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CREATION IN EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY

In the beginning when there is no

landmass or sky or light and before Egypt
is formed there is enormous darkness.
This is the beginning of everything. Also,
there is a water supply in this darkness
and Egyptians call it “Nun”. This dark
water has everything inside of it. It was
super powerful and has the ability to do
anything. The first god of Egypt is Atum
has risen from there. After a while, he
starts to feel lonely and because he
needed help to fight his archenemy giant
snake (Apophis), he decides to create
Shu and Tefnut. Shu is male and
represents air, on the other hand, Tefnut
is a female and represents moisture. He
makes them by spitting (According to
some resources, he might make it by
masturbating). Then he gives them a
spirit called “Ka”. However, Shu and Tefnut get lost while they are traveling in Nun’s dark waters.
Atum finds them incidentally. He starts crying because of his happiness. Thanks to that, the first
humans are formed by his tears. Later, Shu and Tefnut create or give birth to Geb and Nut. Geb and
Nut fall in love and Shu learns that gets mad and he causes them to break up. Geb who is a god
represents earth and Nut who is a goddess represents the sky, stars and sun. Before they break up,
they get together and have kids. Egyptians call them “Ennead”. They are Osiris, Isis, Seth, Neftis and
Horus. By their creation, nine gods which create and shape the universe are completed. First, Horus
was born with the name of Haroeris (Great Horus) as the kid of Geb and Nut. Later, in a war between
Seth and Osiris, Seth kills Osiris and breaks his body parts and becomes the king of Egypt by sitting on
the throne. Isis saves most of the pieces and assembles them. Anubis embalms these assembled
pieces and Osiris becomes the god of the underworld. Haroeris fights with Seth after he became king
and in this war, Haroeris loses his eyes and Seth loses his testicles. (The Eyes of Horus which are
assembled by science and healing god Toth are important symbols even nowadays.) However, Seth
kills Horus. According to hieroglyphs in the pyramids, Horus becomes Osiris or inside of him. Then,
Horus was born again as the kid of Isis and
Osiris. To take revenge on Seth for his father,
he claims Egypt's throne and fights with
Seth. He wins and takes this throne back.
Seth exiles to the deserts and becomes the
god of storms. Egyptians start to call Horus
the name of “Great God” or “Lord Of The
Sky”. From the early times of Egypt, Horus is
accepted as a crucial god. So pharaohs are
believed as the incarnation of Horus. That’s
why in Egypt, pharaohs refer to as god-king
and people worship them.

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 CREATION IN NORSE MYTHOLOGY

In Norse Mythology, before everything, a formless

world formed by fire and fog exists. In the North,
there is a dark realm called “Niflheim”. In some
resources, writers say about this place as “Colder than
cold.” Niflheim is a place that is covered by ice and
cold fog. On the other hand, there is another realm
called “Muspellheim” formed by fire. Everything in
this realm is burnt and frightened. Muspellheim is
light when we compare it to the Niflheim. There are
lavas of Muspellheim instead of Nilfheim’s ice. At the
end of this realm, there is a crucial and super
powerful entity “Surtr”. It will leave his place only at
Ragnarok (doomsday according to the Norse
Mythology), will set the world on fire and kill all gods
and goddesses.

