SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

Ill
In general, deep ocean habitats may be negatively Extraterrestrial life, that familiar science-fiction
affected by tidal current energy systems due to trope, that kitschy fantasy, that CGI nightmare,
the change of water flows, materials on the ocean has become a matter of serious discussion, a
floor, and movement of sediment. Potential other "risk factor;' a "scenario:' How has ET gone from
effects include mortality of fish passing through sci-fi fairytale to a serious scientific endeavor
turbines (blade-strike) and the collision risk modeled by macroeconomists, funded by fiscal
of marine mammals with tidal stream farms. A conservatives, and discussed by theologians?
study showed that change in sediment patterns Because, following a string of remarkable
will most likely follow the installation of tidal discoveries over the past two decades, the idea of
arrays, impacting the local underwater habitat, alien life is [Link] far-fetched as it used to seem.
and in turn, animal and plant species. However, Discovery now seems inevitable and possibly
in their review, Frid et al. conclude that "there is imminent.
little scientific literature to suggest that operation
of underwater tidal energy devices will cause In the text, what is the primary function of the
elevated levels of mortality to organisms such phrases "science-fiction trope;' "kitschy fantasy;'
as fish and marine mammals:' Also, Lewis et al. and "CGLnightmare"?
mention that, "while current technologies have
rrioving parts that may harm marine life, there is A) To point out the ever-changing image of how
no evidence to date of harm from tidal current extraterrestrial creatures appear
devices to marine life:'
B) To encourage readers to imagine the possible
variety of extraterrestrial life
What is the main function of the quotes from Frid
et al. and Lewis et al. in the overall structure of C) To interject a lighthearted note into an
the text? otherwise serious passage
D) To emphasize that there is credibility in
A) They show reputable scientists that hold very something that once was believed impossible
different views from each other.

B) They provide authoritative viewpoints that

oppose that of the author.
C) They undermine conclusions which
emphasize safety of tidal energy systems.
D) They introduce expert opinions that reinforce
the authors' primary claim.
SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

Ill'
.

Text 1 The following text is adapted from Mother

A 1979 paper by father-and-son team Luis Jones's 1912 speech to coal miners picketing in
and William Alvarez identified their discovery Charlestown, West Virginia.
of unusual quantities of a rare element called
I want to show you here that the average
iridium in a layer of sediment about 65 million
wages you fellows get in this country is $500
years ago. They contended that the iridium was
indicative of a massive meteor impact that sent a year. Before you get a thing to eat there is
$20 taken out a month, which leaves about
clouds of dust into the atmosphere, cooling the
$24 a month. Then you go to the "pluck-me"
Earth enough to trigger the mass extinction of the
stores (operated by the mine) and want to '
dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period.
get something to eat for your wife, and the
Text2 child comes back and says, ''.Papa, I can't get
anything."
Though dramatic, the idea of a meteor strike
wiping out the dinosaurs is far-fetched, say
"Why," he says, "there is $24 coming lo me?"
modern paleontologists. They agree a strike
occurred but claim that there was actually no The child says, '"ll1cy said th ·rt; wn s 11othl11g
simultaneous or instantaneous event that could coming to you." And the child go s ll\ k
be classified as a mass extinction. Instead, species crying without a mouthful of unythlng to m l.
slowly died out over millions of years, with the The father goes to th e "pluck- me" slM ' ond
last major represehtati~es living to approximately says to the manager, "there is $24 cominl.{ lo
the end of the Cretaceous period. me," and the manager says, "Oh, no, we have
kept $26 for rent."
Based on the texts, which choice would the
authors of the text most likely agree about? According to the passage, what is true about the
wages of the mine workers?
A) A massive meteorite impact occurred, though
it may not have caused a mass extinction. A) They are lower than the income of mine
B) Though the earth cooled due to a meteor . workers around the country.
impact, it was not enough to kill the B) They are periodically being reduced without
dinosaurs. explanation .
.,
C) There was actually no mass extinction of C) ,,,They are not consistent with the minimum
dinosaurs, though eventually they all died. wages of other jobs.
D) Most dinosaur species died prior to the D) They are insufficient because of the policies of
period after the Cretaceous period. the mine owners.
SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

