THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

5. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE

MANAGEMENT
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The agricultural sector is the largest source of employment in the 5.3 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Theewaterskloof Municipality. Agriculture is also the economic sector that has
The CRDP is a government initiative and programme and aims to address rural
traditionally been the foundation of the economic development of the region.
poverty and facilitate social cohesion and sustainable development across the
Agriculture sector’s contribution to the economy and its importance is realised rural areas of South Africa. The CRDP is targeted at 15 rural development nodes
when considering its upstream and downstream linkages to manufacturing and across the Province where participatory community-based planning is targeted
marketing of inputs and equipment on the one hand and, the food-processing at agrarian transformation, as well as strategic investments in economic and
and manufacturing sectors based on agricultural produce on the other. The social infrastructure. The programme consists of three main strategies i.e.:
importance of the rural economy is further illustrated by the fact that the rural
 Agrarian transformation;
population of TWKM is 26% of its total population (MYPE 2018 rural population:
32 145). This could partly be ascribed to the extremely high farm labour  Rural Development;
requirement as a result of the production potential of its agricultural soils,
particularly in the Grabouw-Elgin area and in the Vyeboom-Villiersdorp area.  Land Reform.

The South African government has recently announced its intention to intensify Agrarian transformation relates mainly to changing the relation between land,
it’s affords to stimulate growth and development in rural areas. livestock, cropping and the community i.e. it focus on the establishment of rural
business initiatives, agri-industries, co-operatives, local markets etc. Rural
5.2 PSDF: RURAL LAND USE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT development is about enabling rural communities to provide in their own needs
GUIDELINES whilst Land Reform in relation to the CRDP focus on address / reviewing the
Restitution, Redistribution and Tenure Reform claims and expedite where
Against the background of “escalating development pressures” on the Western possible the Land Reform process. The Rural Development Agency is the key
Cape’s Rural areas, the provincial government produced a set of draft guidelines stakeholder in this process and should work in close co-operation with officials
for land use planning and management outside the urban edge of towns; the
of the Theewaterskloof municipality to implement the said strategies and
rural areas. The guidelines are called the Rural Land Use Planning and programmes of the CRDP.
Management Guidelines (May 2009). The 2014 PSDF states that these guidelines
should be updated with the latest Critical Biodiversity Areas mapping and Spatial 5.4 ISSUES
Planning Categories. The revised guidelines have been published for public
The following issues facing the rural area within the Municipality have been
comment, at the date of this document.
identified:

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-1

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

 The absence of Land Use Management Guidelines in the rural Objective 5: Support land reform, conservation and tourism as catalysts for rural
environment as a result of the focus in the past on urban development; development.

 Lack of adequate public facilities and community based infrastructure for 5.6 RURAL LAND USE POLICIES
farm workers;
This section presents a summary of the ten main rural land use categories
 Shortage of housing for farm workers in high density areas; identified in the Western Cape Land Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas
(March 2019). The objective of this section is to:
 Transport costs for rural occupants to the nearest urban nodes to obtain
basic community and business services;  Formulate strategies, policies/ guidelines for development that applies to
Theewaterskloof;
 Transport costs for farm workers commuting on a daily basis to nearby
towns;  Investigate / identify the existing location and distribution of rural land
uses according to the nine main categories;
 Lack of economic development initiatives to stimulate growth of the rural
economy.  Identify potential opportunities for rural development.

5.5 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES Table 5.1: Rural Land Uses Categories, Guidelines and Objectives

Rural development represents an important development component of any (i) Rural Land Use Category: Conservation
municipality, especially in TWKM where agriculture plays an important
Guideline:
economic and employment role. Therefore, the focus of this SDF will be as
follows: Biodiversity, heritage and scenic resources all form part of the rural
Goal: Supporting the rural economy through identification of locations that conservation agenda, both at landscape and farm level. The WCG approach to
have shown potential to grow as a catalyst for development of the rural Conservation is to formally protect priority conservation areas, establish
ecological linkages across the rural landscape, and mainstream a conservation
economy and rural communities.
ethic into all rural activities.
Objective 1: Identify the most desirable rural locations for various land use
categories to support sustainable development. Objectives:

Objective 2: Identify Rural Development Areas (RDA’s) and Rural Development  Protect and conserve important habitats, as identified through a
Nodes that have the potential to grow and to support rural communities. conservation planning process.