Between Muspellheim and Niflheim, there is a zone of nothingness, a space called “Ginnungagap”.
Nilfheim’s iced river and Muspellheim’s lavas flow to this nothingness, they get together there and
temperate. In the end, ice melts and turns into water. In these waters, a human form bigger than
every realm appears. This is a giant called Ymir who has no gender but carries both of them. At the
same time, it is the ancestor of all giants. Another being is formed by melting waters. This being is an
enormous cow called Audhumla. Ymir grows up by drinking its milk. Then, Audhumla subtracts a
human called Buri from ice molds by licking them. He is the ancestor of gods. At the same time, Ymir
gives birth to other giants from his legs and arms while he is sleeping. Buri chooses one of them as a
partner and they have a son called Bor. Bor marries another giant girl called Bestla and they have
three sons called Odin, Vili, and Ve. Three siblings grow up and they figure out that Niflheim and
Muspellheim are realms which not able to live. They mention creation time and life. Realms are going
to be created and Ginningagap is the most suitable place for this. Odin, Vili and Ve kill Ymir to create
new realms. As this is the condition to success their purpose. In the blood of Ymir, all giants except
Bergelmir and his partner (Other giants come from their lineage)
drown die. Later than that, Odin and his brothers create earth
from his flesh and mountains from his bones. From his blood and
sweat, rivers and seas occur. In essence, they use Ymir’s dead
body to create their dream world. In the end, they use Ymir’s
eyelashes as a wall around the world to protect themselves from
the other giants. This place is empty. Odin and his siblings travel
to this place however they do not find anything. After all, they
find two logs at the seaside. One of them is sturdy ash which is
resilient and flamboyant with deep roots. The second one is an
elegant but sturdy elm. Odin breathes life into them. Vili gives
will, reason and ideas and finally, Ve carves logs and gives
human form to them. Ask who is male and Embla who is female
are the first humans. They stay in Midgard, live and multiply
here. This is the reason why everybody says Odin is “Everyone’s
Father”. He creates the first humans by breathing their life.

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 COMPARISON OF CREATION OF MYTHOLOGIES

When we examine both of

them, we can totally see that
their “before the beginning”
parts are similar. They mention
nothingness but their main
substance might change.
Forming of the first humans has
huge differences between these
two myths. In Egyptian, the
main substance of humans
occurs as water. This situation
involves logs in Norse
mythology. Additionally, when we take a look at their stories of them, their main points' differences
can't be ignored. Egyptian mythology is more sexual and its gods and goddesses afford for their
pleasure. However, in Norse mythology, things might change. Most characters in myths and stories
fight and want to be more powerful. They look
for their power over the others. Of course,
there is a reason (even reasons) for these
differences. Geography is one of the most
important reasons. For example, have you
ever thought about why the creation of the
first humans is different? Actually, the reason
for this is very simple. For Egyptians, The Nile
is so much crucial. As they get money from
this river and it gives life to people, they see
its water as a sacred thing. Because as I
mentioned, The Nile provides them make
agriculture and set living areas near it. Thanks
to that, they obviously may think humans
come from water. In Norse Mythology same
situation is effective. In the Norse area, there
are so many forests are so much important.
That’s why they may think logs as a sacred
thing, too. So basically, people’s lifestyle,
geography, culture, and traditions are
effective to make these similarities and
differences.

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 DOOMSDAY IN EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY

Egyptians have countless creation stories. However,

they are not interested in an apocalypse. That’s why
there are not so many sources or hieroglyphs. In these
limited resources, the Book of the Dead spell is the best
source for this subject. In the spell, Atum (the first
Egyptian creator god) says that he lived for million years
to the person who died in the form of Osiris. They have
conservation between them and it explains to us how is
the doomsday in ancient Egypt beliefs.

Osiris (Dead person’s form): Oh Atum, How long is my

lifetime?

Atum: I gave you a life of millions of years. Thanks to

me, people had great Opportunities. Also, I should
destroy all I have created and the world must return to
its first state, nothingness water, Nun. I survive only
with Osiris. I am just going to take a form that nobody knows even gods.

However, in the end, Atum destroys everything that he created and the world is just left to Osiris
and Atum. Everything just returns to nothingness water, Nun.

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 DOOMSDAY IN NORSE MYTHOLOGY
In Norse Mythology, doomsday calls
Ragnarok. This definitely has a special
meaning. In ancient Norse, Ragnarok
means “Fate of Gods” or “Twilight of
Gods”. Before the apocalypse, a winter
that continues for a long time comes true.
People get hungry, angry and become
villains. Friends, siblings, and relatives kill
each other. Then earthquakes happen and
huge demolitions occur. Because of these
earthquakes, Fenrir (the wolf that brings
apocalypse) becomes free from its chains.
An enormous Midgar snake called
Jormungand comes close to the earth and
it spreads his poison to the sea and air. All beings die because of that. From a hole in the sky, the fire
giant Surtr and his army from Muspellheim come to start a war on Bifrost (a bridge that provides
gods traveling). As far as they go ahead, the
bridge breaks down. Loki (god of evil) gets
rid of the chains that tie him and rides a
ship called Naglfar. His army consists of the
dead in his daughter Hel’s (the queen of
deads country) land. While all of this is
happening, Heimdallr (the guard of Bifrost)
breaths to his horn Gjallarhorn and all gods
wake up to go to the war area called Vigrid.
Gods die while fighting with ice giants. Odin
attacks Fenrir with his spear Gungnir but

