IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Chapter 7: Algebra
7.1 Writing formula (Coursebook p.24-26)
1. Using letters to represent unknow values
Worked example:
Write down a formula for the cost C, in $, of x ice-lollies and y ice-creams.
cost of x ice-lollies = 2 × x = 2x
cost of y ice-creams = 3 × y = 3y
Question 1- (0580-S 2021-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q6)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
7.2 Substitution (Coursebook p.26-29)
Substitution means replacing the .........................(letters) in an algebraic expression with their
numerical values. We can then work out the total value of the expression.
How to substitute a value into an algebraic expression
[Link] the expression substituting each letter with its given numerical value.
[Link] the total value of the expression. Remember that you must apply........................
Worked example:
Question 1-(0580-S 2018-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q4)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 2- (0580-W 2012-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q3)
Question 3 - (0580-S 2014-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q2)
Question 4- (0580-S 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q7)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
7.3 Rearrange the formula (Coursebook p.129-131)
How do I rearrange the formulas
Step [Link] by removing any ............................... on both sides of the equation.
Step [Link] out any brackets.
Step [Link] out all ..............................by the denominator to remove any fractions.
Step [Link] by collecting the letter you want on one side and everything else on the
other.
Step [Link] inverse operations to move a number, term, or variable.
Worked example:
Question 1-(0580-S 2012-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q9)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 2-(0580-S 2014-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q7)
Question 3-(0580-W 2013-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q10)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 4- (0580-W 2012-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q16)
7.4 Expanding Brackets (Coursebook p.29-35)
[Link] One Bracket
When you multiply out the brackets you must .....................each term inside the bracket by the term
outside the bracket.
Question 1-(0580-W 2012-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q4)
[Link] Double Brackets
Step 1: Using FOIL, multiply together: the first terms, the outside terms, the inside terms and the
last terms.
Step 2: Simplify.
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Step 3: Collect 'like' terms
Question 1-(0580-W 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q12)
Question 2-(0580-S 2018-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q18)
[Link] Triple Brackets
Step 1: Start by expanding the first two sets of brackets using the FOIL method and simplify by
collecting 'like' terms.
Step 2: Rewrite the original expression with the first two brackets expanded.
This step often looks like............................... .
Step 3: Multiply all of the terms in the first set of brackets by all of the terms in the second set of
brackets.
Step 4: Simplify.
Step 5: Collect 'like' terms.
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 1- (0580-S 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q21)
7.5 Factorization (Coursebook p.128-129)
A factorised expression is one written as the product (multiplication) of two or more, terms
(factors).
1. Simple factorising
Step 1 – Take out the HCF of both the numbers, and place it in front of the brackets.
Step 2 – Take out the highest power of the “Letter” which is a part of every term.
Step 3 – Place the highest factor and highest power of the letter in front of the bracket, then add
the remaining terms inside the bracket
Question 1-(0580-S 2012-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q3)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 2-(0580-S 2015-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q2)
[Link] by grouping
Worked examples
6x + 3 + 2xy + y
=3(2x ++1) + y(2x +1)
= (3 + y)(2x + 1)
Note：(2x +1) was a common factor of both terms.
Question 1- (0580-W 2018-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q8)
Question 2- (0580-W 2019-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q20)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 3-(0580-W 2019-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q11)
Question 4- (0580-S 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q22)
[Link] of two squares
The reverse is that x2−y2 factorises to (x + y)(x−y). x2 and y2 are both square and therefore
x2−y2 is known as the difference of two squares.
Worked examples
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 1-(0580-S 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q22)
Question 2-(0580-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q13)
Question 3-(0580-W 2018-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q25)
[Link] quadratic expressions
(1) When a=1
Question 1- (0580-S 2013-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q18)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 2- (0580-W 2013-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q17)
(2) When a is not1
Question 1-(0580-S 2015-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q5)
7.6 Algebraic fractions
[Link] algebraic fractions
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
The rules for fractions involving algebraic terms are the same as those for numeric fractions.
Question 1- (0580-W 2015-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q15)
Question 2-(0580-W 2014-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q21)
2. Addition and subtraction of fractions
In arithmetic it is easy to add or subtract fractions with the same denominator. It is the same process
when dealing with algebraic fractions.
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
Question 1- (0580-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q8)
Question 2- (0580-S 2013-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q22)
3. Solving equations involving algebraic fractions
Worked example
IGCSE Mathematics 0580
(0580-S 2014-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q12)
IGCSE Mathematics 0580