Objective 3: Develop outspans according to its resource potential.  Facilitate the formal protection of priority conservation areas (public and
private), as well as implementing conservation management actions for
Objective 4: Identify opportunities for growth in the forestry sector.

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-2

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

CBAs and ESAs that are not formally proclaimed nature reserves.  Provide for small-scale farming and facilitate land, and agrarian, reform.

 Establish ecological corridors to mitigate against the impacts of climate  Improve the economic viability of farms through the intensification and
change. diversification of agricultural production and improve enterprise
opportunities within the food system.
 Protect the scenic qualities of the cultural and natural landscapes.
 Improved food resource management (availability of food/food security)
 Protect the rural ‘sense of place’ and structures of heritage and
and an inclusive food economy (assistance to access to food).
archaeological significance, and ensure that new development respects
cultural landscapes and sites.  Encourage the economic viability of agricultural enterprises through the
introduction of non-agricultural land uses including tourist
Implementation:
accommodation and facilities and additional dwelling units.
Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land
Possible locations for space extensive rural agri-industrial that are located in
Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).
core agriculture and near rail and major transport routes and rural activity
(ii) Rural Land Use Category: Agriculture routes are:

Guideline:  Viljoenshoop;

Promote consolidation of farming landscapes and prevent their  Elgin;

fragmentation; provide for land and agrarian reform; improve the economic  Vyeboom;
viability of farming by facilitating diversification of agricultural production;
promote enterprise opportunities within the food system and promote  R43 and R321 intersection near Villiersdorp;
sustainable farming practices.
 Velaphi;
Objectives:
 Krige station;
 Protect agriculture as the primary land use in the rural landscape.
 Lebanon.
 Restrict the fragmentation of agricultural landscapes and promote
Identify areas for small scale farming on public land and investigate their
consolidation, except small-scale farming enterprises for land reform
suitability and potential beneficiaries.
purpose.
Farm Workers Housing:
 Protect, maintain and enhance viable agricultural units and encourage
sustainable farming practices. Limit the development of rural housing to existing towns, hamlets and rural

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-3

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

settlements. Exceptions to the rule are:  Vyeboom and Bissitsdrift;

 On-and-off farm security of tenure for farm workers;  Waterval (next to Theewaterskloof Dam);
 Restricted residential rights to incentivise the consolidation of rural  Velaphi;
properties of high biodiversity value and their incorporation into the
conservation estate.  Lebanon;

The incentive of restricted rural housing rights should only be offered where  Elgin;
properties of high biodiversity value ((i.e. containing Critical Biodiversity Areas  Eikenhof;
(CBAs) and/or Critical Ecological Support Areas (ESAs)) are consolidated and
given formal conservation status.  Kromco;

The rural housing incentive could apply in the following Spatial Planning  Kromvlei.
Categories (SPCs): Core 2 Areas (restricted application); Buffers 1 and 2; and
Implementation:
Agriculture.
Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land
Rural housing should not be promoted within the applicable development
Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).
setback (i.e. buffer) and flood line and in risk prone areas (e.g. fire or flood
risk). (iii) Rural Land Use Category: Land Reform
‘On-farm’ settlement of farm workers is applicable in all rural SPCs. It should Guideline:
not undermine the sustainable utilisation of agricultural resources.
Provide support to aspirant emerging farmers with access to land for
Cadastral fragmentation of agricultural landscapes should be avoided. Where commercial and subsistence farming purposes, create opportunities to
possible farm workers’ dwelling units should be clustered and located in close develop agricultural holdings in the urban fringe and support different
proximity to rural movement routes. settlement options to allow rural dwellers and their dependants to fully
benefit from the various tenure, housing and subsidy benefits and rights
Possible locations include:
which are availed to them.
 The location of rural housing as on off-set to biodiversity conservation and
Objectives:
for on-and-off farm workers can only be determined on a case-by-case
basis.  To support land reform projects that comply with the prescripts of
government and does not impact adversely on the agricultural and rural
• Possible suitable locations for rural housing within existing hamlets or
landscape.
rural settlement villages are:

