NMAT QUICK NOTES 2022

• This reviewer contains comprehensive information

regarding the topics covered by NMAT. This has been
gathered from multiple reliable sources, such as
textbooks, journals, and databases.
• However, it should be understood that the scope of the
NMAT is so vast that it is impossible to cover all in one
book. Do not expect that all the information here will be
found on the exam nor all the questions on the NMAT will
be found exactly in this reviewer.

TEST DAY INSTRUCTIONS TIPS FOR PART 1

• A distraction-free, quiet space where you can take the VERBAL SUBTEST
exam alone
• A desktop or laptop running the Windows operating ANALOGIES
system
• Functional webcam (either built-in or separate from your • Your existing vocabulary, particularly for the
desktop or laptop computer) ANALOGIES section, will play a significant role.
• A steady internet connection with a minimum bandwidth • If you can't answer one question, try not to get frustrated.
of 512 kbps
• Safe examination browser (Mettl Secure Browser). For • Synonym-Antonym
the exam to be taken safely, you must download and o Example: exciting - dull
install this application on your computer. Without this • Object: Classification
program, you will not be able to access the test. o Example: green: color /// ants: insect
• Part-whole/Specific-general
ON THE TEST DAY o Example: hand:fingers /// books:pages
• Object: group
SEE TO IT THAT YOU: o Example: whale:pod /// kitten:litter
• Get adequate sleep • Sequence
• Consumed food prior to the test. o Example: caterpillar:butterfly
• Arrive at the testing location at least 30 minutes prior to • Cause and Effect
the start of the test. o Example: fire:burn // trip:fall
• Possess valid identification and/or an exam permit. • Things that go together
• Carefully read all test instructions and candidate o Example: knife:fork // bow:arrow
guidelines. • Object and Function
• Take your time and attentively read the exam questions! o Example: pen:write // knife:cut
• Total/instrument: user: object of action
o Example: stethoscope:physician //
REMINDERS artist:canvas
• Object and Composition
• A digital scratch pad will be available on the exam o Example: pot:clay
platform. • Degree of a characteristic
• Instead of using the digital scratch pad, examinees may o Example: big:enormous // cold:freezing
utilize a small whiteboard and a whiteboard pen (or other • Object and units of measurement
easily erasable writing materials). o Example: water:liter // sand:grams
• It is not permitted to use scratch paper, externally linked • Object: characteristics (Shape, color, smell, taste,
devices like USBs, extra monitors, extended keyboards, etc.)
writing tablets, touchscreen styluses, or any other o Example: grass:green // marshmallow:soft
comparable onscreen writing tools. • Object: location
o Example: stove:kitchen // car:garage
PROHIBITED MATERIALS • Performer: action
o Example: teacher:teach // pharmacist:dispense
• Any kind of PHONES • Action; result: significance
• tablets and e-readers o Example: Drill:hole
• all wearable technology • Symbol: meaning
• all watches o Example: gun:war
• any other electronic, recording, listening, scanning, • Grammatical/Verb tenses
printing or photographic devices o pagers or beepers o Example: eat:ate // win:won
• digital storage devices • Problem: solution
• mechanical pencils, mechanical erasers, pens, highlighter o Example: Hungry:eat // itch:scratch
pens, compasses, rulers, protractors
• mirrors (of any kind) Think about why the first two words are combined. The following two
• calculators obooks, pamphlets, notes, dictionaries, words should be combined due to a shared "link."
translators
• unauthorized materials for scratch work
• scan pens or scanning devices

PART 1: MENTAL ABILITY

• Verbal
• Inductive Reasoning
• Quantitative Think about why the first two words are combined. The following
• Perceptual Acuity two words should be combined due to a shared "link."
 READING COMPREHENSION

Examine the Whole Test

• Make sure to read the full test before spending too much
time to one passage. Find out how many passages you'll
need to read, and then count the questions that correlate
with each one.

