DIFFERENT TYPES
MECHANISM
Presented by:
Miss May-ann A. Dano
Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the learner shall be able to:
a. discuss the isolation mechanism of species;
b. cite the importance of the mechanism of species; and
c. identify the mechanism present in the given situation.
SPECIES?
“Species are groups of interbreeding
natural populations that are
reproductively isolated from other such
groups”
-Ernts Mayer
SPECIES?
It is a closely related organism that is
very similar and capable of producing
fertile offspring.
Reproductive Isolating
Mechanism
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation
are a collection of evolutionary
mechanisms, behaviors and physiological
processes critical for speciation.
Pre-zygotic Isolation
Mechanism
❖ prevent fertilization and zygote
formation
❖ happen before fertilization occurs
between gametes
Geographic Isolation
Mechanism
Geographic isolation occurs when two populations are separated
by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of
water.
Temporal or Seasonal
Isolation Mechanism
Temporal isolation means 'isolated in time,' so this is a mechanism
that prevents species from mating because they breed at
different times. These differences can be time of day, season, or
even different years.
Behavioral Isolation
Mechanism
This happens when two populations of the same species develop
some difference in behavior. A common example is mating rituals.
Mechanical Isolation
Mechanism
This happen where no fertilization occurs and
thus reproduction does not occur. Mechanical
isolation includes any physical barrier that
prevents mating
Mechanical Isolation
Mechanism
Gametic Isolation
Mechanism
a type of prezygotic barrier where the gametes
(egg and sperm) come into contact, but no
fertilization takes place. Gametes may be
unable to recognize one another in different
species.
Gametic Isolation
Mechanism
Post-zygotic
Isolation Mechanism
❖ Allow fertilization but weak or
sterile offspring.
Hybrid Inviability
❖ reduces a hybrid's
capacity to mature into a
healthy, fit adult.
Hybrid Sterility
❖ Their hybrids are sterile because
gonads develop abnormally.
❖ Their hybrids are
sterile because
gonads develop
abnormally.
Hybrid Breakdown
a type of reproductive failure
that appears after the F2
generation of crosses
between different species or
subspecies.
SPECIATION
Speciation occurs when a group within a
species separates from other members
of its species and develops its unique
characteristics.
MODE OF
SPECIATION
Allopatric Speciation
is a mode of speciation that
occurs when biological
populations become
geographically isolated from
each other to an extent that
prevents or interferes with
gene flow.
Sympatric Speciation
the evolution of a new species
from a surviving ancestral
species while both continue to
inhabit the same geographic
region.
Parapatric Speciation
occurs when a smaller population is
isolated, usually at the periphery of a
larger group, and becomes
differentiated to the point of
becoming a new species.