'
The GRL paper focuses on one region of the Emily Dickenson's poems were edited by her
Southern Ocean extending from the tip of South friends before publication to match the tastes of
America to the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. the times. Her personal style still shines through,
"The Drake Passage is the windiest, roughest as in the way she personifies books in her poem
part of the Southern Ocean;' says Colm Sweeney, "In a Library": _ _
lead investigator on the Drake Passage study
and co-author on the GRL paper, "The critical Which quote from "In a Library" most effectively
element to this study is that we were able to illustrates the claim?
sustain measurements in this harsh environment
as long as we have-both in the summer and A} "A precious, mouldering pleasure 't is / To
the winter, in every year over the last 13 years. meet an antique book, I In just the dress his
This data set of ocean carbon measurements is century wore;"
the densest ongoing time series in the Southern
B) "What interested scholars most, I What
Ocean:' The team was able to take these long-
competitions ran / When Plato was a
term measurements by piggybacking instruments
certainty:'
on the Antarctic Research Supply Vessel Laurence
M. Gould, which makes nearly 20 crossings of the C) "When Sappho was a living girl,/ And
Drake Passage each year, transporting people and Beatrice wore I The gown that Dante deified:'
supplies to and from Antarctic research stations. D) "Facts, centuries before, I He traverses
familiar, / As one should come to town"
According to the text, why are the results of the
Drake Passage study unique?

A) They used more complete measurements than

any other study of the region.
B) They were derived using equipment that had
not previously been used.
C) They incorporated chemical measurements as
well as other forms of data.
D) It was the first study to focus only on the
Southern Ocean.
 - i

SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

El:_
If we manage to separate out a clean signal from Percentage of Registered Nurses by Field
a planet outside our solar system and find some
Government (5%) Educational Services (3%)
features in the light spectrum that might be
indicative of life, we will need to work hard to Nursing homes/
residential care (7%)
think of any non-biological process that might
account for them. "Life is the hypothesis of
last resort;' noted astronomer Carl Sagan. This
Ambulatory
requires some understanding of what processes (outpatient) Hospitals (60%)
might operate on worlds that we will know care (18%)
relatively little about; what we find on Earth can
serve as a guide but also has potential to lead us
astray.
Data from US Bureau of Labor Statistics, June,
Which hypothetical situation is Carl Sagan most
2021
likely warning to avoid in his quote?
Nursing is one of the fields in most demand, with
A) A rover that was sent to Mars discovers a an anticipated anrtual growth rate of 7 percent
bacteria-like organism when it drills deep through 2029. Although some nurses work only
into the core of the planet. in hospitals, there are actually many options,
B) An astronomer realizes that the atmosphere of especially as the population ages and nurses are
a planet is too hot to sustain life even though needed to tend to the daily needs of seniors. For
it has oxygen. example, _ _

C) A scientist finds a planet with a large amount Which choice most effectively uses data from the
of oxygen in its atmosphere so claims that the graph to compJet6. the example?
oxygen is produced by living creatures.
D) A new telescope finds a new planet orbiting A) educational services employed about 3
a star that was previously believed to have no percent of the registered nurses in 2021.
planets. B) fewer registered nurses worked for the
government than in ambulatory care.
,,
C) the percentage of registered nurses working in
nursing homes increased by 7 percent in 2021.
D) about 7 percent of registered nurses in 2021
worked in nursing or residential homes.
SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

El
Engineering and Computer Science Stereotypes

Favoring 2
boys
1.5
Q)

.....0~
Q) 1
.....
.....
Q)
C/)

.s
.......
0.5
-~
Q)
t:Q
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
Favoring -0.5 Grade Level
girls

LEGEND
Gender-interest
Gender-ability

"Scientists ran an experiment where they found that a diverse set of students believed
gender-interest stereotypes favoring boys in computer science and engineering. Students
developed these stereotypes at a very young age. They also found that: Gender-interest
stereotypes were stronger than gender-ability stereotypes. Girls who believed the
stereotypes were _ _ _ __

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?

A) less skilled than interested in computer science and engineering.

