Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

LESSON PLAN IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE

DATE FEBRUARY 19-22, 2024

Learning Competency (with Code):

1. Determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar given its structure
(S11/12PS-IIIc-15)
2. Relate the polarity of a molecule to its properties (S11/12PS-IIIc-16)

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

I. OBJECTIVE 1. Define electronegativity
2. Find the electronegativity of elements in the periodic table
3. Explain the VSEPR theory
4. Draw the geometry of molecules using the VSEPR theory
5. Distinguish between polar and non-polar molecules
6. Relate the properties of molecules to its polarityProvide an overview of the proof for the Big Bang
model
II. SUBJECT
Polarity of Molecules
MATTER

A. Key The teacher will introduce the two factors that determine the polarity of molecules. These are:
Concepts/Ideas 1) The polarity of the bonds between atoms which can be studied based on electronegativity,
and
2) The geometrical shape of the molecule which can be predicted via the valence shell electron
pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
Bond Polarity (20 minutes)
Review Grade 9 chemistry discussions on properties of elements found in the periodic table such as
boiling points, melting points, oxidation number, etc. Point out that one of the properties found in the
periodic table is the electronegativity of elements.

Electronegativity (EN) - Measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when
chemically combined with another atom. The higher the value of electronegativity, the more it tends
to attract electrons toward itself.

Introduce polar covalent and non-polar covalent bonds.

Polar covalent bonds occur when electron pairs are unequally shared. The difference in
electronegativity between atoms is significant. Examples of compounds having polar covalent bonds
are:

HCl EN of H = 2.1 EN of Cl = 3.0 ΔEN = 0.9

HF EN of H = 2.1 EN of F = 4.0 ΔEN = 1.9

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Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

The separation of charges makes the bond polar. It creates an electric dipole. Dipole refers to “two
poles,” meaning there is a positive and a negative pole within a molecule.

Elements with the higher EN value become the partial negative pole while elements with the lower
EN value become the partial positive pole. This makes the molecule a polar molecule.

Non-polar covalent bonds occur when electron pairs are shared equally or the difference in
electronegativity between atoms is less than 0.5. Examples of substances having non-polar covalent
bonds are:

H2 EN of H = 2.1 ΔEN = 0.0 NON-POLAR MOLECULE; not a dipole

Cl2 EN of Cl = 3.0 ΔEN = 0.0 NON-POLAR MOLECULE; not a dipole
F2 EN of F = 4.0 ΔEN = 0.0 NON-POLAR MOLECULE; not a dipole
HI EN of H = 2.1 EN of I = 2.5 ΔEN = 0.4 POLAR MOLECULE; a dipole

Provide several examples and have the learners determine if the bond between elements are polar
covalent or non-polar covalent.
Seatwork
CH4 CF4 O2 HBr
Answer key
CH4
EN of H = 2.1 EN of C = 2.5 ΔEN = 0.4
Non polar covalent bond
CF4
EN of C = 2.5 EN of F = 4.0 ΔEN = 1.5
Polar covalent bond
O2
EN of O = 3.4 ΔEN = 0.0
Non polar covalent bond
HBr
EN of H= 2.1 EN of Br = 2.8 ΔEN = 0.7

Polar covalent bond

Proceed to discuss molecular geometry, another important which determines if a molecule is polar or
not.
Molecular Geometry (30 minutes)
The valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory helps predict the spatial
arrangement of atoms in a polyatomic molecule. The shapes are designed to minimize the repulsion
within a molecule.
Show a five-minute video showing the five different geometric shapes under the VSEPR theory,
namely, linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral. The video also
explains the basic principle behind the VSEPR theory.
OldSite Vanden Bout. (2011). VSEPR Theory: Introduction. Retrieved from [Link]
watch?v=keHS-CASZfc

Present the images below summarizing the different shapes under the VSEPR theory.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Figure 1. Linear, Retrieved May 10, 2016 from

[Link]
Figure 2. Bent, Retrieved May 10, 2016 from
[Link]
Figure 3. Trigonal planar, Retrieved May 10, 2016 from
[Link]
Figure 4. Tetrahedral, Retrieved May 10, 2016 from
[Link]
Figure 5. Trigonal bipyramidal, Retrieved May 10, 2016 from
[Link]
Figure 6. Octahedral, Retrieved May 10, 2016 from Trigonal planar and Octahedral
[Link]

