water hyacinth in Rankala Lake is shown
in Fig 4 (b).

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2. Pesticide Contamination
Heavy Metals Because of rapid urbanization, increasing use
of fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural land around, the
lake is subjected to great amount of ecological stress. The lake
water is polluted by pesticide residues entering through the
irrigation of agricultural lands in vicinity. The residues of
eleven pesticides have been found in the water. The lake water
is also found to be contaminated by heavy metal ions like Pb,
Cr, Zn and Cd probably entering from industrial waste,
through drainage and battery industries in the vicinity [6]. The
mixing of sewage and agricultural waste, results into the
increase of organic matter, silt and nutrients like nitrogen,
potassium and phosphorus in the lake.

3. Other Activities

There are many activities which are contributing in lake

pollution. Following are some activities mentioned:

 Draining of several terminals of sewage

 The submersion of Ganesh idols, Nirmalya
 Food wastages
 Cattle washing, mass bathing, cloth washing, vehicle
washing
 Adding human waste, manures
 The dumping of batteries

11
  Effluents from the electroplating industries, leather
industry effluent
 Leaching of the residue due to rain water and effluent
to the lake water These activities are contributing to the
pollution in significant amount. Contribution of animal
washing, cloth washing and solid waste dumping in lake
pollution is shown in Fig. 4 (c) and Fig. 4 (d)
respectively.

[Link] Status of the Rankala Lake:

Rankala Lake was earlier used for providing drinking water to
Kolhapur city but is now limited mainly to irrigational and
recreational use. Presently, lake serves as a popular picnic spot
for the tourists and local residents. Because of increased N, P,
K content in Rankala Lake, there is algal bloom of blue green
algae. Because of the presence of these blue green algae, the
water has become green in colour. Lake is turning green since
2011 in every August as this year also. The algae is

12
continuously increasing, multiplying and dyeing, this cycle is
continuous. The dead algal blooms are floating on the water
surface coming towards the bank near dense population at east
direction of lake, causing malodour, nussainase and blind
mosquitoes. Last 2 years the lake totally covered by blue
green algae which are dissolved from top to bottom in Lake
Waterbody, as this algae is fully dissolved in water, it is
difficult to remove the algae by traditional methods (boat,
pock lain, JCB, dumpers) adopted before for the removal of
Salvinia molesta and Eichhornia crassipes. The presence of
blue green algae in Rankala Lake is shown in Fig. 5

[Link] causes of environment pollution:

Agricultural Practices: Intensive agricultural practices,

including the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and
herbicides, can result in pollution of soil, water, and air.
Runoff from agricultural fields can carry pollutants such as
nitrogen and phosphorus into waterways, leading to
eutrophication and harmful algal blooms.
13
Deforestation and Land Use Changes: Deforestation,
urbanization, and land conversion for agriculture or
infrastructure development can disrupt ecosystems, degrade
soil quality, and contribute to habitat loss and fragmentation.
Soil erosion from deforested areas can lead to sedimentation
of water bodies, while landfills and waste disposal sites can
contaminate soil and groundwater.

Mining Activities: Mining operations, including extraction,

processing, and disposal of minerals and ores, can result in
pollution of air, water, and soil. Mining activities can release
toxic substances such as heavy metals, sulfur compounds, and
radioactive materials into the environment, posing risks to
human health and ecosystems.
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Construction and Demolition: Construction and demolition
activities generate large quantities of waste, including debris,
dust, and construction materials. Improper waste management
practices at construction sites can result in pollution of air,
soil, and water, as well as habitat destruction and disruption of
ecosystems.

Shipping and Maritime Activities: Shipping and maritime

activities, including vessel operation, ballast water discharge,
and oil spills, can introduce pollutants such as oil, chemicals,
and invasive species into marine ecosystems. Accidental
spills, leaks, and discharges from ships can have devastating
impacts on marine life, coastal habitats, and water quality.

15
6. Controls on environment pollution:
Regulatory Measures and Enforcement: Governments can establish
and enforce regulations, standards, and policies to control pollution
from industrial facilities, vehicles, agricultural practices, and other
sources. These regulations may include emission limits, pollution
permits, effluent standards, and waste management requirements,
backed by monitoring, inspections, and enforcement actions to ensure
compliance.

Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production: Encouraging industries

to adopt pollution prevention measures and cleaner production
technologies can help reduce pollution at the source. This involves
optimizing processes, improving efficiency, recycling and reuse of
materials, substituting hazardous substances with safer alternatives,

16
and implementing best practices for waste management and resource
conservation.

Technological Innovations: Research and development of innovative

technologies can lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly
solutions for pollution control and mitigation. This includes
advancements in pollution control devices, renewable energy
technologies, waste treatment technologies, and sustainable
agriculture practices that minimize environmental impacts.

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs): Implementing

comprehensive EIAs prior to the approval of new development
projects, industrial facilities, infrastructure projects, and policies can
help identify potential environmental impacts and risks. EIAs enable
decision-makers to evaluate alternatives, mitigate adverse effects, and
incorporate pollution control measures into project planning and
design.

Public Awareness and Education: Increasing public awareness and

environmental literacy through education campaigns, outreach
programs, and community engagement initiatives can empower
individuals and communities to take action against pollution.
Education about the causes, impacts, and solutions to pollution can
inspire behavioral changes, foster environmental stewardship, and
mobilize collective action towards a cleaner environment.

International Cooperation and Treaties: Addressing transboundary

pollution and global environmental challenges requires cooperation
among nations through international agreements, conventions, and
treaties. Agreements such as the Paris Agreement on climate change,

17
the Montreal Protocol on ozone depletion, and the Basel Convention
on hazardous waste facilitate collaboration, information sharing, and
collective efforts to tackle pollution on a global scale.

CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY
18
The environmental pollution project aims to tackle the myriad
sources of pollution threatening our planet's ecosystems and
human health. Through comprehensive research, awareness
campaigns, and regulatory measures, the project seeks to
understand, prevent, and mitigate pollution from industrial
emissions, agricultural practices, transportation, and other
sources. By promoting cleaner production technologies,
implementing pollution control measures, and fostering public
participation, the project aims to reduce pollution levels,
protect environmental quality, and safeguard biodiversity.
Collaboration with governments, businesses, and
communities, along with international cooperation, will be
crucial in achieving the project's objectives. Ultimately, the
project strives to create a cleaner, healthier, and more
sustainable environment for present and future generations.

CHAPTER 5

Reference Books:-
i. Environment pollution – [Link]
19
 ii. Disaster management – [Link].
iii. Environment & sustainable development – [Link]

Websites:-
i. [Link]
ii. [Link]
iii. [Link]
iv. [Link]
v. [Link]
vi. [Link]

THANK YOU!!

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