TABLE OF CONTENTS – PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE

CHAPTER 12
FILE NO. TITLE DATE

TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INTRODUCTION

[Link]-1 Table of Contents - Chapter 12 ........................................................... 31Oct2023

[Link]-2 Table of Contents - Chapter 12 ........................................................... 31Oct2023
[Link]-3 Table of Contents - Chapter 12 ........................................................... 31Oct2023
[Link]-4 Table of Contents - Chapter 12 ........................................................... 28Apr2023
[Link]-5 Table of Contents - Chapter 12 ........................................................... 30Apr2019
[Link]-6 Table of Contents - Chapter 12 ........................................................... 31Oct2023
12.00-1 Introduction - Chapter 12..................................................................... 31Oct2018
12.00-2 Introduction - Chapter 12..................................................................... 31Oct2018

REINFORCEMENT

12.01-1 General Information............................................................................. 29Apr2022

12.01-2 General Information............................................................................. 15Oct2015
12.01-3 Strand Properties and Design Strengths............................................. 29Apr2022
12.01-4 Strand Properties and Design Strengths ............................................ 29Apr2022
12.01-5 Prestress Losses ................................................................................. 31Oct2018
12.01-6 Prestress Losses ................................................................................. 31Oct2018
12.01-7 Prestress Losses ................................................................................ 31Oct2018
12.01-8 Draping of Strands / Hold-Down Forces ............................................. 15Oct2015
12.01-9 Draping of Strands / Hold-Down Forces ............................................. 15Oct2015
12.01-10 Draping of Strands / Hold-Down Forces ........................................... 18May2016
12.01-11 Debonding of Strands.......................................................................... 30Oct2020
12.01-12 Debonding of Strands.......................................................................... 30Oct2020
12.01-13 Debonding of Strands.......................................................................... 30Oct2020

MISCELLANEOUS BEAM DETAILS

12.02-1 Camber Computations ....................................................................... 03May2018

12.02-2 Camber Computations ........................................................................ 31Oct2018
12.02-3 Bolster Computations .......................................................................... 30Apr2021
12.02-4 Dead Load Deflection Diagram ........................................................... 14Jun2010
12.02-5 Top of Slab Elevations Along Centerline Beams ................................ 14Jun2010

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11.

PART 2
PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE DATE: 31Oct2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS – CHAPTER 12 SHEET 1 of 6
FILE NO. [Link]-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS – PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE

CHAPTER 12
FILE NO. TITLE DATE

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BULB-T’S

12.03-1 General Information............................................................................. 31Oct2018

12.03-2 General Information............................................................................. 28Apr2023
12.03-3 General Information............................................................................. 31Oct2018
12.03-4 Top Flange Sleeve Details for Deck Drains ........................................ 31Oct2018
12.03-5 Section Properties ............................................................................... 31Oct2018
12.03-6 Preliminary Design Chart Parameters................................................. 29Apr2022
12.03-7 Preliminary Design Chart Parameters................................................. 31Oct2018
12.03-8 Preliminary Design Chart (f’c = 6 ksi).................................................. 31Oct2018
12.03-9 Preliminary Design Chart (f’c = 8 ksi).................................................. 31Oct2018
12.03-10 Preliminary Design Chart (f’c = 10 ksi)................................................ 31Oct2018

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE I-BEAMS

12.04-1 General Information............................................................................. 28Apr2023

12.04-2 General Information............................................................................. 15Oct2015
12.04-3 Section Properties ............................................................................... 15Oct2015
12.04-4 Section Properties ............................................................................... 15Oct2015
12.04-5 Section Properties ............................................................................... 15Oct2015
12.04-6 Preliminary Design Chart Parameters................................................. 29Apr2022
12.04-7 Preliminary Design Chart Parameters................................................. 30Jan2018
12.04-8 Preliminary Design Chart .................................................................... 30Jan2018

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS

12.05-1 General Information............................................................................. 28Apr2023

12.05-2 General Information............................................................................. 31Oct2023
12.05-3 General Information.............................................................................28Dec2016
12.05-4 General Information............................................................................. 28Apr2023
12.05-5 Section Properties and Strand Pattern Layout....................................28Dec2016
12.05-6 Section Properties and Strand Pattern Layout....................................28Dec2016
12.05-7 Preliminary Design Chart Parameters................................................. 29Apr2022
12.05-8 Preliminary Design Chart Parameters.................................................28Dec2016
12.05-9 Preliminary Design Chart ....................................................................28Dec2016
12.05-10 Longitudinal Shear Key Detail – Transverse Tendons........................ 28Apr2023
12.05-11 Longitudinal Shear Key Detail – VAMC Details .................................. 28Apr2023
* 12.05-12 Sample Erection Diagram; Transverse Tendons; Skew > 10°;
Staged Construction ............................................................................ 30Apr2019
* 12.05-13 Sample Erection Diagram; VAMC Details; Skew > 10°; Staged
Construction ........................................................................................ 30Apr2019

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11.

