0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views18 pages

References

References

Uploaded by

Jay
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views18 pages

References

References

Uploaded by

Jay
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

References

[1] P. Aberg. A demographic study of two populations of the seaweed


Ascophyllum nodosum. Ecology, 73(4):1473–1487, 1992.
[2] Peter A. Abrams. The fitness costs of senescence: The evolution-
ary importance of events in early adult life. Evolutionary Ecology,
5:343–360, 1991.
[3] Peter A. Abrams. Does increased mortality favor the evolution
of more rapid scenescence? Evolution, 47(3):877–887, 1993.
[4] Peter A. Abrams. Mortality and lifespan. Nature, 431:1048–1049,
2004.
[5] Peter A. Abrams and D. Ludwig. Optimality theory, Gompertz’
law, and the disposable soma theory of senescence. Evolution,
49(6):1055–1066, 1995.
[6] E.R. Alvarez-Buylla and M. Martinez-Ramos. Demography and
allometry of Cecropia obtusifolia, a neotropical pioneer tree - an
evaluation of the climax pioneer paradigm for tropical rain forests.
Journal of Ecology, 80(2):275–290, 1992.
[7] G.V. Amdam and S.W Omholt. The regulatory anatomy of hon-
eybee lifespan. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 216(2):209–228,
2002.
[8] James J. Anderson. A vitality-based model relating stressors
and environmental properties to organism survival. Ecological
Monographs, 70(3):445470, 2000.
[9] Robert Arking, Stephen Buck, Angela Berrios, Susan Dwyer, and
George T. III Baker. Elevated paraquat resistance can be used
as a bioassay for longevity in a genetically based long-lived strain
of Drosophila. Developmental Genetics, 12:362–370, 1991.
150 References

[10] R.C. Babcook. Comparative demography of three species of scler-


actinian corals using age- and size-dependent classifications. Eco-
logical Monographs, 61(3):225–244, 1991.
[11] Annette Baudisch. Hamilton’s indicators of the force of selec-
tion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA,
102(23):8263–8268, 2005.
[12] Richard E. Bellman. Dynamic Programming. New Jersey :
Princeton University Press, 1965.
[13] G. E. P. Box. Robustness in scientific model building. In R. L.
Launer and G. N. (Eds.) Wilkinson, editors, Robustness in statis-
tics, pages 201–236. New York: Academic Press., 1979.
[14] A. M. Bronikowski, Altmann J. Alberts, S. C., C. Packer, K.D.
Carey, and M. Tatar. The aging baboon: Comparative demog-
raphy in a non-human primate. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, USA, 99:9591–9595, 2002.
[15] Anne M. Bronikowski and Daniel E.L. Promislow. Testing evolu-
tionary theories of aging in wild populations. TRENDS in Ecology
and Evolution, 20(6):271–273, 2005.
[16] Michael Bulmer. Theoretical Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford: Free-
man, 1995.
[17] R. Bürger. The mathematical theory of selection, recombination,
and mutation. John Wiley, Chichester, New York, 2000.
[18] James R. Carey and C.A. Gruenfelder. Population biology of
the elderly. In Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb E. Finch, editors,
Between Zeus and the Salmon, pages 127–160, Washington, D.C.,
1997. National Academy Press.
[19] James R. Carey and Debra S. Judge. Longevity records : Life
spans of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. Odense
University Press, 2000.
[20] James R. Carey, Pablo Liedo, Hans Georg Müller, Jane Ling
Wang, and James W. Vaupel. Dual modes of aging in mediter-
ranean fruit fly females. Science, 281:996–998, 1998.
[21] James R. Carey, Pablo Liedo, Dina Orozco, and James W. Vau-
pel. Slowing of mortality rates at older ages in large medfly co-
horts. Science, 258(5081):457–461, 1992.
[22] Hal Caswell. On the equivalence of maximizing reproductive value
and maximizing fitness. Ecology, 61(1):19–24, 1980.
[23] Hal Caswell. Matrix population models : Construction, analy-
sis, and interpretation. Sunderland, Sinauer, Massachusetts, 2nd
edition, 2001.
References 151