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-4

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

 To guard against inappropriate land development proposed under the Implementation:

guise of land reform.
Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land
Implementation: Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).

Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land (v) Tourist and Recreational Facilities
Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).
Guideline:
(iv) Rural Land Use Category: Rural Accommodation
Facilitate appropriate investment in the tourism and recreation sectors in the
Guideline: rural landscape to diversify the rural economic base.

Support tourism development in rural areas to strengthen the rural economy. Objectives:
Tourism development should be in keeping with the local character.
 To diversify the rural economic base into the tourism and recreation
Objectives: sectors and develop these sectors on a sustainable and equitable basis.

 To provide a range of opportunities, including different typologies, for  To offer a range of appropriate nature, cultural and agri-based rural
tourists and visitors to experience the Western Cape’s unique rural tourism facilities, and recreational opportunities across the rural
landscapes; e.g. additional dwelling units on farms, B&Bs, guesthouses, landscape (e.g. animal sanctuary, paintball, shooting ranges, and
backpacker lodges, lodges, resorts, hotels, and camping sites. conference facilities).

 To offer more people access to unique tourism and recreational resources  To provide citizens access to resources the coast and the rural landscape.
in sought-after natural areas, where it would not otherwise have been
Whilst tourist and recreation facilities should be accommodated across the
possible.
rural landscape (i.e. in all SPCs), the nature and scale of the facility provided
 To contribute towards the sustainability and well-being of the relevant needs to be closely aligned with the environmental characteristics of the local
areas where tourist accommodation is considered. context.

 To align the scale and form of overnight facilities with the character and Environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. wetlands and other special habitats)
qualities of the rural area. should be avoided and the placement of facilities and activities should be
informed by a landscape assessment (i.e. considering biodiversity, cultural
 To diversify farm income.
and scenic attributes).
 To provide accommodation in proclaimed nature reserves.
Any facility not directly related to the rural landscape should preferably be
located within or peripheral to urban centers.

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-5

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

The residential component of rural tourist and recreation developments filling station, plant nursery, commercial kennel) should be located within the
should be restricted. urban edge of rural settlements in order to reinforce their economic base or
establish gateways (e.g. integrated complex of tourism office, retail/craft
Existing locations include the Theewaterskloof Country Club and Golf Estate,
outlet and petrol station) to them.
Theewaters Sports Club, farm stalls and restaurants at various locations i.e.
Houw Hoek Hotel, Peregrine and Dassiesfontein, and Marremana Polo Estate Place-bound businesses appropriate in the rural landscape include farm stalls
near Salandra. and shops, restaurants and taverns and venue facilities (e.g. conferences and
weddings).
Possible locations of tourist and recreational facilities can only be determined
on a case-by-case basis. Strengthen/concentrate development in existing Existing locations include tourist shops, farm stalls, restaurants, etc. at various
locations. locations

Implementation: Possible locations of rural business can only be determined on a case-by-case

basis. Strengthen/consolidate within existing rural businesses in
Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land
Dassiesfontein, Houwhoek Hotel, Peregrine, Salandria, Velaphi, etc.
Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).
Restaurants, taverns and venue facilities should be located within the
(vi) Rural Business
farmstead precinct.
Guideline: Undertake detailed investigations and formulate development proposals for
Facilitate the development of businesses serving the needs of rural selected rural settlements and delineate an urban edge.
communities and tourists, as well as agricultural production, in suitable
Implementation:
locations throughout the landscape to strengthen the rural economy.
Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land
Objectives: Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).
 To facilitate the development of rural businesses serving the needs of local
(vii) Mining and Industry
communities, rural tourists and agricultural production.
Guideline:
 To provide guidance on suitable locations for appropriate development
along main tourism routes. Facilitate the development of rural industrial activity in suitable locations and
at appropriate scale to strengthening the rural economy.
Appropriate rural businesses could be accommodated in all SPCs (e.g. curio-
shop appropriate in a National Park). Objectives:

Non place bound businesses (e.g. service traders, agricultural co-operative,  To facilitate the development of industrial activity that underpins the rural

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-6

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

economy, conservation and tourism. Existing community facilities are currently located in the following areas:

 Appropriate industrial activity in rural areas includes:  Helderstroom Correctional Services

 Packing, storage and bottling or processing of agricultural products.  Bissitsdrift Primary School

 Small scale production or processing activities associated with tourist  Vyeboom: church, school, post office
facilities.
 Lebanon;
 Extracting minerals e.g. salt mining.
 Kaaimansgat;
 Processing natural resources e.g. bottling of spring water.
 Rietpoel;
Implementation:  Krigestasie;
Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land  Lindeshof.
Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).
Implementation:
(viii) Community Facilities and Institutions
Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land
Guideline: Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).
Community facilities and institutions serving rural communities should be (ix) Infrastructure Installations
located within existing settlements, except when travel distances are too far
or rural population concentrations justifies the location of community Guideline:
facilities in rural areas.
Ensure that these essential public installations can function effectively in
Objectives: suitable rural locations (i.e. settlements or Buffer 2 SPCs).

 To provide facilities necessary for the sustainable socio-economic Objectives:

development of rural communities.
 To provide for infrastructure installations and facilities that serve the
 To provide for institutions requiring extensive land or an isolated location broader community (i.e. both urban and rural).
(e.g. correctional facilities).
 Because of their need for extensive space, unique locational requirements,
 To provide for institutions serving agricultural production (e.g. agricultural or negative impact on surrounding areas, they often need to be located
schools and research facilities). outside urban areas.

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-7

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

 Ensure that these essential public installations can function effectively in Objectives for Smallholding Areas:
suitable locations on the landscape.
 To accommodate larger residential properties in order to provide a full
Implementation: range of opportunities. This may be used for limited agriculture, but
primarily serve as places of residence for people who seek a rural lifestyle.
Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land
Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).  To prevent new smallholding development from fragmenting the rural
landscapes.
(x) Urban Development
New smallholding developments should not be permitted in the rural
Guideline: landscape. Smallholdings should be limited to appropriate locations inside
Focus settlement development pressures into the current footprint of the the medium to long term urban edge, determined through the SDF process.
settlements. Only in exceptional cases should new settlements of appropriate Lifestyle smallholdings should not be located on high and medium potential
scale and compatibility be considered within the rural landscape. agricultural land or land of biodiversity significance. Smallholdings could be
Objectives for Urban Areas: located along future urban growth axes, and subsequently subdivided to
promote urban compaction.
 To maintain the existing nodes and a meaningful settlement hierarchy.
The only existing location is Tesselaarsdal. No new small holding areas should
 To prevent urban development encroachment into agricultural areas, be established.
scenic landscapes and biodiversity priority areas.
Implementation:
 To promote smart growth by containing urban sprawl and prioritising infill
and densification of existing urban areas. Guidance for implementation should be taken from the Western Cape Land
Use Planning Guidelines: Rural Areas (March 2019).
 To provide housing opportunities for rural dwellers in existing settlements.

Existing locations include Velaphi, Kaaimansgat, Rietpoel, Krigestasie,

Lindeshof, Vyeboom, Helderstroom, Lebanon, Dennegeur, Nuweberg,
Kromvlei, Dennehof, Molteno and Elgin Orchards.

No new rural settlements or hamlets are proposed, but certain existing rural
locations are proposed as rural development nodes to become the nuclei of
rural development.