PART 2
PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE DATE: 31Oct2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS – CHAPTER 12 SHEET 2 of 6
FILE NO. [Link]-2
TABLE OF CONTENTS – PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE

CHAPTER 12
FILE NO. TITLE DATE

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS

12.06-1 General Information.............................................................................28Dec2016

12.06-2 General Information............................................................................. 28Apr2023
12.06-3 General Information............................................................................. 31Oct2023
12.06-4 General Information.............................................................................28Dec2016
12.06-5 General Information............................................................................. 28Apr2023
12.06-6 Section Properties ...............................................................................28Dec2016
12.06-7 Preliminary Design Chart Parameters................................................. 29Apr2022
12.06-8 Preliminary Design Chart Parameters.................................................28Dec2016
12.06-9 Preliminary Design Chart ....................................................................28Dec2016
12.06-10 Longitudinal Shear Key Detail – Transverse Tendons........................ 28Apr2023
12.06-11 Longitudinal Shear Key Detail – VAMC Details .................................. 28Apr2023
* 12.06-12 Sample Erection Diagram; Transverse Tendons; Skew > 10°;
Staged Construction............................................................................ 30Apr2019
* 12.06-13 Sample Erection Diagram; VAMC Details; Skew > 10°; Staged
Construction ........................................................................................ 30Apr2019

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INVERTED T-BEAMS

12.07-1 General Information............................................................................. 28Apr2023

12.07-2 General Information............................................................................. 30Jan2018
12.07-3 Section Properties and Strand Pattern Layout.................................... 30Jan2018
12.07-4 Section Properties and Strand Pattern Layout.................................... 30Jan2018
12.07-5 Design Considerations ........................................................................ 30Jan2018
12.07-6 Design Considerations ........................................................................ 30Jan2018
12.07-7 Design Considerations ........................................................................ 31Oct2018
12.07-8 Preliminary Design Criteria.................................................................. 29Apr2022
12.07-9 Preliminary Design Criteria.................................................................. 30Jan2018
12.07-10 Transverse Connection Details Between Beams................................ 30Jan2018
12.07-11 End Anchorage Zone Design .............................................................. 31Oct2018
12.07-12 Roughened Surface ............................................................................ 30Jan2018
12.07-13 Daping Flange Corners ....................................................................... 30Jan2018
* 12.07-14 Non-Welded Transverse Connection Sample Sheet .......................... 30Apr2019

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11.

PART 2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS – CHAPTER 12 SHEET 3 of 6
FILE NO. [Link]-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS – PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE

CHAPTER 12
FILE NO. TITLE DATE

PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN

12.12-1 General Information............................................................................. 31Oct2018

12.12-2 Bulb-T Reinforcement Details ............................................................. 15Oct2015
12.12-3 Bulb-T Reinforcement Details ............................................................. 15Oct2015
12.12-4 Bulb-T Design Tables.......................................................................... 15Oct2015
12.12-5 Bulb-T Design Tables.......................................................................... 15Oct2015
12.12-6 Bulb-T Design Tables.......................................................................... 15Oct2015
12.12-7 Bulb-T Design Tables.......................................................................... 15Oct2015
12.12-8 Bulb-T Design Tables.......................................................................... 15Oct2015
12.12-9 Instructions for Use of Cells for Standard PCBT-MISC2 .................... 15Oct2015
12.12-10 Instructions for Use of Cells for Standard PCBT-MISC2 .................... 15Oct2015

ERECTION DIAGRAM SHEET

12.13-1 General Information.............................................................................. 31Jul2009

* 12.13-2 Sample Sheet for Simple and Cont. Spans w/ Non-Integral
Abutments, Skew > 20° and Steel Intermediate Diaphragms ............. 30Apr2019
* 12.13-3 Sample Sheet for Cont. Span w/ Full Integral Abutments,
Skew < 20°, Conc. Intermediate Diaphragms and Utility Line ............ 30Apr2019
* 12.13-4 Sample Sheet for Cont. Span w/ Semi-Integral
Abutments, Skew < 20° and Steel Intermediate Diaphragms ............. 30Apr2019
* 12.13-5 Sample Sheet for Simple and Repetitive Cont. Spans w/ Semi-Integral
Abutment, Skew < 20° and Steel Intermediate Diaphragms............... 30Apr2019
* 12.13-6 Sample Sheet for Curved Bridge - Layout on Common Chord........... 30Apr2019
* 12.13-7 Sample Sheet for Curved Bridge – Layout on Span Chords .............. 30Apr2019
12.13-8 Check List............................................................................................ 30Apr2019
12.13-9 Check List............................................................................................ 30Apr2019

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11.