[24] Brian Charlesworth. Selection in populations with overlapping


generations. V. Natural selection and life histories. American
Naturalist, 107(954):303–311, 1973.
[25] Brian Charlesworth. Selection in populations with overlapping
generations. VI. Rates of gene frequency and population growth
rate. Theoretical Population Biology, 6:108–133, 1974.
[26] Brian Charlesworth. Optimization models, quantitative genetics,
and mutation. Evolution, 44(3):520–538, 1990.
[27] Brian Charlesworth. Evolution in age-structured populations.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2nd edition, 1994.
[28] Brian Charlesworth. Perspectives. Genetics, 156:927–931, 2000.
[29] Brian Charlesworth. Patterns of age-specific means and ge-
netic variance of mortality rates predicted by the mutation-
accumulation theory of ageing. Journal of theoretical Biology,
210:47–65, 2001.
[30] Brian Charlesworth and Kimberly A. Hughes. Age-specific in-
breeding depression and components of genetic variance in rela-
tion to the evolution of senescence. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, USA, 93:61406145,, 1996.
[31] Brian Charlesworth and Jesus Alberto Leon. The relation of
reproductive effort to age. American Naturalist, 110(973):449–
459, 1976.
[32] Brian Charlesworth and Linda Partridge. Ageing: Levelling of
the Grim Reaper. Current Biology, 7:R440–R442, 1997.
[33] Eric L. Charnov. Life History Invariants. Oxford Series in Ecol-
ogy and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 1993.
[34] Eric L. Charnov and James F. Gillooly. Size and temperature in
the evolution of fish life histories. Integrative and Comparative
Biology, 44:494–497, 2004.
[35] Eric L. Charnov, T.F. Turner, and K.O. Winemiller. Reproduc-
tive constraints and the evolution of life histories with indetermi-
nate growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA, 98(16):9460–9464, 2001.
[36] C. Y. Cyrus Chu and Ronald D. Lee. The co-evolution of in-
tergenerational transfers and longevity: An optimal life history
approach. Theoretical Population Biology, 69:193201, 2006.
[37] Mariusz Cichon. Evolution of longevity through optimal resource
allocation. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B 264:1383–
1388, 1997.
152 References

[38] Mariusz Cichon. Diversity of age-specific reproductive rates may


result from ageing and optimal resource allocation. Journal of
Evolutionary Biology, 14:180–185, 2001.
[39] Mariusz Cichon and Jan Kozlowski. Ageing and typical survivor-
ship curves result from optimal resource allocation. Evolutionary
Ecology Research, 2:857–870, 2000.
[40] David J. Clancy, David Gems, Lawrence G. Harshman, Sean Old-
ham, Hugo Stocker, Ernst Hafen, Sally J. Leevers, and Linda
Partridge. Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila
insulin receptor substrate protein. Science, 292:104 – 106, 2001.
[41] C.W. Clark and M. Mangel. Dynamic State Variable Models
in Ecology: Methods and Applications. Oxford University Press,
2000.
[42] Lamont C. Cole. The population consequences of life history
phenomena. Quarterly Review of Biology, 29(2):103–137, 1954.
[43] Alexander Comfort. The biology of senescence. Routledge and
Kegan Paul, 1956.
[44] R.E. Cook. Germination and size-dependent mortality in Viola
blanda. Oecologia, 47:115–117, 1980.
[45] D. R. Cox. Regression models and life tables. Royal Statistical
Society., 34:187–220, 1972.
[46] J. F. Crow and M. Kimura. An introduction to population genetics
theory. Harper and Row, New York, 1970.
[47] J.W. Curtsinger, H.H. Fukui, D.R. Townsend, and J.W. Vau-
pel. Demography of genotypes: failure of the limited life-span
paradigm in drosophila melanogaster. Science, 258:461–463, 1992.
[48] Charles Darwin. On the Origin of Species. A Facsimile of the
First Edition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1964.
[49] Gerdien De Jong. Is invariance across animal species just an
illusion? Science, 309:1193–1195, 2005.
[50] C. P. Doncaster and Robert M. Seymour. Fitness for ever longer
reproductive life. unpublished, 2005.
[51] J. W. Drake, B. Charlesworth, D. Charlesworth, and J. F. Crow.
Rates of spontaneous mutation. Genetics, 148:1667–1686, 1998.
[52] F. Drenos and T.B.L. Kirkwood. Modelling the disposable
soma theory of ageing. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development,
126:99–103, 2005.
[53] Thomas A. Ebert and John R. Southon. Red sea urchins
(Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) can live over 100 years: confir-
mation with A-bomb 14 carbon. Fishery Bulletin, 101(4):915–922,
2003.
References 153

[54] W. J. Ewens. Mathematical population genetics. Springer Verlag,


New York, Heidelberg, Berlin, 1979.
[55] A. Eyre-Walker and P. D. Keightley. High genomic deleterious
mutation rates in hominids. Nature, 397:344–347, 1999.
[56] Caleb E. Finch. Longevity, Senescence, and the Genome. Uni-
versity of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1990.
[57] C.E. Finch. Variations in senescence and longevity include the
possibility of negligible senescence. Journal of Gerontology: Bio-
logical Sciences, 53A(4):B235–B239, 1998.
[58] C.E. Finch and Steven N. Austad. History and prospects: Sym-
posium on organisms with slow aging. Experimental Gerontology,
36:593–597, 2001.
[59] R.A. Fisher. The fundamental theorem of natural selection. In
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, pages 25–30. Claren-
don Press, Oxford, 1930. (Reprinted and revised, 1958. New York:
Dover).
[60] Kevin Flurkey, John Papaconstantinou, Richard A. Miller, and
David E. Harrison. Life-span extension and delayed immune and
collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone
production. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA, 98:6736–6741, 2001.
[61] R. M. Fragen. An optimal life history in which reproductive effort
decreases with age. American Naturalist, 106:258–261, 1972.
[62] Madhav Gadgil and William H. Bossert. Life historical conse-
quences of natural selection. American Naturalist, 104(935):1–24,
1970.
[63] Michael P. Gardner, David Gems, and Mark E. Viney. Extraor-
dinary plasticity of ageing in a nematode. submitted, 2006.
[64] Shea N. Gardner and Marc Mangel. When can a clonal organism
escape senescence? American Naturalist, 150(4):462–490, 1997.
[65] L.A. Gavrilov and N.S. Gavrilova. The Biology of Life Span.
Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, Switzerland, 1991.
[66] L.U. Gerdes, B. Jeune, K. Andersen-Ranberg, H. Nybo, and J. W.
Vaupel. Estimation of Apolipoprotein E genotype-specific relative
mortality risk from the distribution of genotypes in centenarians
and middle-aged men: Apolipoprotein E gene is a “frailty gene,”
not a ”longevity gene”. Genetic Epidemiology, 19:202–210, 2000.
[67] Tamara R. Golden and Simon Melov. Microarray analysis of gene
expression with age in individual nematodes. Aging Cell, 3:111,
2004.
154 References