Emphasize that symmetry plays an important role in determining the polarity of a molecule. Give the
following guidelines to determine the VSEPR shape of a molecule:
1. Determine the central atom of a molecule. The central atom is the least electronegative element.
2. Count how many valence electrons the central atom has.
3. Count how many valence electrons the side atoms have.
4. Create the appropriate Lewis structure of the molecule.
5. Using the Lewis structure as a guide, determine the appropriate VSEPR shape for the molecule.
6. Note how many electrons are shared and unshared. This will help determine the appropriate
VSEPR shape.

Rizal St., Brgy. 3, Hinigaran, Negros Occidental

034 – 740-7096
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Practice with learners on how to determine and draw different molecular shapes using the examples
below. Emphasize that lone pairs has a big factor in making a molecule polar.
Polar molecule:
H2O Bent - polar due to two lone pairs
NH3 Trigonal pyramidal - polar due to one lone pair
NO Linear - polar due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Due to the two lone pairs, the water molecule has a bent shape.
Figure 7. Lewis Structures and the Shapes of Molecules, Retrieved February 18, 2016 from

[Link]
Note that dots refer to unshared electrons in the Lewis structure above and a dash refers to bonding
between two electrons.
Point out the effects of lone pairs in the shape and polarity of a molecule.

Non-polar molecule
CO2 Linear
CH4 Tetrahedral
CCl4 Tetrahedral

Emphasize the difference between bond polarity and molecular polarity. The presence of polar bonds
does not automatically make a molecule
polar. The geometry of the molecule also plays an important role. This can be seen in CO2 wherein
the electronegativity difference of C and O
is 1.0 which makes the bond between them polar. However carbon is placed in the middle of two
oxygen atoms making the molecular structure
linear. This equal distribution of polar bonds make the molecule non-polar.

Rizal St., Brgy. 3, Hinigaran, Negros Occidental

034 – 740-7096
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Summarize the lesson with emphasis to the fact that molecules are polar or non-polar based on the
type of covalent bond and its molecular geometry.
Mention that one of the most practical manifestations of polarity is solubility and miscibility. Solubility
refers to the ability of a solute to dissolve in a certain amount of solvent. Miscibility is the ability of two
liquids to mix in all proportions.
Solubility, Miscibility, and Polarity
Give the general rule that “like dissolves like” or “like mixes with like.” This refers to substances being
able to mix due to their same polarity.
In the experiment, water and vinegar mixed because they are both polar substances while gasoline
and oil are non-polar substances. Oil and water, oil and vinegar, gasoline and water, and vinegar and
gasoline do not mix because their polarities are different.
D. Value Focus Appreciating/valuing the Polarity of Molecules and its uses in our daily lives as well as it’s importance
to our society.

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES

A. References Ex. Teacher’s Guide, Learner’s Material, textbook (indicate page), other reference material used

B. Materials Ex. Laptop/LED TV/bond paper/manila paper

III.
PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Annotation

A. Preliminary
Prayer, Greetings, Checking of Attendance
Activity/ies

1. Drill
(optional)

Review the following terms that will be presented for this topic:
2. Review a. Electronegativity b. Valence electron c. Covalent bond
d. Dipole e. Immiscible f. Miscible
3. Unlocking of
Difficulties
(optional)

4. Motivation Polarity Experiment

Materials
• Water
• Vinegar
• Vegetable oil
• Gasoline
• Food coloring (optional for coloring water and vinegar)
• Candle dye (optional for coloring the vegetable oil)
• Test tubes or graduated cylinder

Rizal St., Brgy. 3, Hinigaran, Negros Occidental

034 – 740-7096
[Link]@[Link] / 343863hin@[Link] / hinigaranshs@[Link]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
• Stirring rod

