DISHA INDIA COMMUNITY SCHOOL PADHA

DATE: to No. of periods:

SUBJECT: Mathematics CHAPTER 12: Ratio and proportions

CLASS: VI

NAME OF THE TEACHER:

NAME OF THE OBSERVER:

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Students will get to understand ratios

Students will get to understand the applications of ratios in real-life

Students will get to know about the comparison of different ratios

Students will get to understand the visual representation of ratios

RESOURCES USED:

Mathematics textbook (MTB), Math notebook – 1, marker, whiteboard

NOTES FOR THE TEACHER:

Ss will read the “introduction”

T- How many flowers did Avnee collect?

T- How many Flowers did Shari collect?

T- Why did Shari collect flowers?

T- What is the height of Rahim?

T- What is the height of Avnee?

T- What is the height of the Grasshopper?

T- What is the height of an ant?

T- What is the cost of a car as compared to the cost of a bike?

There are two ways of comparison:

(i) By taking difference
(ii) By division.
The (ii) way is better than (i) way.

The comparison by division is called the ratio. In this way, we see how many times one quantity is
to the other quantity.
For example: If Apala got 75 marks and Meenu got 25 marks in an examination, then we can say
that the marks obtained by Apala are three times the marks obtained by Meenu.

Ss will read “Ratio”

T- What is the weight of Isha?

T- What is the weight of her father?

T- What is the cost of a pen?

T- What is the cost of a pencil?

T- How many boys are there in the class?

T- What is the length of a lizard?

T- What is the length of a crocodile?

T- How can we compare the two quantities?

Ratio
If we compare die two quantities in terms of ‘how many times’, then this comparison is known as
the ratio.
Ratio is denoted by using the symbol ‘:’

For example, Apala’s weight is 20 kg and her father’s weight is 60 kg. We say that Apala’s father’s
weight and Apala’s weight are in the ratio = 6020 = 31 = 3 : 1.
Ss will read from “now consider … correct ratio”

T- What is the length of the pencil?

T- What is the diameter of the pencil?

T- How many mm are there in a cm?

T- Who looks more natural?

T- Which part looks too long in comparison to the other body parts?

T- Which pencil is bigger?

For comparison by ratio, the two quantities must be in the same units. If they are not, they must be
expressed in the same units before the ratio is taken.

The same ratio may occur in different situations.

For example,
(i) Length of a room is 15 cm and breadth is 10 m. So, the ratio of length of the room to the
breadth of the room = 1510 = 32 = 3 : 2

Ss will read “Same ratio in different situations”

T- What is the length of the room?

T- What is the breadth of the room?

T- How many girls are going on a picnic?

T- How many boys are going on a picnic?

T- What is an equivalent ratio?

T- How many marbles does Sheena have?

T- Who has 3 marbles?

T- Who invested money to start a business?

(ii) There are 30 girls and 20 boys in a class. Then, ratio of the number of girls to the number of
boys = 3020 = 32 = 3 : 2.
A ratio may be treated as a fraction. Thus, the ratio 2 : 3 may be treated as 23.

CW:-Try these on page 248

A ratio equivalent to a given ratio can be obtained by multiplying or dividing the numerator and
denominator by the same number. Thus, few ratios equivalent to 2 : 3 are 4 : 6, 6 : 9, 8 : 12, etc.

Similarly, few ratios equivalent to 64 : 32 are 32 : 16, 16 : 8, 8 : 4, 4 : 2, 2 : 1, etc. If the fractions

corresponding to equivalent ratios are equivalent, then the two ratios are equivalent.

The orders in which the quantities are taken to express their ratio is important. Note that the ratio 2
: 3 is different from 3 : 2.
A ratio can be expressed in its lowest form. For example, ratio 60 : 24 is 6024 in the form of a
fraction. In its lowest form 6024 = 52 = 5 : 2. thus, in its lowest form ratio 60 : 24 is treated as 5 : 2.

HW:-Exercise-12.1

Ss will read “Proportion”

T- Who went to the market?

T- Why did Raju go to the market?

T- What is the cost of 5kg tomatoes?

T- What is the price of 6kg tomatoes?

T- Who has 28 marbles?

T- Who has 180 flowers?

T- How many marbles did Bhavika give to Vini?

T- How many flowers did Vini give to Bhavika?

T- Who was not satisfied?

T- Who explained them?

T- Who went to buy hairclips?

T- How many hair clips did they buy?

T- How much does a single hairclip cost?

T- How much money did Ashma and Pankhuri give?

T- Who asked Pankhuri to give hair clips?

Proportion
If two ratios are equal we say that they are in proportion and use the symbol to equate the two
ratios.
For example, 2 : 4 = 60 : 120
we write 2 : 4 :: 60 : 120
and say that 2, 4, 60 and 120 are in proportion.
Again,
2 : 5 ≠ 60 : 15
We say that 2, 5, 60 and 15 are not in proportion.
So, if two ratios are not equal, then we say that they are not in proportion.

Four quantities are said to be in proportion if the ratio of the first and the second quantities is equal
to the ratio of the third and the fourth quantities. Thus, four quantities 3, 10, 15, 50 are in
proportion, since 310 = 1530 .
We write 3 : 10 :: 15 : 50 and read as 3 is to 10 as 15 is to 50.
Here, the first and the fourth terms, i.e., 3 and 50 are called the extreme terms while the second
and the third terms, i.e., 10 and 15 are called the middle terms.

Ss will read “Sharing a ratio means something”

T- Who purchased three pens?

T- How many pens did Anu purchase?

T- Who does sell 2kg of Apples for 180 Rs?

T- How much money does Roshan take for 4kg of apples?

The order of terms in a proportion is important, 3, 10, 15, 50 are in proportion but 3, 10, 50, 15 are not,
since 310 ≠ 5015.

HW:-Exercise-12.2

Ss will read “Unitary method”

T- Who went to market?

T- How many notebooks did Reshma purchase?

T- For how much money did Reshma purchase 2 books?

T- How much petrol does a scooter require to cover 80 km?

The method in which, first we find the value of one unit and then the value of the required number
of units is called the Unitary Method.

For example, if the mice of 6 toys is ₹ 90 and we are to find out the price of 4 toys, then first we
find the price of 1 toy as ₹ 906 or ₹ 15. From this, we find the price of 4 toys as ₹ 15 × 4 or ₹ 60.

HW:-Exercise-12.3