Concentrate on the Issues

• When taking reading comprehension tests, read the
questions before the passages they refer to. You can
have a better sense of what to look for in the passage by
reviewing the questions.

Work on the Solutions

• Answers that contain the words never or always are also
unlikely to be accurate.
• There may also be questions with numerous solutions
that are essentially the same but are phrased differently.
These are likely incorrect.

Use the passage

• You may be required to locate a word's definition inside
a passage as part of a reading comprehension question.
Before you take the time to read the entire article, look
for any italicized terms because they are frequently
used.
• Look for any ideas that seem to reoccur at the beginning
and the end of the section. This is likely the article's
major point.

Learning and Practicing Reading Comprehension Strategies

• When it comes to reading comprehension tests, you
need to have a solid understanding of strategies you can
use with this skill.

There are six major kinds of reading questions.

• Main Idea– Questions that ask for the central thought or

significance of the passage.
• Specific Details – Questions that asks for explicitly stated
ideas.
• Drawing Inferences – Questions that ask for a INDUCTIVE REASONING AND PERCEPTUAL ACTUITY
statement’s intended meaning.
• Tone or Attitude – Questions that test your ability to Recognize the most typical patterns
sense the emotional state of the author. • It is crucial to practice as many inductive reasoning tests
• Context Meaning – Questions that ask for the meaning as you can in order to become familiar with these patterns.
of a word depending on the context. Utilize the elimination process
• Technique – Questions that ask for the method of • Eliminate each potential response option one at a time
organization or the writing style of the author. until there is only one remaining, which implies that it must
be the right response by deduction.
You will be required to read lengthy paragraphs for the reading If you're having trouble, try starting at the pattern's end.
comprehension section. AVOID WAITING TIME BY SEARCHING • Reversing a complicated sequence is an excellent
THE QUESTIONS PRIOR so that you will know EXACTLY WHAT approach to simplify things. This will frequently result in a
TO SEARCH FOR IN THE 2 sessions. "eureka" moment, enabling you to view the pattern from a
new [Link] onto one sub pattern at a time and follow
that through
• Focus on figuring out the pattern of one object at a time,
following it through to the end and eliminating any answer
options that don’t fit.
Don’t forgot what you’ve eliminated
• Record on paper the ones you've discarded. But that
might take too much time. The alternative is to simply
place your fingers over the choices you have ruled out.
Stay Calm
 • It goes without saying that this is easier said than done,
but losing attention during the test will have the most
negative impact on your performance. Tests requiring
inductive reasoning are timed, which some people believe
adds pressure and makes it difficult for them to focus.

TIPS FOR INDUCTIVE REASONING SUBTEST

FIGURE SERIES

• Because of their complexity, some numbers are unsettling NUMBER AND LETTER SERIES
to look at. Establish the individual patterns of the figures
by dissecting the figures into their component parts. If you • At the start of this subtest, immediately write a number-
put these patterns in writing, it would be helpful. letter line on your scratch paper:
Immediately EXCLUDE choices that do not follow the
patterns.

• Once you are left with a single answer, double check by

making sure it follows the patterns you have seen • When faced with a letter series, convert all letters to
(INCLUSION) numbers. It will be much easier!
• Not all patterns are obvious. See if the numbers are
EXAMPLE: constantly increasing or decreasing or are they going
“see-saw”
• The patterns are not always obvious. Sometimes you
have two number-line series “zippered” together. Dissect
the series to see if there are two zippers with two
different patterns!

FIGURE GROUPING

• • Examine all the numbers at once. Explain each of the

five individual parts of each figure in order to develop
"rules" (Form, Shading, Position, Relationship to Other
Parts, Number of Parts) 2.
• By taking two figures, you can check your rules. Try to
apply a rule that is followed by at least two digits. the rule
to the other figures as well to confirm that it is valid.
o If there is just one figure that deviates from a
confirming rule, that figure is considered to be
the "odd-one-out." EXAMPLES - IR
o A confirming rule is faulty if it just has three
figures or fewer adhering to it. Repetition is
required.