[68] T. Good and M. Tatar. Age-specific mortality and reproduction


respond to adult dietary restriction in Drosophila melanogaster.
Journal Insect Physiology, 47:1467–1473, 2001.
[69] Daniel Goodman. Optimal life histories, optimal notation,
and the value of reproductive value. American Nationalist,
119(6):803–823, 1982.
[70] R.W. Grigg. Population dynamics of two gorgonian corals. Ecol-
ogy, 58(2):278–290, 1977.
[71] N.M. Guedje, J. Lejoly, B. A. Nkongmeneck, and W.B.J. Jonkers.
Population dynamics of Garcinia lucida (clusiaceae) in cameroo-
nian atlantic forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 177(1-
3):231–241, 2003.
[72] J. B. S. Haldane. A mathematical theory of natural and artifi-
cial selection, IV. Proceedings of Cambridge Philosopical Society,
23:607–615, 1927.
[73] J. B. S. Haldane. The effect of variation in fitness. American
Naturalist, 71:337–349, 1937.
[74] J. B. S. Haldane. The cost of natural selection. Journal of Ge-
netics, 55:511–524, 1957.
[75] W. D. Hamilton. The moulding of senescence by natural selection.
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 12:12–45, 1966.
[76] W. D. Hamilton. Narrow Roads of Gene Land: The Collected Pa-
pers of W.D. Hamilton, volume 1: Evolution of Social Behaviour.
W.H. Freeman Spektrum, Oxford, New York, Heidelberg, 1996.
[77] J.L. Harper. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, New
York, New York, USA, 1977.
[78] A. K. Hegazy. Age-specific survival, mortality and reproduction,
and prospects for conservation of Limonium delicatulum. Journal
of Applied Ecology, 29(3):549–557, 1992.
[79] A.M. Herskind, Matt McGue, Niels V. Holm, T.I.A. Soerensen,
Bent Harvald, and James W. Vaupel. The heritability of human
longevity: A population-based study of 2872 Danish twin pairs
born 1870-1900. Human Genetics, 97:319–323, 1996.
[80] B. Heulin, K. Osenegg-Leconte, and D. Michel. Demography of a
bimodal reproductive species of lizard (Lacerta vivipara): Survival
and density characteristics of oviparous populations. Herpetolog-
ica, 53(4):432–444, 1997.
[81] Shiro Horiuchi. Interspecies differences in the life span distri-
bution: Humans versus invertebrates. In James R. Carey and
Shripad Tuljapurkar, editors, Life Span. Evolutionary, Ecological,
References 155

and Demographic Perspectives, pages 127–151, New York, 2003.


Population Council.
[82] K.A. Hughes. The evolutionary genetics of male life-history char-
acters in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution, 49:521–537, 1995.
[83] K.A. Hughes and Brian Charlesworth. A genetic analysis of senes-
cence in Drosophila. Nature, 367:64–66, 1994.
[84] Kimberly A. Hughes, Julie A. Alipaz, Jenny M. Drnevich, and
Rose M. Reynolds. A test of evolutionary theories of ag-
ing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA,
99:1428614291, 2002.
[85] R.N. Hughes and D.J. Roberts. Comparative demography of Lit-
torina rudis, L. nigrolineata and L. neritoides on three contrasted
shores in north wales. Journal of Animal Ecology, 50(1):251–268,
1981.
[86] T.P. Hughes and J.B.C. Jackson. Population dynamics and life
histories of foliaceous corals. Ecological Monographs, 55:141–166,
1985.
[87] D. S. Hwangbo, B. Gershman, M.P. Tu, M. Palmer, and M. Tatar.
Drosophila dFOXO controls lifespan and regulates insulin sig-
nalling in brain and fat body. Nature, 429:562–566, 2004.
[88] J.A. Jimenes and A.E. Lugo. Tree mortality in mangrove forests.
Biotropica, 17:177–185, 1985.
[89] T. E. Johnson and W. B. Wood. Genetic analysis of life-span in
Caenorhabditis elegans. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, USA, 79:6603–6607, 1982.
[90] Morton I. Kamien and Nancy L. Schwartz. Dynamic Optimiza-
tion: The Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control in Eco-
nomics and Management. North Holland, Amsterdam, New York,
London, Tokyo, second edition, 1991.
[91] Hillard S. Kaplan and Arthur J. Robson. The emergence of hu-
mans: The coevolution of intelligence and longevity with intergen-
erational transfers. Proceedings of National Academy of Science,
USA, 99(15):10221–10226, 2002.
[92] Peter D. Keightley and Brian Charlesworth. Genetic instability of
C. Elegans comes naturally. TRENDS in Genetics, 21(2):67–70,
2005.
[93] J.A. Kemperman and B.V. Barnes. Clone size in American as-
pens. Canadian Journal of Botany, 54:2603–2607, 1976.
[94] Nathan Keyfitz. Introduction to the Mathematics of Population.
Addison Wesley, Reading, 1968.
156 References