Fenrir kills him. However, his son Vidar takes revenge on

his father and kills the wolf. Thor attacks Midgard snake
Jormungand and success to kill him. However, because of
the poison of the snake, he passes away, too. Try (god of
justice) attacks hell dog Garm and they kill each other.
The last survivors become Loki and Heimdall. They die
while they are fighting with each other. Skoll eats the
sun, on the other hand, Hati eats the moon, too. In the
end, Surtr rises the world and burns it. After the
Ragnarok, humanity continues thanks to two humans Lif
and Lifbrasir who hide in Yggdrasill

Click here to watch a video about Ragnarok.

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 COMPARISON OF DOOMSDAY OF MYTHOLOGIES

Firstly, I have to mention that

Egyptians don’t have a detailed
apocalypse scenario as much as in
Norse Mythology. However, still we can
make comments on what we have.
Geography is the most effective in
Egyptian Mythology in doomsday.
When we examine the myth about this,
we can get that water is crucially sacred
for Egyptians. As they see water as the
main substance for their creation, it plays an important role in the apocalypse, thanks to the Nile.
Also, their myth does not contain any war, violence, or chaos. This supports the idea of Egyptians are
more comfortable and sensual than Nordics. As Nordics have so much violence and chaos in myths
about doomsday. As I mentioned, they are warriors and we can get that from the scenario of the
apocalypse. Always gods and
creatures kill each other. As in the
Egyptian Mythology, a god doesn’t
end the world. The world ends itself
with evils on earth. In my opinion,
this is the most important point to
separate them. Additionally, Nordics
have a regeneration part after the
Ragnarok. However, we don't come
across this in Egyptian Mythology.
Again I am able to say that, thanks to
geography, culture, lifestyle, etc,
these differences occur.

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 FIVE IMPORTANT GODS IN EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY

>Osiris
Osiris is one of the most important gods in Egyptian
mythology as he is the first God of Geb and Nut. He is
the god of fertility and the underworld. He associates
with the mythical Bennu bird, which is reborn from the
ashes. People worship him for their agricultural
products at Abydos. However, the crucial part of Osiris
in Egyptian Mythology is the part of how he becomes
the god of the underworld. According to the myth of
Osiris, his brother Seth is jealous of him and always
carries hate. One day, Seth’s wife Nephthys disguises
and acts like Osiris’s wife Iris. She gives birth to the god
Anubis. Seth gets crazier and he plans a scenario of
killing his brother. He throws a party and organizes a
competition. In that competition, there is a coffin and
who fits in this wins. When it is the Osiris's turn, he
enters it and Seth locks down the coffin. He throws it to
the Nile. His sister-wife turns Osiris to life by collecting
his husband’s body pieces. As he turns back to life from
the underworld, myths say he is the god of the dead.
Although some myths say that he is a merciful God and gives people fertility, some resources say that
people who died firstly get face-to-face with Osiris and taste his villain side.

>Seth

Seth is the God of Evil in Egyptian Mythology and one of the first gods, who is
the son of Geb and Nut. He is known for the myth of how he killed his brother
Osiris. Unlike his brother, he associates evil. He fights with Osiris and his son
Horus and he gets a poor defeat against Horus. With this, Horus takes revenge
on his father. After that defeat, the gods start to think about what should they
do to Seth and they decide to exile him to the desert. Thanks to that, Seth is
also known as the god of the storm. Also, he has an animal head with long ears
that looks like a donkey. In Egyptian Mythology, most of the Gods are
associated with an animal head and human body and Seth is one of them.

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>Horus
Horus is the god of the sky in Egyptian
mythology. He has a Hawk's head and
special eyes that shows us he is
important to the sky, a sun eye and a
moon eye. There are many myths about
Horus. One of them is being the son of
Osiris and Isis. According to that, when
his father Osiris is murdered by his evil
uncle Seth, Isis is pregnant. She protects
his son and grows him up. Horus wants
to take revenge on his father and
heritage (Egyptian Dynasty). He fights with Seth and wins. However, his moon eye gets damaged.
That’s why falcon moon phases occur. Another myth says that he is one of the first five gods and has
a strong connection with the rising shine god Ra. In essence, Horus is a God that provides sky
existence.