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-8

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

5.7 RURAL GROWTH NODES (RURAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS) Table 5.2: Proposed Rural Land Uses Categories and Preferred Location

5.7.1 Background Proposed Location of Rural Land Use Categories

The following rural development areas (RDA’s) are proposed: Rural Land Use Development
Existing Public Other Areas:
Categories within the
 RDA 1: Vyeboom and environs (Refer to Plan 5.3); and Private Special
Four Rural
Settlements Investigation
 RDA 2: Viljoenshoop Valley and environs (Refer to Plan 5.4); Nodes

 RDA 3: Velaphi/Salandra and environs (Refer to Plan 5.5); Holiday accommodation

 RDA 4: Theewaterskloof Dam and environs (Refer to Plan 5.6). Rural housing (off-farm) X
5.7.2 Strategies: Rural Development Areas (RDA’s) Rural housing (on-farm) X X
It is proposed that a Rural Framework Plan should be compiled for each RDA
Tourist and recreational
and that non-residential land uses should be considered for development
facilities
X
subject to compliance with the rural management guidelines and policies
according to subsections 5.5 and 5.6 of this SDF. The proposed land uses and Rural business X
the preferred location are indicated in the following table:
Rural industry X
For each of the four RDAs, a rural development node is proposed, namely:

 RDA 1; Vyeboom and environs: Bissitsdrift; Community facilities and

institutions
X X
 RDA 2; Viljoenshoop-Valley and environs: Lebanon;
Bulk infrastructure
 RDA 3; Selandria and environs: Selandria;
Smallholdings X X
 RDA 4; Theewaterskloof Dam and environs: Theewaterskloof Country
Club.

Each of the four RDAs will be discussed in more detail in Tables 5.3 to 5.6.

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-9

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

Table 5.3: RDA 1: Vyeboom and Environs  Land uses (existing): Primary schools (Bissitsdrift and Vyeboom),
cooperative, shop, post office, sports fields, farm
RDA 1: Vyeboom and Environs (Refer to Plan 5.2)
worker housing, agricultural buildings.

Spatial informants (sub-regional context):

Spatial proposals:
The first rural development area was selected on the basis of the range of rural Vyeboom, Bissitsdrift and
land use activities that have emerged along the main movement route (R321) Nuweberg
connecting the southern rural hinterland between Grabouw and Villiersdorp.
 Settlement proposals: Bissitsdrift (public) proposed as new rural node

Existing land use and Vyeboom (private) proposed for on-farm

development: settlement of farm workers

 Settlements Vyeboom, Bissitsdrift and Nuweberg  Proposed land uses for Farm worker housing, primary school, church,
Bissitsdrift: clinic, rural business, tourist and recreational
 Other connecting Botrivier via Van der Stel Pass; R45 to facilities, rural industry
routes to R321: Franschhoek
 Implementation: Compile a framework plan for Bissitsdrift and
 Rural activity route R45 between Vyeboom and Bissitsdrift delineate an urban edge. Determine land
 Zones of influences: Areas within 5 km distance from the hamlets of development opportunities. Investigate bulk
Vyeboom and Bissitsdrift on R321. service provision requirements and feasibility.
Discuss ownership options with private land
Vyeboom and environs is a distinctly separate owners.
 Local significance:
farming community, separated from Grabouw
(to the south) by the Groenland Mountains and
the Viljoens Pass and separated from Villiersdorp
Table 5.4: RDA 2: Viljoenshoop Valley and Environs
by the Theewaterskloof Dam, a ±20km distance
to this town.
RDA 2: Viljoenshoop-Valley and Environs (Refer to Plan 5.3)
Spatial informants (local
context): Spatial informants (sub-regional context):
Vyeboom (Private); Bissitsdrift (Public); The second rural RDA was selected on the basis of the extent to which
 Type of settlement:
Nuweberg (Public, Forestry Village) agricultural and non-agricultural related non place-bound land uses have