PART 2
PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE DATE: 30Apr2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS – CHAPTER 12 SHEET 5 of 6
FILE NO. [Link]-5
TABLE OF CONTENTS – PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE

CHAPTER 12
FILE NO. TITLE DATE

SAMPLE PLAN ASSEMBLY

12.14-1 General Information............................................................................. 15Oct2015

* 12.14-2 Sample Plan Sheet - Erection Diagram and Top of Slab Elevations
Sheet ................................................................................................... 30Apr2019
* 12.14-3 Sample Plan Sheet - Beam Detail Sheet ............................................ 28Apr2023
* 12.14-4 Sample Plan Sheet - Miscellaneous Beam Details Sheet .................. 31Oct2023
* 12.14-5 Sample Plan Sheet - Miscellaneous Beam Details Sheet .................. 31Oct2018
* 12.14-6 Sample Plan Sheet - Steel Intermediate Diaphragm Details .............. 31Oct2018
* 12.14-7 Sample Plan Sheet - Closure Diaphragm Details ............................... 28Apr2023
12.14-8 Check List............................................................................................ 15Oct2015
12.14-9 Check List............................................................................................ 15Oct2015

CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I-BEAMS

12.15-1 General Information............................................................................. 31Oct2018

12.15-2 General Information............................................................................. 31Oct2018
12.15-3 Positive Moment Closure Diaphragm Details - Fixed.......................... 15Oct2015
12.15-4 Positive Moment Closure Diaphragm Details - Fixed.......................... 31Oct2018
12.15-5 Positive Moment Closure Diaphragm Details - Fixed.......................... 15Oct2015
12.15-6 Positive Moment Closure Diaphragm Details - Expansion ................. 15Oct2015
12.15-7 Positive Moment Closure Diaphragm Details - Expansion ................. 15Oct2015
12.15-8 Positive Moment Closure Diaphragm Details - Expansion ................. 15Oct2015
12.15-9 Plan View of Closure Diaphragms....................................................... 15Oct2015

POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE

12.16-1 General Information.............................................................................28Dec2016

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8 ½ x 11

PART 2
PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE DATE: 31Oct2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS – CHAPTER 12 SHEET 6 of 6
FILE NO. [Link]-6
 INTRODUCTION

It is the intent of this chapter to establish the practices and specific requirements of the Structure
and Bridge Division for the design and detailing of prestressed and post-tensioned concrete
members. It will also provide design aids and other sources of information along with cross
references to other Parts of this manual to assist in the design and preparation of plans.

References to AASHTO LRFD specifications in this chapter refer to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications including current VDOT Modifications (IIM-S&B-80).

The practices and specific requirements contained in this chapter have been established based
on the Structure and Bridge Division’s experience, industry standards and recommendations, and
technological advancements made over the years.

The practices and requirements set forth herein are intended to supplement or clarify the
requirements of the AASHTO LRFD specifications, and to provide additional information to assist
the designer. In the event of conflict(s) between the practices and requirements set forth herein
and those contained in the AASHTO LRFD specifications, the more stringent requirements shall
govern.

This chapter in the manual contains specific requirements and/or guidelines for the detailing of
various prestressed and post-tensioned concrete components. It is not the intent of these
requirements and guidelines to supercede the requirements contained in Chapter 1 of this
manual but to convey necessary information to the designer for the detailing of prestressed and
post-tensioned concrete components.

Prestressed concrete deck panels shall not be permitted for use as stay-in-place forms for steel
and prestressed concrete girders/beams.

Standard sheets and cell libraries dealing with the details in this chapter can be found in other
Parts of this manual as follows:

Part 1 – Manual Overview and Use

Part 3 – Current Details
Part 4 – Prestressed Concrete Beam Standards
Part 5 – Prestressed Concrete Adjacent Member Standards

It is expected that the users of this chapter will adhere to the practices and requirements stated
herein.

Several major changes and/or additions to the past office practice (Part 2) are as follows:

1. Added camber at erection to camber computations and revised calculations and

tolerances in bolster computations in Section 12.02.

2. Required design approval for concrete compressive strengths greater than 8,000 psi and
up to 10,000 psi and added Design Requirement to Section 12.03.

3. Permitted debonded strand use only for prestressed concrete bulb-T beams.

PART 2
PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE DATE: 31Oct2018
INTRODUCTION - CHAPTER 12 SHEET 1 of 2
FILE NO. 12.00-1
 Several major changes and/or additions to the past office practice (Part 2) are as follows (cont’d.):

4. Revised top flange sleeve material for deck drains to specify fiberglass reinforced epoxy
pipe sleeves in place of galvanized steel.

5. Revised bridge layout points to line thru center of bearings/piles.

th
6. Update AASHTO LRFD specification article references to match 8 Edition locations.

NOTE:

Due to various restrictions on placing files in this manual onto the Internet, portions of the
drawings shown do not necessarily reflect the correct line weights, line types, fonts, arrowheads,
etc. Wherever discrepancies occur, the written text shall take precedence over any of the drawn
view.

PART 2
PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE DATE: 31Oct2018
INTRODUCTION - CHAPTER 12 SHEET 2 of 2
FILE NO. 12.00-2
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART PARAMETERS (CONT.’D):
Design parameters used for the development of the preliminary chart include the following
(continued):