>Anubis

Anubis is the god of evil and death in Egyptian mythology. He has the power that returns the dead to
life. Myths tell that he is the son of Seth and Nephthys, however, Nephtys actually gets pregnant
from Osiris. He is represented by a jackal or has a jackal head and a human body as jackals walk
around the graves. Additionally, after Seth kills Osiris, he mummified the dead body. That’s why he is
the god of mummification.

>Atum
Atum is the creator god in Egyptian Mythology. Mostly he associates with the
setting sun and in some resources, he unites with the Ra, who is the god of rising
shine. That’s why we are able to see Atum-Ra in some myths. Atum’s Word origin
comes from complement and endpoint meanings. This again shows us he is the
creator god and the realm’s loob end because of him. As I write in the creation
story of Egyptian Mythology, Atum creates the other Gods and Ennead and
provides to turn back to the nothingness water. When we examine this story, we
can say that Atum does this because of his pleasure. Atum has a great role in
Egyptian mythology because if he does not exist, the existence of other gods is not
possible.

Click here to watch a viedo about Egytian Gods.

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 FIVE IMPORTANT GODS IN NORSE MYTHOLOGY

There are two major clans of gods in Norse Mythology.

One of them is “Aesir” and the other one is “Vanir”.
They represent different things. Vanir stands for
richness, abundance and fertility. On the other, Aesir
symbolizes all values. These two clans conflict but they
work together for their good. The most important
representative gods of Aesir are Odin, Thor and Tyr.
They are known as the main Gods. In Vanir, there are
abundant gods and some important creations in Norse
Mythology. Some of them are Njord, Freyr and Freya.

>ODIN
Odin is the god of war and wisdom. His name means
provocation, anger, and poetry. He has a thrown called
Hlidskjalf. Thanks to that he is able to watch and learn
everything in nine realms. Also, the sky and earth are under
his control, he can turn into an eagle. He symbolizes with sun
and Kelt Cross. He has an eye that shines like a sun. He
sacrifices his other eye to drink wisdom water. The souls of
warriors, who died in wars, take by valkyries and welcome by
Odin to Valhalla. Thanks to that, he gets endless knowledge.
He has a lot of abilities and special properties such as the
ability to gallop over the sea, tooths that are wroten by runes,
and a magical horse called Sleipnir. Also, people call him
Wodan, Woden or Wotan instead of Odin. Also, from some
historians' point of view, Wednesday can take his name from Woden’s day. So Odin takes a crucial
role to shape Norse mythology.

>THOR
Thor is the god of thunder, sky and agriculture. He is one of the
most powerful gods in Norse mythology. His power comes from his
dad Odin. Thor is the guardian of God's realm Asgard and the
humans' realm Midgard. When we look at myths that tell about
him, there is always a fight between Thor and giants or the
enormous snake Midgard Snake. Actually, he takes a big part of his
sacred items Mjölnir and Megingjord. Mjölnir is a hammer that
gives abilities to control storms, rains, disguise and take down the
enemies. On the other hand, Megingjord is a belt that makes Thor
double stronger than when he doesn’t wear the belt. That’s why
these two items have a great role in Thor’s myths. Additionally,
Thor has two goats. One of them is Tanngniost and another one is
Tanngrisnir. We meet with these two goats in Thor's stories with
humans about agriculture. Also, Thursday comes from Thor’s day just like his father’s. Thor's name
takes place in Ragnarok and it is quite important for the apocalypse to take place.

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>TYR
Tyr is the god of justice and victory. His symbol is an arrow and
some warriors were drawing this symbol on their war items. Tyr
mentions as a one-handed and-eyed god. Its myth is quite
interesting. When Gods learn about Fenrir's role in Ragnarok,
they want to make the wolf imprison. Fenrir is volunteering to be
his guardian of him. However, Fenrir becomes free, rips his chain
off, and attacks Tyr. At that moment, Tyr loses his hand. His wife
Zisa is the goddess of war and abundance. Her name is the female
version of Tyr. Also, Tuesday comes from Tyr’s day.