[95] M. Kimura and T. Maruyama. The mutational load with epistatic


gene interaction in fitness. Genetics, 54:1337–51, 1966.
[96] J. F. C. Kingman. Mathematics of genetic diversity. Society for
industrial and applied mathematics, 1980.
[97] T. B. L. Kirkwood. Physiological Ecology: An Evolutionary Ap-
proach to Resource Use, chapter Repair and its Evolution: Sur-
vival Versus Reproduction, pages 165–189. Blackwell Scientific,
Oxford, 1981.
[98] T.B.L. Kirkwood. Evolution of ageing. Nature, 270:301–304,
1977.
[99] Michael R. Klass and David Hirsch. Non-aging developmental
variant of Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature, 260:523–525, 1976.
[100] Iliana V. Kohler, Samuel H. Preston, and Laurie Binga-
man Lackey. Comparative mortality levels among selected species
of captive animals. Demographic Research, 15:413–434, 2006.
[101] S. A. L. M. Koojiman. Dynamic energy and mass budgets in
biological systems. Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition, 2000.
[102] Jan Kozlowski. Optimal allocation of resources explains interspe-
cific life-history patterns in animals with indeterminate growth.
Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B 263:559–566, 1996.
[103] Jan Kozlowski and Anatoly T. Teriokhin. Allocation of energy be-
tween growth and reproduction: The Pontryagin Maximum Prin-
ciple solution for the case of age- and season-dependent mortality.
Evolutionary Ecology Research, 1:413–441, 1999.
[104] Edo Kussell and Stanislas Leibler. Phenotypic diversity, popula-
tion growth, and information in fluctuating environments. Sci-
ence, 309:2075–2078, 2005.
[105] Russell Lande. A quantitative genetic theory of life history evo-
lution. Ecology, 63(3):607–615, 1982.
[106] Gary N. Landis, Diana Abdueva, Dmitriy Skvortsov, Junsheng
Yang, Beth E. Rabin, James Carrick, Simon Tavar, and John
Tower. Similar gene expression patterns characterize aging and
oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101:7663–7668, 2004.
[107] D. M. Lavigne. Similarity in energy budgets of animal popula-
tions. Journal of Animal Ecology, 51:195–206, 1982.
[108] Herve LeBras. Lois de mortalite a age limite. Population, 31:655–
692, 1976.
[109] Ron Lee. Rethinking the evolutionary theory of aging: Transfers,
not births, shape senescence in social species. Proceedings of the
References 157

National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,


100(16):9637–9642, 2003.
[110] Jeff Leips and Trudy F. C. Mackay. Quantitative trait loci for
life span in drosophila melanogaster: Interactions with genetic
background and larval density. Genetics, 155:1773–1788, 2000.
[111] Jesus Alberto Leon. Life histories as adaptive strategies. Journal
of Theoretical Biology, 60:301–335, 1976.
[112] Yi-Jyun Lin, Laurent Seroude, and Seymour Benzer. Extended
life-span and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant Methuse-
lah. Science, 282:943 – 946, 1998.
[113] G. J. Lithgow, T. M. White, S. Melov, and T. E. Johnson. Ther-
motolerance and extended life-span conferred by single-gene mu-
tations and induced by thermal stress. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, USA, 92:7540–7544, 1995.
[114] Daniel Lonard and Ngo Van Long. Optimal Control and Static
Optimization in Economics. Cambridge University Press, Cam-
bridge, 1992.
[115] Alfred J. Lotka. Elements of Mathematical Biology. Reprinted
1956 by Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1924.
[116] William Mair, Patrick Goymer, Scott.D Pletcher, and Linda
Partridge. Demography of dietary restriction and death in
Drosophila. Science, 301:1731–1733, 2003.
[117] Olvi L. Mangasarian. Sufficient conditions for the optimal control
of nonlinear systems. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimiza-
tion, 4:139–152, 1966.
[118] M. Mangel and C.W. Clark. Dynamic Modeling in Behavioral
Ecology. Princeton University Press, 1988.
[119] Marc Mangel. Oviposition site selection and clutch size in insects.
Journal of Mathematical Biology, 25:1–22, 1987.
[120] Marc Mangel and Michael B. Bonsall. The shape of things to
come: Using models with physiological structure to predict mor-
tality trajectories. Theoretical Population Biology, 65:353359,
2004.
[121] Marc Mangel and Stephan B. Munch. A life-history perspective
on short- and long-term consequences of compensatory growth.
American Naturalist, 166, 2005.
[122] Marc Mangel and Judy Stamps. Trade-offs between growth and
mortality and the maintenance of individual variation in growth.
Evolutionary Ecology Research, 3:583–593, 2001.
[123] Daniel E. Martinez. Mortality patterns suggest lack of senescence
in Hydra. Experimental Gerontology, 33(3):217–225, 1998.
158 References