B) equally skilled and interested in computer science and engineering.
C) less interested in participating in computer science and engine.~fing.

D) more interested in participating in computer science and engineering.

SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

ID El
The following text is adapted from Jefferson Keel's Behavioral activation is a type of talk therapy that
2011 statement, "The Indian Reorganization helps a patient get unstuck from negative mood
Ai:t-75 Years Later: Renewing our Commitment spirals by noticing a connection between what
to Restore Tribal Homelands and Promote Self- they do and how they feel, and gradually adding
determination:' more small and enjoyable actions back into life.
Behavioral activation has the goal of decreasing
Two years ago, our shared vision and the avoidance, bolstering peer connection, and
Federal responsibility to Indian tribes improving engagement in rewarding activities.
were threatened by the Supreme Court's Through behavioral activation, a client works
interpretation of the IRA in Carcieri v. with a counselor to start looking at actions that
Salazar. There are at least 14 pending cases could help boost the mood. For example, it might
where tribes and the Secretary of Interior are start with a goal to get out of one's pajamas and to
under challenge. There are many more tribes shower every morning. Feeling a little bit better
whose land-to-trust applications have simply just by taking that step, the patient then could
been frozen while the Department ofinterior reach out to get extra support catching up in
works through painstaking legal and historical poor school subjects. In other words, rather than
analysis. We are. seeing harassment litigation waiting to feel better, the patient does things that
against tribes who were on treaty reservations align with personal values and that will lead to
in 1934 with a BIA superintendent. Land feeling better.
acquisitions are delayed. Lending and credit
are drying up. Jobs are lost or never created. Based on the text, why is behavioral activation
We fear that this will continue to get worse successful in treating depression?
until Congress acts. Even worse, this decision
will create two classes of Indian tribes: A) It encourages the patient to do what feels most
those who will benefit from Federal trust comfortable at the time.
responsibility and those who will not.
B) It uses incremental steps to form patterns of
According to the text, [Link] the Carcieri decision behavior that alter emotions.
especially problematic? C) it focuses on solving the problems that
triggered the depressed behavior.
A) It did not adhere to the exact wording of the
D) It,emphasizes long-term goals that can be
original 1934 legislation.
attempted when the patient is healthy
B) It asserted that the 1934 legislation only
applies to specific Native Americans.

C) It created new methods by whi ch th e Native

Americans could regain lands.

D) It set precedents that fa cililal •d Ilic

establishment of tribal gov -rn111 ·111 s.
SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

In the Solomon Islands, cowry shells were sewn Numerous theorists have offered minimum wage
into long pieces of cloth as a form of currency, as a mechanism for leveling economic inequality
and although _ _ use has declined, they have by enabling lower-paid workers to earn more
not been completely replaced by modern coinage. money. However, Professor David Neumark, in
conjunction with Dr. William Wascher of the
Which choice completes the text so that it Federal Reserve Board, _ _ with this view. The
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? results of their literature survey covering over
100 papers revealed that only 10 percent reported
A) its positive results and over two-thirds documented
increased disparity.
B) their

C) there Which choice completes the text so that it

conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
D) they're

A) dissent

B) dissents

C) dissenting

D) have dissented
Volcanoes come in all sizes and shapes, but they
all fall into three basic structural patterns known
as cinder cone, _ _ shield formations.

Which choice completes the text so that it

conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
People in developed nations often take water for
A) corhposite (or stratovolcano), and _ _ over 2 billion people in the world do not
have access to safe drinking water; 670 million
B) composite, (or stratovolcano), and
people have no handwashing facilities at all.
C) composite (or stratovolcano) and,
Which choice completes the text so that it
D) composite, (or stratovolcano) and, ~1 ,,,.

conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) granted but;

B) granted; but

C) granted, but

D) granted but
SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

El
Wheat and rice are the most common cereal crops According to _ _ the variation among the
in the world and are consumed as the staple part sites would increase over time, as random chance
of diets in many countries, but there are many caused different species to go extinct in some
other cereal _ _ that can be eaten directly or areas but not others.
fed to meat animals.
Which choice completes the text so that it
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) Clark the neutral model would predict that:
A) crops-such as rye and sorghum-
B) Clark, the neutral model would predict that
B) crops, such as rye, and sorghum,
C) Clark, the neutral model would predict: that
C) crops-such as rye and sorghum,
D) Clark the neutral model would predict, that
D) crops, such as rye and sorghum-