Choice E violates the “Relationship to other components” rule.

Objects #2 and #3 are incorrectly placed in relation to object #1.
Note that #2 should be adjacent to the “short arm” while #3 is
adjacent to the “long arm” in the other figures.
 PERCEPTUAL ACTUITY • • Calculators are not permitted to be brought. All items can
be answered manually. Practice answering word
• This part is also time consuming. CHOOSE TO ANSWER problems. Translate all given values into algebraic
EASY, SHORT OR UNCOMPLICATED ITEMS FIRST notation. Make sure you know what is being asked before
• Three subtests: (1) hidden figures, (2) mirror images, (3) proceeding to your calculations
identical information • Memorize most common sine and cosine values. This
• Hidden figures: – Try to describe the hidden figure first might come handy also for Physics
in your mind before jumping to the choices. Observe
o The size, shading, angles in the hidden figure,
etc.
o Try to trace the hidden figure in each choice.

Mirror images
• Again, describe the object of interest first inside your
mind before jumping to the choices. THIS TEST IS
ABOUT PERCEPTUAL ACUITY!
• You need to be able to see the finest details.

Identical information
• Choose to answer the EASY, SHORT OR Exclude options that you are certain are incorrect
UNCOMPLICATED ITEMS FIRST. • When first encountering the question, often out of the 5
• Do not go word by word per paragraph. You will options there are answers that are significantly different
waste your time. in magnitude to the other options; therefore, it can be
• The cheat code is to observe the punctuations, effective to exclude or eliminate these answers, allowing
capitalization and numbers first. This will help you you to focus on the remaining options.
trim down your choices faster!!! Rationale: Our eyes Don’t forget to look at the units
often miss minor spelling and grammar errors • Many questions in the Quantitative Reasoning section
because of an inherent “auto-corrective” function will require you to do unit conversion calculations.
deep in our brains! However, occasionally the units in the data provided will
be different to the units used in the answers. Therefore,
EXAMPLES it is imperative to double check what units are used in
the options given to you, and convert if necessary.
Utilize time saving techniques
• Triage and complete questions that you are confident in
answering, and then ‘flagging’ those that take longer to
answer, going back to them once you reach the end of
the section. This ensures that you are able to answer as
many questions correctly as possible.
Practice your mental maths
• Being able to quickly do calculations in your head is a
massive way of saving time, so be sure to practice your
mental arithmetic as much as possible before the exam.
• Regularly do practice questions
• It is essential that you do regular practice exam
questions to adapt and get used to the style of question
provided. Question types are often repeated, therefore
being aware of how to quickly answer each type of
question can be extremely beneficial.
IN A NUTSHELL
• Read the entire question
• Answer what you know first
o Getting easy questions out of the way can
save you lots of extra time, allowing you to
spend the majority of your time on questions
that are a bit more challenging and require
more of your attention and focus
• Eliminate wrong answers.
o Even when you believe you know the right
answer, first eliminating those answers you
know are incorrect will ensure your answer
choice is the correct choice

• Pay attention to these words...

o Pay particularly close attention to the words
not, sometimes, always, and never. If you can
find a single counterexample, then the answer
is not correct
• Make an educated guess.
o If it will not count against your score, make an
QUANTITATIVE SKILLS educated guess for any question you're unsure
about.
• Perhaps the only portion of the Part I exam that you can
study from a textbook is this one. PART 2 NMAT
• • ALLOCATE YOUR TIME WISELY. THE LARGE
MAJORITY OF STUDENTS DO NOT COMPLETE THIS • Biology
PART. SELECT TO ANSWER EASY, SHORT OR • Physics
UNCOMPLICATED ITEMS FIRST. • Social Science
• Chemistry