[124] Steven A. McCarroll, Coleen T. Murphy, Sige Zou, Scott D.


Pletcher, Chen-Shan Chin, Yuh Nung Jan, Cynthia Kenyon, Cor-
nelia I. Bargmann, and Hao Li. Comparing genomic expression
patterns across species identifies shared transcriptional profile in
aging. Nature Genetics, 36:197 – 204, 2004.
[125] Matt McGue, James W. Vaupel, Niels Holm, and Bent Harvald.
Longevity is moderately heritable in a sample of Danish twins
born 1870-1880. Journal of Gerontology, Biological Sciences,
48(6):B237–B244, 1993.
[126] P. B. Medawar. Uniqueness of the Individual, chapter An Un-
solved Problem of Biology, pages 44–70. H.K. Lewis, 1952.
[127] P. A. P. Moran. Global stability of genetic systems governed
by mutation and selection. Mathematical Proceedings Cambridge
Philosophical Society, 80:331–336, 1976.
[128] P. A. P. Moran. Global stability of genetic systems governed by
mutation and selection II. Mathematical Proceedings Cambridge
Philosophical Society, 81:435–441, 1977.
[129] J.H. Moss, D.A. Beauchamp, A.D. Cross, K.W. Myers, E.V. Far-
ley, J.M. Murphy, and J.H. Helle. Evidence for size-selective mor-
tality after the first summer of ocean growth by pink salmon.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 134(5):1313–
1322, 2005.
[130] Hans-Georg Müller, Jane-Ling Wang, James R. Carey, Edward P.
Caswell-Chen, Carl Chen, Nikos Papadopoulos, and Fang Yao.
Demographic window to aging in the wild: Constructing life ta-
bles and estimating survival functions from marked individuals
of unknown age. Aging Cell, 3:125131, 2004.
[131] Stephan B. Munch and Marc Mangel. Evaluation of mortality
trajectories in evolutionary biodemography. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103(44):1660416607, 2006.
[132] S. D. Mylius and O. Diekmann. On evolutionarily stable life-
histories, optimization and the need to be specific about density-
dependence. Oikos, 74:218–224, 1995.
[133] M. W. Nachman and S. L. Crowell. Estimate of the mutation
rate per nucleotide in humans. Genetics, 156:297–304, 2000.
[134] M. Nakaoka. Size-dependent reproductive traits of Yoldia nota-
bilis (bivalvia, protobranchia). Marine Ecology Progress Series,
114(1-2):129–137, 1994.
[135] M. Nakaoka. Size-dependent survivorship of the bivalve Yoldia
notabilis (Yokoyama, 1920): The effect of crab predation. Journal
of Shellfish Research, 15(2):355–362, 1996.
References 159

[136] A. Nault and D. Gagnon. Ramet demography of Allium tricoc-


cum, a spring ephemeral, perennial forest herb. Journal of Ecol-
ogy, 81(1):101–119, 1993.
[137] Sean Nee, Nick Colegrave, Stuart A. West, and Alan Grafen. The
illusion of invariant quantities in life histories. Science, 309:1236–
1239, 2005.
[138] Randolph M. Nesse. Life table tests of evolutionary theories of
senescence. Experimental Gerontology, 23(6):445453, 1988.
[139] T. Noda. Shell growth of the sand snail Umbonium costatum
(Kiener) in hakodate bay. Bulletin of the faculty of Fisheries,
Hokkaido University, 42(4):115–125, 1991.
[140] T. Noda, S. Nakao, and S. Goshima. Life history of the tem-
perate subtidal gastropod Umbonium Costatum. Marine Biology,
122(1):73–78, 1995.
[141] H. T.J. Norton. Natural selection and Mendelian variation. Pro-
ceedings of the London Mathematic Society, 28:1–45, 1928.
[142] T. Ohta and M. Kimura. A model of mutation appropriate to
estimate the number of electrophoretically detectable alleles in a
finite population. Genetic Research, 22:201–204, 1973.
[143] S. H. Orzack and S. Tuljapurkar. Population dynamics in variable
environments. VII. The demography and evolution of iteroparity.
American Naturalist, 133:901–923, 1989.
[144] M. A. Ottinger, R. E. Ricklefs, and C. E. Finch, editors. 2nd Sym-
posium on Organisms with Slow Aging (SOSA-2), volume 38(7)
of Experimental Gerontology (Special Issue), 2003.
[145] Tony L. Parkes, Andrew J. Elia, Dale Dickinson, Arthur J. Hil-
liker, John P. Phillips, and Gabrielle L. Boulianne. Extension
of Drosophila lifespan by overexpression of human SOD1 in mo-
torneurons. Nature Genetics, 19:171 – 174, 1998.
[146] Linda Partridge. Evolutionary biology and age-related mortality.
In Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb E. Finch, editors, Between
Zeus and the Salmon, pages 78–95, Washington, D.C., 1997. Na-
tional Academy Press.
[147] Linda Partridge. Evolutionary theories of aging applied to long-
lived organisms. Experimental Gerontology, 36:641–650, 2001.
[148] Linda Partridge and Nicholas H. Barton. Optimality, mutation
and the evolution of ageing. Nature, 362:305–311, 1993.
[149] Linda Partridge and Nicholas H. Barton. On measuring the rate
of ageing. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B, 263:1365–
1371, 1996.
160 References