ID .
ID , --- There are so many sub-fields in science that
Inuit is the common name for a group of sometimes the distinctions are hard to determine,
indigenous peoples who live in the arctic and and many overlap. _ _ paleontology is the
subarctic regions. The term was originally used study of ancient life, including creatures ranging
by the Alaskan Inupiat people, so is not always from as small as microbes to as large as dinosaurs,
used in self-reference by all the _ _ Labrador, but paleoichthyology focuses exclusively on the
Quebec, Nunavut, and the Northwest Territories. study of prehistoric fish.

Which choice completes the text so that it Which choice completes the text with the most
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? logical transition?

A) sub-groups in Greenland, A) ·~Qr else,

B) sub-groups in: Greenland, B) Even so,

C) sub-groups in: Greenland C) For instance,

D) sub-groups; in Greenland, D) On the whole,
SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

Echolocation is a form of sonar in which an

animal emits a sound and, using the resulting
echo, can locate and identify various objects.
Echolocation is highly developed in only a few
species, such as bats, whales and dolphins. _ _
it is also present in a limited form among shrews
and two species of cave-dwelling birds.

Which choice completes the text with the most

logical transition?

A) However,
B) Consequently,
C) Accordingly,

D) Clearly,

It turns out that 21.6 percent of the population

in the United [Link] are bilingual and speak a
language other than English in their homes.
_ _ that may seem like a large percentage, it
is far lower than the worldwide average of 43
percent of the population speaking at least two
languages.

Which choice completes the text with the most

logical transition?

A) Although
B) Because
C) Despite
D) Since
SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Maya Angelou was a famous civil rights activist, poet, and author, though she held
many other roles throughout her life.

• I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969) is one of her most acclaimed books; it
publicly reveals details about her private life up to the age of 17.

• She was asked to read the poem "On the Pulse of Morning" at President Bill Clinton's
inaugural ceremony in 1993.

• She directed her first movie, Down the Delta, in 1996, though she had previously
participated in acting and production of other movies.

• Published in 2013 when she was 85 ·years old, Mom & Me & Mom recounts her
complex relationship with her own mother.

• At her death in 2014, she was working on a new book about her experiences willi
different world leaders.

The student wants to emphasize an underlying theme in some of Maya Angdo11's hook ~.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accn mpli sli
this goal?

A) Maya Angelou wrote a wide variety of works in her later years, including Down the
Delta and Mom & Me & Mom.

B) Many of Maya Angelou's works, such as I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and Mom &
Me & Mom, are autobiographical.

C) . Maya Angelou had close contact with many world leaders, as shown by reading "On
the Pulse of Morning" at President Bill Clinton's 1993 inaugural ceremony and writing
a book on the subject prior to her death. --,.,
D) While some of her books received great critical acclaim, such as I Know Why the
Caged Bird Sings, others were not popular, such as Morn & Me & Morn.
SAT Section 1 MODULE 1 R3

El
While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:

• In 1803, Luke Howard first defined the

different categories of clouds.

• Cirro-form clouds are high and wispy, like

curls of hair. They usually appear before a
change in weather.

• Curnulo-form clouds are tall, reaching

from low to high in the sky because they are
formed by rising humid air. They have a flat
base and distinct shapes, like fluffy cotton
balls.

• Strata-form clouds are low, wide, and flat.

They often cover the whole sky in a gray or
white layer and do not have clear edges.

• Nimbo-form clouds are the type that bring

rain or snow. They are actually a combination
of the other three cloud forms, so can be
similar in shape to any of the others.

The student wants to emphasize how nimbo-form

clouds differentiate from the other three types.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this
goal?

A) Unlike other types of douds, nimbo-form

clouds produce precipitation.
B) Nimbo-form clouds are much larger than
other types of clouds.
C) Different from other cloud types, nimbo-
forms do not have any shape.
I
D) While other clouds are low in the sky, nimbo- I
form clouds are high.
I