BIOLOGY

BOTANY

ZOOLOGY
Function of Organelles
• Nucleus: contains all DNA in animal cell
• Nuclear envelope or membrane: double phospholipid
bilayer that surrounds nucleus and has pores for RNA to
move out.
• Nucleolus: where rRNA is transcribed and the subunits
of ribosomes are assembled
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum: flattened sacs with
many ribosomes and synthesizes proteins
• Golgi complex: modifies and packages proteins for use
in other parts of the cell
• Lysosomes: contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest
substances
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: tubular, lipid synthesis
and detoxification of drugs
• Peroxisomes: vesicles in cytosol involved in production
and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
• Ribosome: make proteins
• Chromosomes: part of nucleus and distinct during
replication
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Cellular Filaments
• Cytoskeleton: a network of filaments that determine the Collection of structures, organs, and glands that work in concert to
structure and motility of the cell ingest food, break it into molecules that can be absorbed by the
• Microtubules: larger than microfilaments; rigid hollow circulatory system, and eliminate solid waste from the body.
tubes made from tubulin involved in flagella and cilia
construction and spindle apparatus
• Microfilaments: squeeze membrane together in
phagocytosis and cytokinesis the contractile force in
microvilli and muscle.
• Flagella: tail of sperm so it can move
• Cilia: are found only in fallopian tubes and respiratory
tract of humans
• Centrosome: involved in cell division. Microtubules grow
from it.
• Centrioles: function in production of flagella and cilia, but
not for microtubule production

CELL CYCLE
• G1: usually the longest stage. Cell splits and grows.
• S: energy used for replicating DNA
• G2: cell prepares to divide
• M: Meiosis or Mitosis
• Cytokinesis: separation of the cellular cytoplasm due to
constriction of microfilaments about the center of the cell CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Nutrients absorbed by digestion, wastes to be removed by the

excretory system, oxygen gains through respiration, immune system
components, hormones secreted from endocrine glands, and lymph
fluid are the prime substances moved through the circulatory
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Consists of the lungs and related structures; it delivers oxygen to,

and removes carbon dioxide from, the circulatory system in humans
via the functional units known as the alveoli.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

EXCRETORY SYSTEM Receives input from internal and external sensors and relays that
information to the brain, where integration occurs; the brain sends
Maintains water, salt, and pH balance, and removes nitrogenous out nervous signals to different parts of the body that carry out
wastes (urea in humans) from the body by filtering the circulating actions in response
blood

IMMUNE SYSTEM
Specific and nonspecific defenses used by the body to fight
pathogens.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS
• Metabolism (the burning of fuels by the body)
• Growth and development.
• Sexual function and reproduction.
• Blood pressure.
• Appetite (satiety and hunger)
MUSCULAR SYSTEM • Sleeping and waking cycles

SKELETAL SYSTEM

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 DARWIN

PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION

TAXONOMY, SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION

LAMARCK
 DNA Structure
BIOCHEMISTRY • Two strands are antiparallel (opposite direction)
• Two strands are complementary. A always pairs with T
(two hydrogen bonds), and G always pairs with C (three
CENTRAL DOGMA hydrogen bonds). Thus, the base sequence on one
strand defines the base sequence on the other strand.
• Chargaff’s rules: Because of the specific base pairing,
the amount of A equals the amount of T. Thus, total
purines equals total pyrimidines.
• Most DNA occur in a right-handed double-helical
molecule known as Watson-Crick DNA or B-DN

NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA and RNA)

TYPES OF RNA

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Most abundant type of RNA
• Structural component of the ribosome
• Associates with ribosomal proteins to form the complete,
functional ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• Second most abundant
• Carry amino acids to the ribosome, where they will be
linked together during protein synthesis
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Carries information specifying the amino acid sequence
of a protein to the ribosome
• ONLY type of RNA that is translated
• Very heterogeneous in size and base sequence
Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA or pre-mRNA)
• Found only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
• Represents precursors of mRNA, formed during its
posttranscriptional processing
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
• Found ONLY in the nucleus of eukaryotes
• Participate in splicing (removal of introns) mRNA
Ribozymes
• RNA molecules with enzymatic activity
• Found in BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes

PROTEINS
 CARBOHYDRATES

\
LIPIDS

LEVELS OF ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

In a town of 2000, 20 had disease X, a newly condition with

autosomal recessive inheritance. There are only 2 alleles for this
trait.
• How many individuals are heterozygous for this trait?
• How many individuals have the dominant allele?

ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP

In a town of 2000, 20 had disease X, a newly condition with

autosomal recessive inheritance. There are only 2 alleles for this
trait.
• How many individuals are heterozygous for this trait?
• How many individuals have the dominant allele?

GENETICS
 PHYSICS

VECTORS AND SCALARS

A quantity that has magnitude but no particular direction is

described as scalar. A quantity that has magnitude and acts in a
particular direction is described as vector.

ACCELERATION

FORCE OF GRAVITY

WORK

MECHANICS

• Distance: a scalar quantity that refers to "how much

ground an object has covered" during its motion
• Displacement: a vector quantity that refers to "how far
out of place an object is"; it is the object's overall change
in position Speed a scalar quantity that refers to "how fast
an object is moving."
• Velocity: a vector quantity that refers to "the rate at which
an object changes its position."
POWER
• Acceleration: the rate of change of velocity per unit of
time
• Free fall: any motion of a body where the only force acting
upon it is gravity

LAW OF MOTION

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

Kinetic Energy: energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in

motion
Potential Energy: energy at rest; stored energy of an object
Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can neither be created
nor destroyed; it can only be changed from one form to another.

SPEED
 ELECTROMAGNETICS

Ohm’s law: current flowing through a circuit is directly proportional

to the potential difference and inversely proportional to the
resistance of the circuit

WAVES
Series circuit: an electric circuit with several components arranged
to allow current to flow through one single path Wave Characteristics
• Crests: maximum value or upward displacement within a
cycle
• Troughs: lowest part of a wave
• Wavelength: distance between two adjacent crests or
troughs, measured in meters
• Amplitude: height of a wave, measured in meters
• Frequency: number of complete waves that pass a point
Parallel circuit: electric circuit with two or more components in one second, measured in inverse seconds or Hertz
connected across two common points to allow separate conducting
• Period: time it takes for a complete wave to pass,
paths
measured in seconds
• Wave velocity: horizontal speed of a point on a wave as
it propagates,, measured in meters/second

Factors affecting Electric Current

• Length
• Diameter
• Nature of material
• Temperature
 HEAT AND ENERGY

Law of reflection: waves

are reflected from the
boundary of the medium at
the same angle they
approach it

Refraction: If a wave
travels through two media
with different properties, the wave velocity on one side of the
boundary will differ from that on the other side. The direction of
travel of the transmitted wave is also changed.

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

THEORY OF RELATIVITY

• Length contraction
• Time dilation
• Mass increase

CHEMISTRY
OPTICS
GENERAL CONCEPTS
 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Percentage

Molarity(M): concentration of a solution expressed as the number

of moles of solute per liter of solution

Molality (m): property of a solution and is defined as the number of

moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Normality(N): measure of concentration equal to the gram

equivalent weight per liter of solution

Dilution: process of reducing the concentration of the solution

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

BASIC NOMENCLATURE
 • Boyle’s Law: the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a
constant temperature is inversely proportional to the
volume of the gas
o P1V1 = P2V2
• Charles’s and Guy-Lussac’s Law: the volume of a fixed
amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas
o V1 /T1 = V2 /T2
o P1 /T1 = P2 /T2
• Avogadro’s law: the volume of a sample of gas is directly
proportional to the number of moles in the sample at
constant temperature and pressure
• The Combined Gas Law: the ratio of the product of
pressure and volume and the absolute temperature of a
gas is equal to a constant
o PV/T = k