[150] Linda Partridge and David Gems. The evolution of longevity.


Current Biology, 12(16):R544–R546, 2002.
[151] Linda Partridge and Marc Mangel. Messages from mortality: the
evolution of death rates in the old. TREE, 14:438–442, 1999.
[152] N. Perrin. Optimal resource allocation and the marginal value of
organs. American Naturalist, 139(6):1344–1369, 1992.
[153] Nicolas Perrin and Richard M. Sibly. Dynamic models of en-
ergy allocation and investment. Annual Review of Ecology and
Systematics, 24:379–410, 1993.
[154] I. Peterson and J.S. Wroblewski. Mortality rate of fishes in the
pelagic ecosystem. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences, 41(7):1117–1120, 1984.
[155] S. D. Pletcher, D. Houle, and J. W. Curtsinger. Age-specific prop-
erties of spontaneous mutations affecting mortality in Drosophila
Melanogaster. Genetics, 148:287–303, 1998.
[156] Scott D. Pletcher, Stuart J. Macdonald, Richard Marguerie,
Ulrich Certa, Stephen C. Stearns, David B. Goldstein, and
Linda Partridge. Genome-wide transcript profiles in aging and
calorically restricted Drosophila melanogaster. Current Biology,
12:712–723, 2002.
[157] L.S. Pontryagin. The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes.
Wiley Interscience, New York, 1962.
[158] D. E. L. Promislow and M. Tatar. Mutation and senescence:
Where genetics and demography meet. Genetica, 102/103:299–
314, 1998.
[159] Daniel Promislow. Senescence in natural populations of mam-
mals: A comparative study. Evolution, 45(8):1869–1887, 1991.
[160] Daniel E. L. Promislow. Protein networks, pleiotrophy and the
evolution of senescence. Proceedings of the Royal Society London,
B, 271:1225–1234, 2004.
[161] Daniel E.L. Promislow, Marc Tatar, A. A. Khazaeli, and
J. W. Curtsinger. Age-specific patterns of genetic variance in
Drosophila melanogaster. I. Mortality. Genetics, 143:839–848,
1996.
[162] Mark Rees, Andy Sheppard, David Briese, and Marc Mangel.
Evolution of size-dependent flowering in Onopordum illyricum:
A quantitative assessment of the role of stochastic selection pres-
sures. The American Naturalist, 154, 1999.
[163] David N. Resznick, Michael J. Bryant, Derek Roff, Cameron K.
Ghalambor, and Dionna E. Ghalambor. Effect of extrinsic mor-
References 161

tality on the evolution of senescence in guppies. Nature, 431:1095–


1099, 2004.
[164] Robert E. Ricklefs. Evolutionary theories of aging: Confirmation
of a fundamental prediction, with implications for the genetic
basis and evolution of life span. American Naturalist, 152:24–44,
1998.
[165] Robert E. Ricklefs and Alex Scheuerlein. Biological implications
of the Weibull and Gompertz models of aging. Journal of Geron-
tology, 57A(2):B69–B76, 2002.
[166] Bonnie J. Ripley and Hal Caswell. Recruitment variability and
stochastic population growth of the soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria.
Ecological Modelling, 2005.
[167] Deborah A. Roach and Jutta Gampe. Age-specific demography
in Plantago: Uncovering age-dependent mortality in a natural
population. American Naturalist, 164(1):60–69, 2004.
[168] Arthur J. Robson and Hillard S. Kaplan. Why we grow large and
then grow old: Economics, biology and mortality. unpublished,
2005.
[169] Derek A. Roff. Life History Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Sun-
derland, Massachusetts, 2002.
[170] B. Rogina, R. A. Reenan, S.P. Nilsen, and S.L. Helfand. Extended
life-span conferred by cotransporter gene mutations in drosophila.
Science, 290:2137–2140, 2000.
[171] Karen Rose, Mark Rees, and Peter Grubb. Evolution in the real
world: Stochastic variation in the determinants of fitness in Car-
lina Vulgaris. Evolution, 56:14161430, 2002.
[172] R. Michael Rose. Evolutionary Biology of Aging. Oxford Univer-
sity Press, New York, 1991.
[173] J. Sarukhn, M. Martinez-Ramos, and D. Pinero. Perspectives
on plant population ecology, chapter The analysis of demographic
variability at the individual level and its population consequences,
pages 83–106. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts,
USA, 1984.
[174] J.R. Sauer and N.A. Slade. Uinta ground squirrel demography:
Is body mass a better categorical variable than age? Ecology,
68:642–650, 1987.
[175] William M. Schaffer. Selection for optimal life histories: The
effects of age structure. Ecology, 55(2):291–303, 1974.
[176] William M. Schaffer. The application of optimal control theory to
the general life history problem. American Naturalist, 121(3):418–
431, 1983.
162 References