>Njord

Njord is the god of sea, wind and like other Vanir Gods abundance of crops. He is the father of Freyr
and Freyja and is in a bad marriage with Goddess Skanoi. Also, Vikings were drawing figures of Major
in the belief that he is going to protect them.

>Freyr

Freyr is the god of abundance. People believe he gives peace and

pleasure to humans. He is the guardian of rain, and sunshine and
controls agricultural products. He has the same degrees as Odin.
Because of that, some myths tell he is a different form of Odin.
Additionally, the pig is a sacred animal for him and he does
everything with his animal.

Click here to watch a video about gods of Norse Mythology.

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 COMPARISON OF GODS OF MYTHOLOGIES

When we read myths

about gods in
different mythologies,
of course, we can see
the differences
between them.
Because the place
myths were written is
different and people’s
thoughts are
completely different,
too. I know, I say
these in every comparison text but the main reason for these differences are the ones that I said
before. Basically, in Egyptian mythology symbolization is much more important than in Norse
mythology. Gods have a connection between animals and every animal represents something else.
For example, the jackal represents death but the hawk represents the sky. That’s why, even if we do
not know about gods, we can guess something about them with the animal head they have and
mostly gods fight for their own pleasure and good. Also, in my opinion, the animal heads they have,
have a relationship with the geographic features of Egypt. One more thing that attracts my attention
is that gods have their power and do not need anything to be more powerful. However, when we
read Norse mythology, there is no
symbolization of Gods. They have
special tools which give them more
power or help them with their
duties. Additionally, there is always
a fight and Gods in Norse mythology
are wilder when we compare the
two mythologies. They mostly do
not fight for their pleasures. The
war between gods is a necessary
and inevitable thing. Additionally
from my point of view, Norse Gods
care about humans more than
Egyptian Gods. That’s all my points
for this topic.

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 AFTERLIFE IN EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY
Egyptian believe that life continues after death. In the
“afterlife” the combination of soul and body can not be
ignored. That’s why protecting the dead body is
extremely important for them. Thanks to that,
mummification is really developed in ancient Egypt. The
coffin is important as much as mummification.
Therefore they always make durable and majestic
coffins for people who died. Pharaohs are the most
crucial part of society. Because they are known as the
god-pharaohs. When we examine the buildings in Egypt,
the most interesting ones are the pyramids. These
pyramids are made for the tombs and coffins of pharaohs so this can show us how coffins are
important for the afterlife in Egyptian Mythology. Also, they put valuable and necessary tools and
goods into the tombs.

Actually, there are three main beliefs for the afterlife:

Underworld Belief, Endless Life, Rebirth of the Soul. The entrance
of the underworld is located at the coffin of a dead person. Only
they are able to pass the underworld from there. After they do it,
they should go through a hall with the sculptures of Gods and
their soul meets with Osiris. Osiris decides if the person lives a
peaceful afterlife or not. People should do something to deserve
“paradise” or “a peaceful afterlife”. With this, they pass easily and
reach peace. However, it does not just depend on dead people’s
actions before they die. The living people should make some
rituals and funerals for the dead person. Otherwise, the person
who dies might pass the road hardly before they reach a happy
end. Another thing to make this progress easier hereafter text, spells, or rituals. These things are
written on the coffin. They show the path to people and thanks to it they reach the place where they
want to be in. There are developed spells, a text called pyramids text. As you can guess, these texts
are used for pharaohs and their dynasty. However, these are spread and normal people start to use
them.

The Book of the Dead is a wide spell collection that contains coffin texts and pyramids texts. Usually,
these spells are written on papyrus but it is possible to see these spells on the mummies’ wrappings,
tomb walls, and coffins. These spells provide pieces of advice, and protection while dead people are
going to the underworld.

Click here to watch a video about The Book of the Dead.