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-10

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

developed. This area has a relatively high rural population density as a result of Kromco pack stores (private);
labour intensive agricultural production processes.
De Rust (private);

Existing land use and  Land uses (existing): Peregrine (private – farm stall).
development:
Lebanon: residential; crèche; sports fields;
 Private Settlements Kromvlei; Kromco; De Rust; Lebanon (public); Kromvlei: residential; mobile kiosk, community
Perigrene hall
 Routes N2 and railway line transport corridor Peregrine: farm stall
 Rural activity route Viljoenshoop Road De Rust: farm workers
 Zones of Influence: Areas within 5km distance from settlements Kromco: agri-industry, residential
 Local significance: The Kromco warehousing and surrounding area
is located ±10-15 km east of Grabouw. The Spatial proposals:
population density of the rural areas east of Viljoenshoop-Valley and
Grabouw is relatively high. This is highlighted environs
by the existence of a number of private on and  Settlement status: Lebanon is proposed as a new Rural node
off-farm settlements such as Lebanon (forestry
settlement) and Kromvlei (south of the N2).
The area has good accessibility from the N2 and  Proposed land uses: Accommodate off-farm farm workers (rural
north of the N2 the area is served by the railway housing; rural industry; community facilities;
line. rural business)

Spatial informants (local Compile a Framework Plan for Lebanon and

context):  Implementation: delineate an urban edge. Determine land use
requirements. Investigate bulk service
 Type of settlement:
provision requirements and feasibility. Discuss
Lebanon forestry settlement (public); land ownership options with private land
Kromvlei (private); owners.

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-11

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

Table 5.5: RDA 3: Salandra and Environs restaurant, other rural businesses
RDA 3: Salandra and Environs (Refer to Plan 5.3)  Land uses (existing):

Spatial informants (sub-regional context): Spatial proposals:

This RDA was selected on the basis of the extent to which non-agricultural and Salandra, Velaphi and
non place-bound land uses have developed. Marremana

 Settlement status: Retain existing land use activities

Existing land use and
development: Salandra is proposed as a new rural node

 Settlements Salandra; Velaphi; Marremana Polo Estate  Proposed land uses: None

 Connecting routes R43  Implementation: Compile a framework plan for Salandra and
delineate an urban edge. Determine land
 Rural activity route R43 from Velaphi to N2 development opportunities for Velaphi.
 Zones of Influence: Area within 5 km of Salandra, including Botrivier, Investigate bulk service provision requirements
Velaphi, Salandra and Marremana polo estate and feasibility. Investigate land swop options
for Velaphi.
 Local significance: Extremely good accessibility to Salandra from
the N2, R43 and its gateway location to the
coastal resorts.

Spatial informants (local

context): Velaphi (public) Marremana polo estate
(private) Salandra (private)
 Type of settlement:
Velaphi – rural settlement (outspan)

Marremana polo estate – vacant

Salandra – filling station, tourist shop,

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-12

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

Table 5.6: RDA 4: Theewaterskloof Dam and Environs Theewaterskloof Resort (public)

RDA 4: Theewaterskloof Dam and Environs (Refer to Plan 5.4) Dennehof (holiday accommodation)

 Land uses (existing): Theewaterskloof Country Club (private

Spatial informants (sub-regional context):
residential golf Estate)
This RDA has been selected on the basis of the concentration of resort based
Swartstomp (holiday housing)
developments located along the eastern share of the dam.
Theewaterskloof Resort (boat club, holiday
Existing land use and accommodation)
development:
Spatial proposals:
 Settlements Dennehof; Theewaterskloof Country Club;
Swartstomp; Theewaterkloof resort  Settlement status: Theewaterskloof Resort is proposed as a new
rural node, including Waterval Farm
 Connecting routes R43
 Proposed land uses: Public / private sector investment proposed
 Rural activity route R43 from Dennehof to Theewaterskloof into improvement of tourism and recreational
Country Club potential