SOCIAL SCIENCE

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

PLEASE VISIT: [Link]

comp-names/

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

• Radioactivity: the emission of ionizing radiation or

particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of
atomic nuclei
• α particles: composite particles consisting of two protons
and two neutrons tightly bound together; emitted from the
nucleus of some radionuclides during a form of
radioactive decay, called alpha-decay
• β particles: high energy, high speed electron or positron
emitted by radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus during
the process of beta decay
• γ rays: electromagnetic radiation; most energetic form of
electromagnetic radiation, with a very short wavelength of CULTURE
less than one-tenth of a nanometer

GASES
 SOCIETY

• Know their differences

MAJOR STUDIES OF SOCIALIZATION SOCIAL CONTROL

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

PATRIARCHY AND SEXISM

RACE AND ETHNICITY

FAMILY
 PSYCHOLOGY

SENSATION AND PERCEPTION

MARRIAGE PATTERNS

RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS

VISUAL SENSE

PATTERNS OF DESCENT

TYPES OF CHURCH

• State church or Ecclesia is a church formally allied with

the state
• Denomination, by contrast, is a church, independent of
the state, that recognizes religious pluralism
• Sect, is a type of religious organization that stands apart
from the larger society. Sect members have rigid religious
convictions and deny the beliefs of others.
• Cult is a religious organization that is largely outside a
society’s cultural traditions.

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
 SENSE OF HEARING MUSCLE SENSE

SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM

SENSE OF SMELL

SENSE OF TASTE
CONSCIOUSNESS
• sweet
• salty SLEEP
• sour
• bitter • Stage 1 NREM is the "drifting off" stage, characterized by
• umami: a meaty-cheesy lowered brain activity, blood pressure, and muscle tone.
taste found in cheese, meat During this 10-minute period, a sleeper may experience
pizza, and monosodium twitches and may even deny having slept at all.
glutamate (MSG) • Stage 2 NREM is characterized by sleep spindles and K
complexes. During this stage, muscular activity
decreases, and conscious awareness of the external
environment disappears.
• Stage 3 NREM (formerly considered two stages, 3 and 4)
is the deepest stage of NREM sleep. It is characterized by
delta waves, and is also called slow-wave sleep or SWS.
SKIN SENSE It occurs 30– 45 minutes after falling asleep, and many
environmental stimuli no longer produce any reactions.
• REM sleep is characterized by partial paralysis, vivid
dreaming, and an EEG that resembles waking brain
activity. It is also referred to as paradoxical sleep because
the sleeper, although exhibiting waking-state EEG waves,
is harder to arouse than at any other sleep stage.
 DEVELOPMENT, MOTIVATION, EMOTION AND PERSONALITY

EMOTIONS

PERSONALITY THEORIES

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND THERAPIES

ANXIETY DISORDERS

LEARNING, MEMORY, THOUGHT, LANGUAGE AND

INTELLIGENCE

TYPES OF LEARNING

MEMORY
 PERSONALITY DISORDERS

MOCK TEST

THIS IS A TIMED MOCK TEST. GOOD LUCK!

Part 1: [Link]
N0GcYbawDEDswnrvBAA

SOMATOFORM DISORDERS Part 2: [Link]

SCHIZOPRENIA

Schizophrenia —a pattern of severely disturbed thinking, emotion,

perception, and behavior that constitutes one of the most serious-
and disabling of all mental disorders.
• Paranoid schizophrenia — delusions of grandeur or
persecution; anger; anxiety; argumentativeness; extreme
jealousy; onset often sudden; signs of impairment may be
subtle.
• Disorganized schizophrenia — delusions,
hallucinations, incoherent speech, facial grimaces,
inappropriate laughter/giggling, neglected personal
hygiene, loss of bladder/bowel control
• Catatonic schizophrenia — disordered movement,
alternating between total immobility (stupor) and wild
excitement.
• Undifferentiated schizophrenia — patterns of
disordered behavior, thought, and emotion that do not fall
easily into any other subtype.
• Residual schizophrenia — applies to people who have
had prior episodes of schizophrenia but are not currently
displaying symptoms.