MA1014 Mathematics - Tutorial 3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa
In23 - Semester 1
Real Analysis
1. Check the validity of the following statements:
(a) a > 0 iff a−1 > 0
(b) If a < b and c < d then a + c < b + d
(c) If 0 < a < b and 0 < c < d then ac < bd
(d) |a| ≤ r iff −r ≤ a ≤ r
(e) a2 ≥ 0
(f) |ab| = |a||b|
(g) |a| − |b| ≤ |a + b| ≤ |a| + |b|
(h) ||a| − |b|| ≤ |a − b|
(i) |a + b|2 + |a − b|2 = 2a2 + 2b2
2. Assume that A, B ⊆ R are non-empty subsets.
(a) Prove that inf(a, b) = a.
(b) Show that Z is unbounded.
(c) Show that for every a ∈ R there is n ∈ Z such that n > a.
(d) Prove the existence of inf using the existence of sup with suitable conditions.
(e) Show that ∀a ∈ A, ∀b ∈ B; a < b ⇒ sup A ≤ sup B.
(f) Show that A ⊂ B ⇒ sup A ≤ sup B.
(g) Show that A ⊂ B ⇒ inf A ≥ inf B.
(h) Define A + B = {a + b|a ∈ A, b ∈ B}. Show that sup(A + B) = sup A + sup B
(i) Show that there is a rational number and an irrational number between any two real numbers.
Ordinary Differential Equations and Riemann Integration
1. Find the general solution to the following differential equations:
dy
(a) dx
= (x2 + ex )(y 2 − 3y − 4)
(b) 3ex tan y dx + (1 − ex ) sec2 y dy = 0
dy
(c) dx
= (4x + y)2
1
dy 1
(d) dx
= x+y+1
2. Solve the following differential equations:
dy y−x+1
(a) dx
= y+x−5
dy x−2y+3
(b) dx
= 2x−4y+5
dy 1−2y−4x
(c) dx
= 1+y+2x
(d) (x + 2y − 4) dx − (2x − 4y) dy = 0
3. Solve the following homogeneous differential equations:
2y 4 +x4
(a) y ′ = xy 3
dy 2xy
(b) dx
= x2 −y 2
√
dy y+ x2 −y 2
(c) dx
= x
2 ′
(d) x y = y + 5xy + 4x2
2
4. Solve the given Bernoulli equations:
dy x2
(a) dx
+ xy = y 2 e 2 sin x
′ x
(b) y + xy = y3
1
(c) ty ′ = 3y + t5 y 3
(d) y ′ − y = xy 2
5. Solve the differential equations using the integrating factor method:
dy x+y sin x
(a) dx
= 1+cos x
√ ′
√
2 x
(b) xy = e +y
dy 1 ey
(c) dx
+ x
= x2
dy
(d) x log x dx + y = 2 log x
6. Solve the following IVPs:
(a) x2 y ′ = y 2 + xy − x2 ; y(1) = 2
(b) y dy + x dx = 3xy 2 dx; y(2) = 1
(c) (y + 7) dx + (2x + y + 3) dy = 0; y(0) = 1
2
Algebra
1. The vectors a, b, and c are not parallel. Simplify the following expressions:
(a) (2a + b) × (a − 2b)
(b) a · [b × (c + a)]
(c) The vectors a, b, and c are so that c × a = i and b × c = 2k. Express (a + b) × (a + b + 2c)
in terms of i and k.
2. Relative to a fixed origin O, the points A and B have respective position vectors 4i + 3j − 3k and
2i + 3k.
(a) Determine a vector equation of the straight line l1 which passes through the points A and
B.
(b) The straight line l2 passes through the point C with position vector 4i − 6j and is parallel
to the vector 3j − k. Write down a vector equation of l2 .
(c) Show that l1 and l2 intersect at the point A.
(d) Find the acute angle between l1 and l2 .
3. The points A ≡ (2, 4, 4), B ≡ (6, 8, 4), C ≡ (6, 4, 0), D ≡ (2, 0, 0), and M ≡ (4, 4, 2) are given.
The straight line l1 has the equation r1 = 6i + 4j + λ(i + j) where λ is a scalar parameter. The
straight line l2 passes through the points C and M .
(a) Find a vector equation of l2 .
−→
(b) Show that AB is parallel to l1 .
(c) Verify that D lies on l1 .
−→
(d) Find the acute angle between AC and l1 .
4. Relative to a fixed origin O, the points A, B, and C have respective position vectors a = 8i + j,
b = 5j + 8k, and c = 14i + j + 15k.
(a) Find a vector equation of the straight line that passes through A and B.
(b) Show that CM is perpendicular to AB, where M is the midpoint of AB.
(c) Determine the area of the triangle ABC.
5. Relative to a fixed origin O, the plane Π1 passes through the points A, B, and C with position
vectors i − j + 2k, 6i − j + k, and 3i − 2j + 2k respectively.
(a) Determine an equation of Π1 in the form r · n = c where n is the normal to Π1 and c is a
scalar constant.
(b) Find in exact surd form the shortest distance of Π1 from the origin O.
(c) The plane Π2 passes through the point A and has normal 5i − 2j + 7k. Calculate to the
nearest degree the acute angle between Π1 and Π2 .
End of The Tutorial