 Zones of Influence: Three resorts within 5km of Dennehof (public)  Implementation: Compile a framework plan for the eastern
shores of the dam to promote suitable and
 Local significance: Resorts are concentrated mainly on the eastern sustainable tourism development. Delineate
shore of the dam. The R43 provides excellent an urban edge for the Theewaterskloof resort
accessibility to the dam for usage as a and determine land development
recreational resource. opportunities. Encourage private / public
sector investment within this node.
Spatial informants (local
context): Dennehof (public);

 Type of settlement: Theewaterskloof Country Club (private)

Swartstomp (private)

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-13

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

5.8 OVERBERG DISTRICT: RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The Department of Rural Development and Land Reform has launched the
‘Agri-Park Initiative’. An Agri-Park is a networked innovation system of agro-
production, processing, logistics, marketing, training and extension services,
located in District Municipalities. As a network, it enables the growth of market-
driven commodity value chains and contributes to the achievement of rural
economic transformation. The Agri-Park will comprise of three basic units:

 The Farmer Production Support Unit (FPSU) is a rural outreach unit

connected with the Agri-hub. The FPSU does primary collection, some
storage, some processing for the local market, and extension services
including mechanisation;

 The Agri-Hub Unit is a production, equipment hire, processing, packaging,

logistics and training (demonstration) unit;

 The Rural Urban Market Centre Unit has three main purposes, namely
linking rural, urban and international markets through contracts; acts as a
holding-facility, releasing produce to urban markets based on seasonal Figure 5.1: Overberg District Rural Development Plan
trends; and provides market intelligence and information feedback, to the
AH and FPSU, using latest Information and communication technologies. 5.9 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

The Overberg District Municipality Agri-Park will be a catalyst for rural economic Agricultural land should generally be protected from developments that render
development/industrialisation ensuring development and growth to improve the land less suitable for agriculture. Land currently classified firstly as
the lives of all communities in the district. The Agri-Park has identified ‘cultivated, permanent and temporary, commercial, irrigated’ or secondly
Bredasdorp as the location of the main Agri-Hub and Grabouw, Villiersdorp and classified as ‘cultivated, temporary, commercial dry land’, should only in
Genadendal as locations for FPSUs. These three FPSUs are discussed under each exceptional circumstances be used for non-agricultural purposes.
settlement’s subsection (Refer to subsections 7.4.4, 8.4.4 and 12.4.4). Refer to 5.9.1 Background
Figure 5.1 for the location of the identified Agri-Hub and FPSUs within the
Overberg District. The natural resources of South Africa are a national asset, which is essential for
the economic welfare of present and future generations. Economic
development and national food security depend on the availability of productive
and fertile agricultural land, and are threatened by the demand for land for

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-14

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

residential and industrial development. Urban and rural planning needs to be species). Farming areas form a logical spatial planning unit to co-ordinate a
integrated rather than implemented in sectoral and fragmentary manner. The range of related matters, such as:
use of agricultural land for other purposes should therefore be minimised.
 Water usage and catchment management;
5.9.2 Key Issues
 Access to markets;
 Protection of prime and unique agricultural land;
 Sharing of rural economic resources, i.e. schools, clinics, road transport;
 Optimising opportunities within rural development areas (RDA’s) (refer to
 Providing input to the IDP process;
subsection 5.6) and developing agricultural strategies for farming
districts;  Co-ordinating of off-farm rural settlement planning;
 Identification of land to develop sustainable small scale farming practices.  Formulation of a common goal by all stakeholders and develop a shared
vision farming and conservation objectives;
5.9.3 Farming Areas
 Focus on natural systems and ecological processes to sustain resources;
Protection of agricultural resources can best be achieved on a local level
through planning on a farming area basis. Farming areas are geographic and  Strive to balance natural resources with social and economic needs;
agricultural homogenous areas grouped together on the basis of their common
resource base characteristics. Existing farming areas are:  Incorporate environmental corridors.