Concrete Stress limits: ( ) ( )

o Release W/ Reinforcement: 7.5 × 0.24 ×

o Release Tension (Top): 3× 0.0948 ×

o Release Tension (Bottom): 0 psi 0 ksi
o Release Compression: 0.6 × 0.6 ×

o Service Tension* (Top): 6× 0.19 ×

o Service Tension* (Bottom): 6× 0.19 ×

o Service Compression: 0.6 × 0.6 ×

*Moderate corrosion conditions assumed for top and bottom of beam

Lifting stress calculations follow the methodology and recommendations found in the draft of
the PCI Lateral Stability Guidelines for Prestressed Concrete Members using the following:

o 20 mph wind load with a pressure of 2 psf

o Lift connection rigid extension above top of beam = 0”

o Lift connection tolerance from centerline of beam = 0.25”

o Rebound = 0%

o Vertical pickup from lifting embedments (2 point pick-up or single point with spreader bar)

o A minimum factor of safety of 1.5 against both cracking and failure during lifting

o Lift connection locations were placed within a distance of 2/3H from the beam end if a
minimum factor of safety of 1.5 for both cracking and failure can be maintained. For
cases where a minimum factor of safety of 1.5 could not be maintained, lifting connection
locations were increased up to the minimum of 4/3H and 0.07 x (beam length).

A circle in the preliminary design chart indicates a case where lifting locations were
adjusted beyond 2/3 H for the span length shown to satisfy the minimum factor of safety.

Release strength and the draped/straight strand pattern will affect lifting stresses and
changes may facilitate obtaining the minimum factor of safety for a given span.

Prestressing of any straight strands in the top flange are not accounted for in the preliminary
design runs. Designer should approximate straight strands and check both with and without
during final beam design.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 30Jan2018
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE I-BEAMS SHEET 7 of 8
PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART PARAMETERS FILE NO. 12.04-7
 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLAB SECTIONS:
The prestressed concrete voided slab sections used by the Structure and Bridge Division and
listed in File No. 12.05-5 along with their section properties are taken from the AASHTO/PCI
standard voided slab sections with modifications made to the longitudinal shear key details and
width of end diaphragms.

Prestressed concrete voided slabs shall not be used on bridges with the following roadway
functional classifications:

 Freeways

 Urban/Rural Principal Arterial

Prestressed concrete voided slabs may be used on all other roadway functional classifications as
follows:

Design Year ADT Design Year ADTT Deck / Overlay

≤ 4000 ≤ 100 Asphalt Overlay (Secondary System only) *

Concrete deck 5” thick with single layer of
> 4000 100 < ADTT ≤ 200
reinforcement
Concrete deck 7 ½” thick with two layers of
> 4000 > 200
reinforcement

* Asphalt overlays are prohibited for structures on the Primary System regardless of the roadway
functional classification and Design Year ADT. Concrete decks shall be used for structures
utilizing prestressed concrete voided slabs on the Primary System.

For Prestressed Concrete Voided Slab Preliminary Design Chart, see File Nos. 12.05-7 thru -9.

Concrete:

Concrete used in the design of prestressed concrete voided slabs shall be Class A5 having a
minimum 28 day compressive strength of 5000 psi. Lightweight concrete may be used. Self
consolidating concrete is permitted.

The minimum compressive strength of concrete at release shall be 4000 psi and shall be
specified in the General Notes shown on the title sheet of the plans.

Reinforcement:

All prestressed and non-prestressed reinforcement used in the fabrication and design of
prestressed concrete voided slabs shall conform to the requirements contained in
File Nos. 12.01-1 and -2 and as specified below.

Prestressing strands used in the design of prestressed concrete voided slabs shall normally be
designed using 0.6” diameter prestressing strands.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Apr2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 1 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.05-1
 COMPOSITE CONCRETE DECK:
For composite prestressed construction where the concrete deck (minimum thickness, 7.5”) is
assumed to act integrally with the prestressed concrete voided slab section, shear transfer
reinforcement shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of contained in Article 5.7.4 of
the AASHTO LRFD specifications shall be used.

Concrete:

Concrete used in the concrete deck shall be Class A4 having a minimum 28 day compressive
strength of 4000 psi.

Reinforcement:

The minimum reinforcement in the concrete deck as follows:

For 5” thick deck, one layer of #4 @ 12” in both directions;

For 7 ½” thick deck, two layers of #4 @ 12” in both directions;

For multiple spans, additional #4 @ 12” over piers extending at least to the quarter points of
adjacent spans.

VOID FORMS:
All formwork shall conform to the requirements contained in Section 405.05(a) of the VDOT Road
and Bridge Specifications and as specified below.

The material used to form internal voids for voided slab sections shall be expanded polystyrene
having a maximum water absorption (by volume) rate of 10%.

The use of waxed-coated cardboard tubes shall not be permitted.

TRANSVERSE POST-TENSIONED TENDONS:

When the length of transverse tendon required is < 20 feet, tendons shall be 11/4” diameter
galvanized structural rods conforming to ASTM A449 with threaded ends.

When the length of transverse tendon required is ≥ 20 feet, tendons may be either 1/2” diameter
coated, low-relaxation Grade 270 strand (Polystrand or equal) or 11/4” diameter galvanized
structural rods conforming to ASTM A449 with threaded ends.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 31Oct2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 2 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.05-2
 TRANSVERSE CONNECTION DETAIL TYPES:
Two types of transverse connection details are available for use for prestressed concrete voided
slabs: Transverse Tendon and Virginia Adjacent Member Connections (VAMC).

For asphalt overlays, VAMC details shall be used where skew exceeds 10 degrees. For the
remaining cases, contact the District Structure and Bridge Engineer for design approval on which
detail type to use.