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 AFTERLIFE IN NORSE MYTHOLOGY
In Norse Mythology, there is an afterlife belief. However, this is not
similar to other mythologies or beliefs. There is no punishment or an
award for the people. Also, we can not say that their body and soul
integrity is important. Even they do not have soul integrity. The human
soul consists of four traits that make up a person :

- Hamr: Changeable appearance of a person after the death

- Hugr: The continuing personality of a person after the death

- Fylgja: Individual supernatural spirit or an animal connected to a

person’s spirit

- Hamingja: Guardian spirit of a person

After the death, some parts of the soul may continue to live afterlife with the
person or disappear. This does not have a rule. It is just a coincidence. For
example, when a warrior dies, his/her Hamingja can continue with him/her
but the fylgja of the warrior (a wolf) can disappear.

There are different hereafter realms for dead people. This can change according to what a person did
in his/her life or where did s/he die. As I said there is no punishment or award. That’s why we can not
see these realms as paradise or hell. Basically, there are five hereafter realms:

- Valhalla: This place is the saloon of the heroes. When a warrior dies, s/he meets with Odin and his
friend in this realm. They prepare themselves for Ragnarok here.

- Folkvangr: This place is also called “Society’s Field”. The god of fertility Freyja rules this realm.
Myths do not tell about this realm but myths tell that Freyja is kind and benevolent. That’s why
people believe this realm reflects her personality

- Hel: This place, which rules by Goddess Hell, is a grey country under the
Niflheim. Most of the spirits enter this realm. Most people grasp this place
as hell. However, it is just a gloomy realm that has no connection with
hell.

- The Realm Of Rán: It is also called Carol Caves of Ran. Ran is a giant who
lives bottom of the ocean. The spirits of the sailors or people who drown
go to this hereafter realm.

- The Burial Mound: The soul of the person who dies sometimes does not
leave the place where s/he dies. After that person becomes the mound
dweller and lives around this place. This can affect life badly. In other
words, this spirit might be a ghost.

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 COMPARISON OF AFTERLIFE OF MYTHOLOGIES
The most striking difference between
the mythologies is the existence of
heaven and hell. Because this directly
affects people’s life. When there is a
punishment or an award at the end (or
at the beginning, you decide) people
give attention to their behaviors. That’s
why, in my opinion, worshipping in
Egyptian Mythology is much more
important than in Norse mythology. As
people have to make something to reach “endless peace”, they have a sacred book called “the Book
of the Dead” which introduces people to some spells and rituals. However, we can not see things like
these in Norse Mythology. Of course, they give sacrifices or do little things for their gods but in my
opinion, these things do not have a great role.

Another obvious difference is that Egyptians believe in

the integrity of the soul and the body. Of course, this
causes some developments in this topic, which is
mummification and tomb. However, In Norse Mythology,
not just the integrity of the soul and body, they do not
believe the integrity of the soul. Therefore, there is no
tomb or coffin culture in Norse Mythology while there is
in Egyptian.

There are five realms for dead people in Norse Mythology. However, people go to these places
because of the coincidence plus mostly who you were in life. For the warriors, there is a special realm
with Odin and even from there, we are able to realize how Norse people are warriors and give great
value to them. However, in Egyptian Mythology there is just one realm “the underworld”.

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 REALMS IN NORSE MYTHOLOGY
There are nine realms in Norse mythology which are quite important for the
creations. These realms are located on the branches and roots of a tree called
“Yggdrasil”. This tree is also known as “The World Tree”. As it carries whole
living and dead beings over it and provides a place to every being. Every realm
contains different varieties and thanks to that, they have some special
features. So, let’s check them.

>Asgard
Asgard is the realm in which gods live. This realm kinda belongs
to Aesir Gods but because of the fight they have with Vanir
Gods, some hostages live here. Additionally, Odin lives and rules
here. In the other words, he is the president of this realm. His
thorn “Hildskjalf” which provided him to see all world” locates
there.

>Vanaheim
Vanahaim is the realm in which Vanir Gods live. They have a fight
with Aesir and as a consequence of it, the hostages return to the
Vanir. Njord, his children Freyr and Freyja locate here. Even though
there is no sufficient source for this realm, people guess that it
associates with traits of the Venir god. That’s why this place is quite
fertile and peaceful.

>Jotunheim
Jotunheim is the realm in which a giant race called Jotun lives.
Giants of snow and rock are the enemy of the Aesir Gods. This
place is very inefficient and arid. Also, people believe that the
villain Loki came from this realm to Asgard. However, there is a
frozen river that separates the two realms. Additionally, myths
tell about a castle that can not be seen on top of it. This castle
belongs to the scary king of Jotuns. Utgard Loki.