[177] Stewart T. Schultz and Michael Lynch. Mutation and extinc-


tion: The role of variable mutational effects, synergistic epista-
sis, beneficial mutations, and degree of outcrossing. Evolution,
51(5):1363–1371, 1997.
[178] Carla M. Sgr and Linda Partridge. Evolutionary responses of the
life history of wild-caught drosophila melanogaster to two stan-
dard methods of laboratory culture. The American Naturalist,
156:341353, 2000.
[179] F.R. Sharpe and Alfred J. Lotka. A problem in age-distribution.
Philosophical Magazine, Series 6, 21:435–438, 1911.
[180] David R. Shook, A. Brooks, and Thomas E. Johnson. Mapping
quantitative trait loci affecting life history traits in the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics, 142:801–817, 1996.
[181] Marian Smith, Hal Caswell, and Paige Mettler-Cherry. Stochastic
flood and precipitation regimes and the population dynamics of a
threatened floodplain plant. Ecological Applications, 15(3):1036–
1052, 2005.
[182] O.T. Solbirg. Studies on the population biology of the genus
Viola. II. The effect of plant size on fitness in Viola sororia. Evo-
lution, 35:1080–1093, 1981.
[183] Peter D. Sozou and Robert M. Seymour. To age or not to age.
Proceedings of the Royal Society London, B, 271:457463, 2004.
[184] C.C. Spencer and D. E. L. Promislow. Age-specific changes in
epistatic effects on mortality rate in Drosophila melanogaster.
Journal of Heredity, 96(5):513–521, 2005.
[185] Christine C. Spencer, Christine E. Howell, Amber R. Wright, and
Daniel E. L. Promislow. Testing an ’aging gene’ in long-lived
Drosophila strains: Increased longevity depends on sex and ge-
netic background. Aging Cell, 2:123–130, 2003.
[186] Stephen C. Stearns. The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 1992.
[187] D. Steinsaltz, S. N. Evans, and K. W. Wachter. A generalized
model of mutationselection balance with applications to aging.
Advances in Applied Mathematics, 35:16–33, 2005.
[188] Bernhard L. Strehler. Time, cells and aging. New York [et al.] :
Academic Press, 1977.
[189] Marc Tatar, James R. Carey, and James W. Vaupel. Long term
cost of reproduction with and without accelerated senescence
in Callosobruchus maculatus: Analysis of age-specific mortality.
Evolution, 47:1302–1312, 1993.
References 163

[190] Marc Tatar, A. Kopelman, D. Epstein, M.-P. Tu, C.-M Yin, and
R. S. Garofalo. A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog
that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function. Sci-
ence, 292:107 – 110, 2001.
[191] Marc Tatar, Daniel E.L. Promislow, A. A. Khazaeli, and
J. W. Curtsinger. Age-specific patterns of genetic variance in
Drosophila melanogaster. II. Fecundity and its genetic covariance
with age-specific mortality. Genetics, 143:849–858, 1996.
[192] Howard M. Taylor, Robert S. Gourley, Charles E. Lawrence, and
Robert S. Kaplan. Natural selection of life history attributes: An
analytical approach. Theoretical Population Biology, 5:104–122,
1974.
[193] A.T. Teriokhin. Evolutionarily optimal age schedule of repair:
Computer modelling of energy partition between current and fu-
ture survival and reproduction. Evolutionary Ecology, 12:291–
307, 1998.
[194] D.W. Tinkle and R.E. Ballinger. Sceloporus Undulatus: Study of
the intraspecific comparative demography of a lizard. Ecology,
53(4):570–584, 1972.
[195] D.W. Tinkle, A.E. Dunham, and J.D. Congdon. Life history and
demographic variation in the lizard Sceloporus graciosus: A long-
term study. Ecology, 74(8):2413–2429, 1993.
[196] Justin M. J. Travis. The evolution of programmed death in a spa-
tially structured population. Journal of Gerontology, 59A(4):301–
305, 2004.
[197] Meng-Ping Tu, Diane Epstein, and Marc Tatar. The demogra-
phy of slow aging in male and female Drosophila mutant for the
insulin-receptor substrate homolog chico. Aging Cell, 1:75–80,
2002.
[198] Shripad Tuljapurkar. The evolution of senescence. In Kenneth W.
Wachter and Caleb E. Finch, editors, Between Zeus and the
Salmon, pages 65–77, Washington, D.C., 1997. National Academy
Press.
[199] Shripad D. Tuljapurkar. Population Dynamics in Variable En-
vironments, Lecture Notes in Biomathematics. Springer Verlag,
New York, 1990.
[200] J. W. Vaupel, A. Baudisch, M. Dölling, D. A. Roach, and
J. Gampe. The case for negative senescence. Journal of The-
oretical Population Biology, 65:339–351, 2004.
[201] J. W. Vaupel, J. R. Carey, K. Christensen, T. E. Johnson, A. I.
Yashin, N. V. Holm, I. A. Iachine, V. Kannisto, A. A. Khaza-
164 References