Transverse Tendon Details:

Transverse Tendon details use coated, low-relaxation Grade 270 strand (Polystrand or equal) or
galvanized structural rods running through the slabs. For skews < 10°, tendons can extend
through all members on skew and shear keys shall be grouted with Engineered Cementitious
Concrete (ECC) prior to post-tensioning. For skews > 10°, galvanized structural rods
perpendicular to the slab centerline shall be used connecting 2 members at a time. Grouting of
shear keys with ECC shall take place after post-tensioning for skews > 10°.

See File No. 12.05-12 for sample Erection Diagram sheet illustrating details utilizing transverse
tendons details with skew > 10°.

VAMC Details:

VAMC details use blockouts along interior edges of slabs for placing bars across the shear key
interface at 2’-0” intervals. Very High Performance Concrete (VHPC) is used to fill the shear key
and block out area to fully develop the bars. The overall longitudinal VAMC blockout dimension is
to extend between 0.25 and 0.75 of the span rounded up to an even 6-foot interval. This interval
allows the use of reusable standard blockout forms with slits at 2’-0” intervals to accommodate
the top slab bars extending into the blockout area. See File No. 12.05-11 for blockout
dimentsions.

Increase design construction tolerance allowance from 10 to 17 psf when VAMC details are used.

See File No. 12.05-13 for sample Erection Diagram sheet illustrating details utilizing VAMC
details with skew > 10°.

TRANSVERSE TENDON OR INTERNAL DIAPHRAGM SPACING:

The spacing of transverse post-tensioned tendons shall be as follows:

 For ends of prestressed concrete voided slabs constrained from lateral movement by
wing haunches cast tight against the slabs:

For spans ≤ 30 feet: at mid-span (1 tie)

For spans ≤ 60 feet: at 1/3 points (2 ties)

For spans > 60 feet: at 1/4 points (3 ties)

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 3 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.05-3
 TRANSVERSE TENDON OR INTERNAL DIAPHRAGM SPACING (Cont’d):
The spacing of transverse post-tensioned tendons shall be as follows (cont’d):

 For ends of prestressed concrete voided slabs not constrained from lateral movement:

For spans ≤ 30 feet: at mid-span and at each end (3 ties)

For spans ≤ 60 feet: at 1/3 points and at each end (4 ties)

For spans > 60 feet: at 1/4 points and at each end (5 ties)

Transverse tendons are not required when VAMC details are used, but solid sections (breaks in
voids serving as interior diaphragms) are required at the same intervals.

WATERPROOFING REQUIREMENTS:
For prestressed concrete voided slabs that will not be protected by a 5” minimum cast-in-place
deck slab (i.e., asphalt overlay):

The entire deck (i.e., the top surfaces of voided slabs) shall be waterproofed in accordance
with the requirements of Sections 405 and 416 of VDOT’s Road and Bridge Specifications.

For all prestressed concrete voided slabs:

Exterior side of exterior slabs, including drip bead, shall be waterproofed at precast
fabrication plant with a two coat epoxy resin system. All areas damaged during shipment and
erection shall be repaired after erection.

For waterproofing longitudinal shear keys, see File No. 12.05-10 and -11.

S&B STANDARD DETAIL SHEETS AND CELL LIBRARIES:

Standards for prestressed concrete voided slabs, PST series, Transverse Tendons, and PSV
series, Virginia Alternate Member Connection (VAMC) details, are located in Part 5 of this manual
along with the corresponding cell libraries.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Apr2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 4 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.05-4
 Moment Weight
Void Net Section
Width Depth A B C E of @
Diameter Area Modulus
Inertia 150 pcf

W D (in) Anet I S
(ft) (in) D1 D2 (in) (in) (in) (in) (in2) (in4) (in3) (lbs/lin. ft.)
3 15 8 - 10 16 7.5 6 439 9725 1296 457
3 18 10 - 10 16 9 7.5 491 16514 1835 511
3 21 12 - 10 16 10.5 9 530 25747 2452 552
4 15 8 8 10 14 7.5 6 569 12897 1720 593
4 18 10 10 10 14 9 7.5 628 21855 2428 654
4 21 12 10 10 14 10.5 9 703 34517 3287 733

Weight provided is for section with voids and shear keys. Solid sections for transverse tendons/internal
diaphragms should be entered as point loads and filled shear key weight as uniform load for design.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 5 of 13
SECTION PROPERTIES AND STRAND PATTERN LAYOUT FILE NO. 12.05-5
 All strand positions shall be on a 2” by 2” grid including any courtesy strand locations. For slabs
with drainage inserts or anchor bolt sleeves, additional strand positions will not be feasible and
the Designer shall identify additional conflicts and not detail strands in those positions.

