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Class 6 Living Science: Food Components

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290 views3 pages

Class 6 Living Science: Food Components

Uploaded by

Neha Garg
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LIVING SCIENCE CLASS6 SOLUTION CHAPTER 2.

COMPONENTS OF FOOD

P. 17 Oral Questions For Formative Assessment

1. carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

2. sugary food, sugars release energy quickly than other energy giving foods

3. They do not provide us quick energy. But when we are short of energy, the body uses them.

4. A 10-year-old child. It is necessary for growth of the body which is the case for the child. Per kilogram

body weight is specified here because protein requirement increases if your weight is more.

5. Plant food, it is a kind of carbohydrate

P. 21 Oral Questions For Formative Assessment

1. a. kwashiorkor b. night blindness

2. a. rickets, deficiency of vitamin D

b. scurvy, deficiency of vitamin C

c. anemia, deficiency of iron

d. goitre, deficiency of iodine in the diet

p. 21 For Formative and Summative Assessment

A. 1. c 2.a 3.c 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. a 8. b

9. d 10. d

B. 1. deficiency 2. true 3. Skin 4. vitamin D 5. calcium [Link]

7. balanced 8. true 9. False 10. Vitamin C

C. 1. Nutrients are divided into the following classes

a. Carbohydrates give us energy to work. For example, starch, sugar and so on.

b. Fats give us more energy than starch or sugar. For example, oil, nuts and so on.

c. Proteins help us to grow. For example, eggs, fish and so on.

d. Vitamins are essential for the proper working of the body. For example, milk, green leafy vegetables and

so on.

e. Minerals are required by our body in small quantities in the diet to maintain good health For example,

liver, eggs, milk and so on.

Carbohydrates and fats provide energy to the body. However, carbohydrates give instant energy.

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2. Foods rich in vitamins and minerals are known as protective foods. They protect our body against

diseases. They are essential for the proper working of the body and to maintain good health.

3. Proteins are needed for the growth and repair of the body. They build new cells and hence are body-

building foods.

4. High or prolonged exposure to heat. For example, vitamin C gets destroyed during cooking due to heat.

5. Sugars and starch are two kinds of carbohydrates. Sugars provide us quick energy.

6. Vitamins and minerals are needed by our body in small quantities only.

7. In marasmus, the child becomes very thin and loose folds of skin can be seen all over the body.

8. The incidence of goiter among the people living in the Himalayan region was quite high because the

iodine content of soil and water is low there.

D. 1. a. For normal growth, healthy eyes and skin. b. For healthy growth and strong blood vessels

c. Helps to use calcium for formation of strong bones and teeth. d. Helps in the clotting of blood.

2. a. For strong bones and teeth. b. For the proper functioning of the nervous system.

c. For growth, for keeping cells and blood healthy.

d. For the formation of the substance that helps red blood cells carry oxygen to body cells.

3. We should drink 6 - 8 glasses of water every day because life processes cannot occur without water. It

only serves as a solvent in which all chemical reactions take place. It helps our body to absorb nutrients

from food and transport them throughout the body. It collects wastes from different parts of the body, and

removes them from the body in the form of urine and sweat.

4. A balanced diet is one that contains the proper amounts of each nutrient. However, balanced diet is not

the same for everyone. It depends on age, sex and the type of work that one does.

5. Diseases caused by lack of essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals are known as deficiency

diseases.

The four deficiency diseases and the associated nutrients:

(i) Night blindness is caused by the deficiency of vitamin A.

(ii) Beri-beri is a disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin B1.

(iii) Anaemia is caused by the deficiency of iron.

(iv) Goitre is caused by the deficiency of iodine.

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6. Roughage adds bulk to our food. It prevents constipation and ensures proper bowel movement. It also

reduces the risk of heart diseases and bowel cancer.

HOTS Questions

1. Constipation is common among people in the western countries who eat more meat and processed food

and not enough plant food because of a diet low in fibre necessary for the proper functioning of the

digestive system. Fibre adds bulk to the food and prevents constipation by ensuring proper bowel

movement.

2. No. Because the engineer does not do physical work and hence does not require the extra calories that

eating more carbohydrates and fats will provide. In fact this may make him gain weight and hence become

less healthy.

3. No, because though milk contains most nutrients, it does not provide roughage which is essential for

proper digestion and bowel movements.

4. In such a voyage it would be difficult to get fresh fruits and vegetables that are necessary to provide

vitamin C, a lack of which would lead to gum problems (scurvy).

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Common questions

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Vitamins and minerals are essential for maintaining various bodily functions and preventing diseases. They act as protective foods, safeguarding the body against diseases and ensuring its proper functioning. For example, vitamin D is crucial for using calcium to form strong bones and teeth, while vitamin C is essential for healthy blood vessels. Deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to diseases such as night blindness, beri-beri, anemia, and goitre .

A child requires more proteins and certain nutrients essential for growth and development, such as calcium and vitamins, to support rapid growth and building of body tissues. In contrast, a sedentary adult may need fewer calories as their energy expenditure is lower compared to a physically active child. Their diet should focus more on maintenance needs and prevention of age-related health issues rather than growth .

Roughage, or dietary fiber, adds bulk to the food, which is essential for preventing constipation by ensuring proper bowel movements. It also lowers the risk of developing heart diseases and bowel cancer. A diet high in roughage improves digestive health and contributes to the prevention of conditions related to poor bowel function .

Water is essential in the diet as it serves as the solvent in which all chemical reactions in the body occur. It helps in nutrient absorption and transportation throughout the body, collects waste materials, and aids in their removal through urine and sweat. Adequate water intake supports all life processes and is critical for maintaining proper hydration, which is vital for overall health .

High or prolonged exposure to heat can destroy certain vitamins during cooking. For instance, vitamin C, which is sensitive to heat, may get destroyed when exposed to high temperatures. This implies a reduction in the nutritional value of foods rich in vitamin C when they are overcooked, highlighting the importance of adopting cooking methods that preserve nutrient content .

Iodine deficiency is closely linked to geographical regions where the iodine content in soil and water is low, such as the Himalayan region. This deficiency leads to a higher incidence of goiter among the local population. The relationship highlights the importance of geographical factors in nutritional deficiencies and the need for region-specific dietary recommendations to address these issues .

It is crucial for young children to have a diet with sufficient protein because protein is necessary for the growth and repair of the body. Proteins build new cells and are thus vital for normal growth and development, especially in children who are in a continuous state of growth. Inadequate protein intake during these formative years can lead to growth deficiencies and other health issues .

A balanced diet varies significantly between professions due to different energy and nutritional requirements. Engineers, who generally have less physically demanding jobs, need fewer calories from carbohydrates and fats to avoid weight gain, compared to physically active individuals like laborers or athletes who require more energy to sustain high levels of activity. This distinction emphasizes the need for tailored dietary recommendations based on occupation and activity level to maintain optimal health .

Carbohydrates provide energy faster than fats because they are broken down quickly into glucose, which the body can immediately use for energy. Fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates but release it more slowly because they take longer to digest and metabolize .

A balanced diet provides the necessary nutrients in the correct proportions and varies based on an individual's age, sex, and the type of work they do. Children require more protein for growth, while individuals engaging in physical labor may need more carbohydrates for energy. The significance of a balanced diet lies in its ability to provide all essential nutrients required for maintaining good health, supporting life processes, and preventing deficiency diseases .

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