 The Elgin/Grabouw farming area; 5.9.4 Green Industries

 Villiersdorp/Vyeboom areas; The objective of this section is merely to highlight the potential of agriculture in
producing alternative sources of energy. The implication and spatial significance
 Botrivier Valley; of these alternatives will require further investigation.
 Kleinrivier Mountain area; (i) Bio-fuels
 Tesselaarsdal area; The extensive production of wheat and barley in the area put farmers in an
advantage position for the production of bio-fuels. Fuels are derived from
 Riviersonderend Valley;
agricultural crops and therefore inherently renewable. There are many eco-
 Rûens. benefits in replacing oil with bio-fuels like ethanol and bio-diesel. The
disadvantages include the extent/size of the area required to produce enough
Area wide planning strives to find common ground within different communities
crops to make a difference in replacing diesel with bio-diesel, the impact on
where competition for resources and resource use issues exist (i.e. erosion,
food security and the implications of the price of food as a result of an increase
water logging, water quality, water supplies and protection of endangered
in the price of oil.

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-15

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

Bio-fuel is used for motor vehicles and as Ethanol-based products for use in  Presently irrigated;
stoves and lamps as a healthier, safer and more efficient alternative to paraffin
 Moisture availability;
and coal. Bio-fuels could therefore have an important place in the development
of rural areas.  Soil type, soil depth and soil texture;
(ii) Organic Farming  “Scarcity” factor.
Organic farming combines scientific knowledge of ecology and modern Development proposals within the rural hinterland should be accompanied by
technology with traditional farming practices based on biological processes. an agricultural potential study to determine if high potential and unique
Principle methods of organic farming include crop rotation, green manures and agricultural land will be affected. These lands are important for future food
compost, biological pest control and mechanical cultivation. Farming is generally security and should be protected from inappropriate development.
labour intensive and the scale of operations varies from 0.4 ha to 40 ha. It is
often associated with locally grown produce, farmers markets and fresh 5.10 FORESTRY AREAS
produce. 5.10.1 Introduction
Organic farming can be implemented on large commercial farming enterprises, The MTO Group forest property is in state ownership. The operation and
but also on small scale. The study area’s comparative advantages of good harvesting is the contractual responsibility of MTO.
climate, fertile soil and proximity to water resources, provides the opportunity
for small growers and commercial farmers to develop organic crops for new The topography, steep hills, climate and soils in the western extent of the
markets. municipal area contribute towards its significance as a commercial forest
production area.
(iii) Wind power
Forestry as an industry could pay a major role in the economic growth and
Wind power generation uses a natural and virtually inexhaustible source of future development of especially rural areas. TWKM should be supported to
power to produce electricity. Wind power is arguably available everywhere, but include forestry enterprises in Integrated Development Plans and Spatial
the emphasis for TWKM is to put in place all necessary land use management Development Frameworks.
guidelines for preferred areas/zones for the development and necessary
incentives in support for such a strategy, to attract potential independent power 5.10.2 Strategies: MTO Forestry Areas
producers.
(i) Determine Land Availability
5.9.5 Prime and Unique Agricultural Land
To secure land for development purposes, TWKM should seek to determine the
Prime or unique agricultural land is identified in terms of the following criteria: availability of land and the requirements for securing the land.

 Absence of restrictions on cultivation;

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-16

THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT

(ii) Investigate Development Possibilities

The most appropriately located MTO properties for urban development

purposes are in Grabouw.

Other MTO land portions not located close to Grabouw could be developed for
resort purposes, thereby contributing towards funds and income to address the
urgent development needs of the previously disadvantaged in Grabouw or other
towns. The most desirable of these is the property near the Grabouw Country
Club next to the Eikenhof Dam.

(iii) Investigate Emerging Farmer Development Possibilities

Similar to the above, appropriately located land where soil and water resources
are available could be developed to address the shortage of public land for the
development of emerging farmers.

FINAL: NOVEMBER 2019 URBAN DYNAMICS WESTERN CAPE 5-17