STRAND PATTERN LAYOUT – TRANSVERSE TENDONS

Max. Number of Strands Per Row Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6
Slab

Row 1

Row 2

Row 3

Row 4

Row 5

Row 6
Size
(in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in)
3’-0” x 15” 14 8 0 2 6 6 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 8¼ 10 ¼ 12 ¼
3’-0” x 18” 14 8 0 2 6 6 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 10 ¼ 12 ¼ 14 ¼
3’-0” x 21 14 8 4 2 8 10 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 14 ¼ 16 ¼ 18 ¼
4’-0” x 15” 20 10 0 2 6 8 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 8¼ 10 ¼ 12 ¼
4’-0” x 18” 20 10 0 2 4 8 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 10 ¼ 12 ¼ 14 ¼
4’-0” x 21” 20 12 6 2 8 16 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 12 ¼ 16 ¼ 18 ¼

Number and distances shown are for interior slabs with transverse tendon sleeves (i.e., no
tendon blockouts) at positions shown in Section Property table on File No. 12.05-5. For slabs
with tendon blockouts (exterior slabs or interior slabs with skews > 10°), additional strand
positions will not be feasible and shall be identified by the Designer.

STRAND PATTERN LAYOUT – VIRGINIA ADJACENT MEMBER CONNECTION (VAMC)

Max. Number of Strands Per Row Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6
Slab
Row 1

Row 2

Row 3

Row 4

Row 5

Row 6

Size
(in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in)
3’-0” x 15” 14 8 4 2 4 4 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 8¼ 10 ¼ 12 ¼
3’-0” x 18” 14 8 4 4 2 4 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 10 ¼ 12 ¼ 14 ¼
3’-0” x 21 14 8 4 2 4 6 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 12 ¼ 16 ¼ 18 ¼
4’-0” x 15” 20 10 4 2 4 8 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 8¼ 10 ¼ 12 ¼
4’-0” x 18” 20 10 4 4 2 6 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 10 ¼ 12 ¼ 14 ¼
4’-0” x 21” 20 12 6 2 6 12 2¼ 4¼ 6¼ 12 ¼ 16 ¼ 18 ¼

Number and distances shown account for VAMC blockouts and stirrup shape.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 6 of 13
SECTION PROPERTIES AND STRAND PATTERN LAYOUT FILE NO. 12.05-6
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART PARAMETERS:
The Voided Slab Preliminary Design Chart is intended to assist the designer in selecting the most
economical voided slab unit for a particular span length and design Average Daily Truck Traffic.
The preliminary chart is not intended to provide a final slab unit design.

The Voided Slab Preliminary Design Chart was developed in accordance with the AASHTO
LRFD 7th Edition Specifications and VDOT Structure and Bridge IIM 80.5 VDOT Modifications to
the AASHTO LRFD 7th Edition, using LEAP Bridge Enterprise – ConSpan Version [Link].

Design parameters used for the development of the preliminary design chart include the
following:

 Voided slab units are designed as simply supported, typical interior unit

 Targeted flexural performance ratio of 0.9 (acceptable range of performance ratios 0.88 to
0.92)

 Grade 270 low relaxation seven-wire strands with a 1/2” diameter are used with the standard
strand grid and a 4” minimum side distance to the center of the first strand. Designers should
use 0.6” diameter strand, 3” minimum side distance and leave the strand position in stirrup
corners empty per current requirements.

 Concrete 28-day compressive strength of 5000 psi, with a 4000 psi release strength

 Non-composite dead loads include: 10 psf construction tolerance load. Designers shall use
17 psf where Virginia Adjacent Member Connection details are used.

 Wearing surface depth and types considered:

o 1 7/8” Asphalt Overlay for 3’ wide units or 2 ¼” Asphalt Overlay for 4’ wide units

o 5” Non-Composite Concrete Deck Topping

o 7 ½” Composite Concrete Deck

 No future wearing surface load has been included in the analysis

 Composite dead loads include two barriers (each weighing 425 lbs/ft)

 LRFD Live Load Distributions Factors for moment equal to:

o 3ft wide slab: 0.35

o 4ft wide slab: 0.45

o Shear All Units: AASHTO

 Design Live Load: HL-93

Legal Loads: as specified under Legal Loads (a, b and c) in current IIM-S&B-86

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 29Apr2022
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 7 of 13
PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART PARAMETERS FILE NO. 12.05-7
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART PARAMETERS (Cont’d):
Design parameters used for the development of the preliminary design chart include the
following:

The “Approximate Method” is used in computing time dependent prestressed losses.

“Elastic Gains” are to be neglected in the computation of prestress loss totals.

Concrete Stress limits: ( ) ( )

o Release W/ Reinforcement: 7.5 × 0.24 ×
o Release Tension (Top): 3× 0.0948 ×
o Release Tension (Bottom): 0 psi 0 ksi
o Release Compression: 0.6 × 0.6 ×
o Service Tension* (Top): 6× 0.19 ×
o Service Tension* (Bottom): 6× 0.19 ×
o Service Compression: 0.6 × 0.6 ×

*Moderate corrosion conditions assumed for top and bottom of beam

1ft Beam End Extensions beyond centerline of bearing

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 8 of 13
PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART PARAMETERS FILE NO. 12.05-8
 Preliminary AASHTO Voided Slab Unit Design Chart
Max span lengths based on a flexural performance ratio of 0.90 and f'c=5ksi

SIV-48

SIII-48
AASHTO Voided Slab Unit

SII-48

SIV-36

SIII-36 Deck / Overlay

5" Non Comp.
Asphalt Overlay
SII-36
7.5" Comp.