eli, P. Liedo, V. D. Longo, Y. Zeng, K. G. Manton, and J. W.


Curtsinger. Biodemographic trajectories of longevity. Science,
280:855–860, 1998.
[202] James W. Vaupel. Trajectories of mortality at advanced ages. In
Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb E. Finch, editors, Between Zeus
and the Salmon, pages 17–37, Washington, D.C., 1997. National
Academy Press.
[203] James W. Vaupel. Post-Darwinian longevity. In James R. Carey
and Shripad Tuljapurkar, editors, Life Span. Evolutionary, Eco-
logical, and Demographic Perspectives, pages 258–269, New York,
2003. Population Council.
[204] James W. Vaupel and James R. Carey. Compositional interpre-
tations of medfly mortality. Science, 260:1666–1667, 1993.
[205] James W. Vaupel, James R. Carey, and Kaare Christensen. Its
never too late. Science, 301:1679–1680, 2003.
[206] James W. Vaupel, Kenneth G. Manton, and Eric Stallard. The
impact of heterogeneity in individual frailty on the dynamics of
mortality. Demography, 16:439–454, 1979.
[207] James W. Vaupel and Anatoli I. Yashin. Heterogeneity’s ruses:
Some surprising effects of selection on population dynamics. The
American Statistician, 39(3):176–185, 1985.
[208] Kenneth W. Wachter. Evolutionary demographic models for mor-
tality plateaus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA, 96:10544–10547, 1999.
[209] Joshua Weitz and Hunter B. Fraser. Explaining mortality rate
plateaus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA,
98(26):15383–15386, 2001.
[210] Geoffrey B. West, James H. Brown, and B. Enquist. A general
model for ontogenetic growth. Nature, 413:628–631, 2001.
[211] Michael C. Whitlock and Denis Bourguet. Factors affecting the
genetic load in Drosophila: Synergistic epistasis and correlations
among fitness components. Evolution, 54(5):1654–1660, 2000.
[212] George C. Williams. Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolu-
tion of senescence. Evolution, 11(4):398–411, 1957.
[213] George C. Williams. Natural selection, the costs of reproduc-
tion, and a refinement of Lack’s principle. American Naturalist,
100(916):687–690, 1966.
[214] Paul D. Williams and Troy Day. Antagonistic pleiotropy, mortal-
ity source interactions, and the evolutionary theory of senescence.
Evolution, 57(7):1478–1488, 2003.
References 165

[215] D.L. Wilson. The analysis of survival (mortality) data: Fitting


Gompertz, Weibull, and logistic functions. Mechanisms of Ageing
and Development, 74:15–33, 1994.
[216] Lev Yu. Yampolsky, Louise E. Pearse, and Daniel E.L. Promis-
low. Age-specific effects of novel mutations in Drosophila
melanogaster. I. Mortality. Genetica, 110:1129, 2001.
[217] Anatoli I. Yashin, Giovanna De Benedictis, James W. Vaupel,
Kirill F. Andreev, Qihua Tan, Ivan A. Iachine, Massimiliano
Bonaf, Maria De Luca, S. Valensin, L. Carotenuto, and Claudio
Franceschi. Genes, demography, and life span: the contribution
of demographic data in genetic studies on aging and longevity.
American Journal of Human Genetics, 65(4):1178–1193, 1999.
[218] Anatoli I. Yashin, G. De Benedicts, James W. Vaupel, Qihua
Tan, K. F. Andreev, Ivan A. Iachine, M. Bonafe, S. Valensin,
M. De Luca, L. Carotenuto, and C. Franceschi. Genes and
longevity: lessons from studies of centenarians. Journal of Geron-
tology: Biological Sciences, 55:B319–B328, 2000.
[219] Yodzis. Concerning the sense in which maximizing fitness
is equivalent to maximizing reproductive value. Ecology,
62(6):1681–1682, 1981.
[220] Kengo Yoshidaa, Toshitaka Fujisawab, Jung Shan Hwanga,
Kazuho Ikeoa, and Takashi Gojoboria. Degeneration after sex-
ual differentiation in hydra and its relevance to the evolution of
aging. Gene, 385:64–70, 2006.

You might also like