>Midgard
Midgard is the realm of humanity. It locates next to the Asgard.
Sometimes Aesir Gods visit this realm by the bridge between them.
This bridge calls Bilfrost and its form is a rainbow. Midgard is
surrounded by an impassable, enormous ocean.

>Alfheim

Alfheim is the realm that belongs to light elves. This realm is usually
associated with paradise because of its impressive appearance and
fertile. Additionally, this realm is ruled by Freyr.

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>Helheim
This place, which rules by Goddess Hell, is a grey country under
the Niflheim. Most of the spirits enter this realm. Most people
grasp this place as hell. However, it is just a gloomy realm that has
no connection with hell. Additionally, Odin makes some
dangerous creations imprisoned in this realm. For example, Fenrir
the enormous wolf is chained in here or the Midgard snake. The
Goddess Hell is the sister of Fenrir. That’s why these places can
not be ignored.

>Nidavellir
Nidavellir is the realm of the dwarves. They are interested in
blacksmithing and mining. That’s why this realm has a lot of
mining and underground city. Also, they show their talent by
giving God some important and sacred tools. For example,
Odin’s spear Gungir and Thor’s hammer Mjolnir are made by
them.

>Muspelheim
Muspelheim is the realm of the fires. There are so powerful fire and
sparks of it. Fire giants and demons live here and one of the
archenemies of God “Surtr” rules this realm. In Ragnarok, he leaves
Musspelheim and puts attacks the realm of Gods Asgard and turns
there into hell with his fire sword.

>Niflheim

Niflheim is the realm of cold and fog. Its name means the
world of fog and there is nothing in it. The universe is
made by Nilfheim and Musspelheim when there is
nothingness. That’s why this realm is one of the most
important ones. Also, this place protects by an enormous
dragon.

Click here to watch a video about realms in Norse Mythology.

16
 REALMS IN EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY
In Egyptian
Mythology, there
is no divided
universe. the
world consists of
one piece.
However, in that
one piece, we
are able to
separate some
parts of it.
Egyptians always
look at the sky as
a sacred
formation.
Therefore, the sky is more important for them in this one part world. They separate this one realm
with the parts of the earth, sky, the Nile, etc. The cosmos of Egyptians show that the creations and
important figures take great roles to make this realm. In other words, they work together to have a
flawless order.

It is true that there is not more than

one realm in the physical world in
Egypt. However, there is a special
realm called Amenti for the dead
people. The Book of the Dead tells us
about this process in detail. When a
person dies, s/he soul wants to leave
the body and pass to the “other side”.
This other side is obviously another
realm for that people. Of course, while
they go there, special things have to
take place. According to most of the
resources, souls pass a water supply by
boat. Of course, this water supply is
“Nun” which is the beginning of
everything”. When they reach the place where they are going to be judged, they meet with Ra. The
ones who pass the judging part again use a boat to pass the second part of that. However this time
Horus accompanies them. The underworld realm Amenti finishes with these processes.

17
 COMPARISON OF REALMS OF MYTHOLOGIES
When we compare the realms in two
different mythologies, the differences are
conspicuous. In Norse Mythology, there are
a lot of realms for different creations.
Realms stand for the creations’ own good in
Norse Mythology, especially for Gods and
creatures. They prepare themselves for
Ragnarok in their realms. However, in
Egyptian Mythology, we can not mention
multiple realms. They just have a special
realm for the underworld. This shows us
again how much they care about the
afterlife. The exact opposite of it, in nine important realms (even though there are realms for the
afterlife) none of them forms for just the afterlife.

One of the biggest things is the “World Tree” in Norse Mythology. Why it is a tree, not a sea? The
answer is obvious. For Skandinavs trees are crucial beings. They use them to heat up, make money,
build homes, etc. That’s why it is normal
that they see the tree as an important
being. In Egyptian Mythology, we always
come face to face with The Nile. For the
Amenti, the water supply you have to
pass is described as the Nile. Also, in the
cosmos of Egypt, the Nile has a great role.
So it is certainly right that geography is
the thing that most affect the mythology.
In every comparison text, the content
always involves geography like in the
comparison of realms.

18
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