Procedure
Mix the following samples well with a spoon and observe their reactions. Stir the
mixture.
Remember to wash and dry the stirring rod after each use.
a. Water + vinegar
b. Water + oil
c. Water + gasoline
d. Oil + vinegar
e. Oil + gasoline
Disposal
Samples with oil and gasoline should first be mixed with dishwashing liquid
before disposing down the sink.
Have the learners hypothesize why certain combinations mix better than others.
Ask them to group the samples together according to how well they mix.
Learners should be able to predict the results of the experiment as they mix oil
and water. They should recall simple chores they do at home such as washing
out oil from pans.
Suggest that water and vinegar can be grouped together while oil and gasoline
belong to another group. These substances can be classified as polar and non-
polar substances. The difference in polarity explains why certain combinations
mix and not others.
B.
Developmental
Activities

Today’s lesson will help us understand the Polarity of Molecules:

Let’s be guided by the following objectives:
1. Define electronegativity
1. Presentation 2. Find the electronegativity of elements in the periodic table
3. Explain the VSEPR theory
4. Draw the geometry of molecules using the VSEPR theory
5. Distinguish between polar and non-polar molecules
6. Relate the properties of molecules to its polarity.

2. Activity Electronegativity and molecular geometry

Determine the polarity of the following compounds based on electronegativity

differences and molecular geometry.

Molecular geometry Polarity

1. HBr linear polar
2. PH3 trigonal pyramidal polar
3. SiS2 linear non-polar
4. O2 linear non-polar
5. BCl3 trigonal planar non-polar

Rizal St., Brgy. 3, Hinigaran, Negros Occidental

034 – 740-7096
[Link]@[Link] / 343863hin@[Link] / hinigaranshs@[Link]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

3. Analysis Communicate learning objectives and important terms.

I know you have learned a lot from this day’s discussion, so anyone who can
state and answer the following questions?
1. Define electronegativity
4. Abstraction/ 2. Find the electronegativity of elements in the periodic table
Generalization 3. Explain the VSEPR theory
4. Draw the geometry of molecules using the VSEPR theory
5. Distinguish between polar and non-polar molecules
6. Relate the properties of molecules to its polarityProvide an overview of the
proof for the Big Bang model

Based on our discussion;

5. Application - What are your thoughts on the various concepts about Polarity of
Molecules?
- How can your knowledge about Polar and Non-polar elements
personally helo you and the society as a whole?
Determine the following:
A. Molecular geometry
B. Bond polarity between atoms
C. Polarity of the molecule
Students should have their periodic tables with them for the exam.

6. Evaluation

7. Assignment/ Applications of polarity, VSEPR model-making

Enrichment/ Introduce the concept of polarity in biological examples.
Remediation Explain the importance of the polarity of molecules by citing how many biological
processes rely on polarity. Give proteins and phospholipids as examples.
Proteins are macromolecules having polar and non-polar parts that are essential
to life. Protein chains can be so long that they must
bend and form a particular shape. The shape is affected by attraction and
repulsion among polar and non-polar groups. Proteins that have an irregular
shape are not able to perform biological functions well. One particular example is
a hereditary disease called sickle cell anemia wherein the red blood cell acquires
the shape of a sickle or crescent moon instead of a normal circular shape.
This irregularity in shape lessens the ability of the red blood cells to carry oxygen
throughout the body.

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034 – 740-7096
[Link]@[Link] / 343863hin@[Link] / hinigaranshs@[Link]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
HINIGARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Phospholipids on the other hand are biological macromolecules that normally
form as cell membrane. Phospholipids have a water-loving (polar) and water-
fearing (non-polar) part. This macromolecule orients itself in such a way that the
polar part is oriented towards the wateryenvironment (outwards) while the non-
polar orients itself away from the watery environment (inwards). In this way, cells
are able to perform their functions.

Ask the learners to come up with other applications of polarity. E.g. Water-based
paint vs. Oil-based paint, applications in cooking, milk as remedy for eating spicy
food (milk has globules of fat which bonds with the oil in spicy food), etc.

Prepared by:

MARIEL LEIRA G. POLICIANOS

BON LISTER P. FACTORIN
KYLE DENEV V. VILLAFLOR
( Physical Science 11 Subject Teachers)

Checked/Validated by:

ANABELLA F. PASCUA, PhD

Principal II- SHS

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