20 30 40 50 60
Max Span Length (ft)

Maximum Possible Span Length (ft) for f’c = 5 ksi

5" Non-Composite 7.5" Composite

Unit Asphalt Overlay
Concrete Deck Concrete Deck

SII-36 31 30 38
SIII-36 38 37 44
SIV-36 45 44 49
SII-48 32 31 38
SIII-48 39 38 44
SIV-48 46 44 50

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 9 of 13
PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART FILE NO. 12.05-9
 Shear key detail above shown for 21” deep slab void size and precast hole position, similar for
other slabs.

All keyway surfaces shall be cleaned of all dirt, laitance and loose aggregate by means of
sandblasting and prewetted with clean water prior to the grouting of shear keys.

Grout used for shear keys shall be Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC). Grouting of
shear keys shall be done in one continuous operation without interruption for the entire length of
the shear keys for each span.

Surfaces to receive the waterproofing system shall be prepared in accordance with the
requirements of Section 429 of VDOT’s 2016 Road and Bridge Specifications.

Joint fabric from the VDOT New Products Evaluation List under Joint Maintenance and
Waterproofing shall be used. For installation procedures and waterproofing details for asphalt
and concrete overlays, see Standards PST-6A and -6B respectively in Part 5 of this manual.

Post-tensioning of transverse tendons (except where tendons connect two slabs at a time for
bridges on skew) and the casting of parapets shall not be done until the strength of the ECC in
the shear key has reached a compressive strength of at least 4000 psi.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Apr2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 10 of 13
LONGITUDINAL SHEAR KEY DETAIL – TRANSV. TENDONS FILE NO. 12.05-10
 All keyway surfaces shall be cleaned of all dirt, laitance and loose aggregate by means of
sandblasting and prewetted with clean water prior to the filling of shear keys and VAMC
blockouts.

Very High Performance Concrete (VHPC) shall be used to fill shear keys and VAMC blockouts.
Filling of shear keys and VAMC blockouts shall be done in one continuous operation without
interruption for the entire length of the shear keys for each span.

Epoxy and joint fabric shall not be placed until the VHPC has cured for 28 days unless the
Contractor tests trial patches and obtains passing results per Section 431 of VDOT’s 2016 Road
and Bridge Specifications. Surfaces to receive the waterproofing system shall be prepared in
accordance with the requirements of Section 429 of VDOT’s 2016 Road and Bridge
Specifications.

Joint fabric from the VDOT New Products Evaluation List under Joint Maintenance and
Waterproofing shall be used. Two strips are required for the length of the VAMC blockout and a
single strip required for the remaining length of bridge as indicated in the details above. For
installation procedures and waterproofing details for asphalt and concrete overlays, see
Standards PSV-6A and -6B respectively in Part 5 of this manual.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Apr2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE VOIDED SLABS SHEET 11 of 13
LONGITUDINAL SHEAR KEY DETAIL – VAMC DETAILS FILE NO. 12.05-11
 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS:
The prestressed concrete box beam sections used by the Structure and Bridge Division and listed
in File No.12.06-6 along with their section properties are taken from the AASHTO/PCI standard
box beam sections with modifications made to the longitudinal shear key details and width of end
diaphragms.

Prestressed concrete box beams shall not be used on bridges with the following roadway
functional classifications:
 Freeways
 Urban/Rural Principal Arterial

Prestressed concrete box beams may be used on all other roadway functional classifications as
follows:

Design Year ADT Design Year ADTT Deck / Overlay

≤ 4000 ≤ 100 Asphalt Overlay (Secondary System only) *

Concrete deck 5” thick with single layer of
> 4000 100 < ADTT ≤ 200
reinforcement
Concrete deck 7 ½” thick with two layers
> 4000 > 200
of reinforcement

* Asphalt overlays are prohibited for structures on the Primary System regardless of the roadway
functional classification and Design Year ADT. Concrete decks shall be used for structures
utilizing prestressed concrete box beams on the Primary System.

Prestressed concrete box beams shall not be used without a design waiver approved by the State
Structure and Bridge Engineer for use outside the roadway functional classifications and/or
deck/overlay requirements indicated above.

The use of prestressed concrete box beams may be justified when considering, but not limited to,
the following pertinent site specific parameters:

1. Hydraulics

Prestressed concrete box beam spans often provide the shallowest superstructure alternative,
hence the most favorable from a hydraulic perspective. For superstructure replacements, the
shallowest possible superstructure may satisfy an “in-kind” hydraulic analysis thus avoiding
the substantial cost and time of a site survey and a full blown hydraulic analysis.

2. Heavy Debris Laden Streams/Rivers

Prestressed concrete box beam spans provide a smooth bottom to the superstructure which
allows greater passage of debris beneath the structure as opposed to beam/girder spans
which are prone to catching debris beneath the structure thus leading to larger debris
blockages. Debris can no longer be left to continue on its course. Maintenance crews must
remove the debris from the stream, often by the use of a crane and the debris is then trucked
from the site at a considerable monetary cost and opportunity (time) cost to the maintenance
crew. Contact the District Bridge Engineer for information and recommendation.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 1 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.06-1
 3. Rapid Bridge Construction

The time it takes to construct a prestressed concrete box beam superstructure to the extent
that it can provide for the controlled passage of vehicles can be as little as days or even hours
if necessary. Short term closings in lieu of expensive detours can often be negotiated with
the municipality and the immediate community with the benefit of providing substantial project
cost and user cost saving.

PRESTESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAM SECTIONS:

The prestressed concrete box beam sections along with their section properties listed in File No.
12.06-6 are taken from the AASHTO/PCI standard box beam sections with modifications made to
the longitudinal shear key details and thickness of top and bottom flanges.

Concrete:

Concrete used in the design of prestressed concrete box beams shall be Class A5 having a
minimum 28 day compressive strength of 5000 psi. Lightweight concrete may be used . Self
consolidating concrete is permitted.

The minimum compressive strength of concrete required at release to be specified in the General
Notes shown on the front sheet of the plans shall be the computed design value rounded up to
the nearest 100 psi but in no case shall it be less than 4000 psi.

Reinforcement:

All prestressed and non-prestressed reinforcement used in the design and fabrication of
prestressed concrete box beams shall conform to the requirements contained in File Nos. 12.01-1
and -2, and as specified below.

Prestressing strands used in the design of prestressed concrete box beams shall normally be
designed using 0.6” diameter prestressing strands.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Apr2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 2 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.06-2
 COMPOSITE CONCRETE DECK:
For composite prestressed construction where the concrete deck (minimum thickness, 7.5”) is
assumed to act integrally with the prestressed concrete box beam section, shear transfer
reinforcement shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of contained in Article 5.7.4 of
the AASHTO LRFD specifications shall be used.

Concrete:

Concrete used in the concrete deck shall be Class A4 having a minimum 28 day compressive
strength of 4000 psi.

Reinforcement:

The minimum reinforcement in the concrete deck as follows:

For 5” thick deck, one layer of #4 @ 12” in both directions;

For 7 ½” thick deck, two layers of #4 @ 12” in both directions;

For multiple spans, additional #4 @ 12” over piers extending at least to the quarter points of
adjacent spans.

VOID FORMS:
All formwork shall conform to the requirements contained in Section 405.05(a) of the VDOT Road
and Bridge Specifications and as specified below.

The material used to form internal voids for prestressed box beam sections shall be expanded
polystyrene having a maximum water absorption (by volume) rate of 10%.

The use of waxed-coated cardboard tubes shall not be permitted.

TRANSVERSE POST-TENSIONED TENDONS:

When the length of transverse tendon required is < 20 feet, tendons shall be 11/4” diameter
galvanized structural rods conforming to ASTM A449 with threaded ends.

When the length of transverse tendon required is ≥ 20 feet, tendons may be either 1/2” diameter
coated, low-relaxation Grade 270 strand (Polystrand or equal) or 11/4” diameter galvanized
structural rods conforming to ASTM A449 with threaded ends.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 31Oct2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 3 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.06-3
 TRANSVERSE CONNECTION DETAIL TYPES:
Two types of transverse connection details are available for use for prestressed concrete box
beams: Transverse Tendon and Virginia Alternate Member Connections (VAMC).

For asphalt overlays, VAMC details shall be used where skew exceeds 10 degrees. For the
remaining cases, contact the District Structure and Bridge Engineer for design approval on which
detail type to use.

Transverse Tendon Details:

Transverse Tendon details use coated, low-relaxation Grade 270 strand (Polystrand or equal) or
galvanized structural rods running through the beams. For skews < 10°, tendons can extend
through all members on skew and shear keys shall be grouted with Engineered Cementitious
Concrete (ECC) prior to post-tensioning. For skews > 10°, galvanized structural rods
perpendicular to the slab centerline shall be used connecting 2 members at a time. Grouting of
shear keys with ECC shall take place after post-tensioning for skews > 10°.

See File No. 12.06-12 for sample Erection Diagram sheet illustrating details utilizing transverse
tendons details with skew > 10°.

VAMC Details:

VAMC details use blockouts along interior edges of beams for placing bars across the shear key
interface at 2’-0” intervals. Very High Performance Concrete (VHPC) is used to fill the shear key
and block out area to fully develop the bars. The overall longitudinal VAMC blockout dimension is
to extend between 0.25 and 0.75 of the span rounded up to an even 6-foot interval. This interval
allows the use of reusable standard blockout forms with slits at 2’-0” intervals to accommodate
the top beam bars extending into the blockout area. See File No. 12.06-11 for blockout
dimensions.

Increase design construction tolerance allowance from 10 to 17 psf when VAMC details are used.

See File No. 12.06-13 for sample Erection Diagram sheet illustrating details utilizing VAMC
details with skew > 10°.

TRANSVERSE TENDONS OR INTERNAL DIAPHRAGM SPACING:

One transverse tendon shall be provided 9” from the bottom of beam for 27” and 33” deep box
beam sections. Two transverse tendons shall be provided (9” from the beam top and bottom) for
39” and 42” deep box beam sections.

The longitudinal spacing of transverse tendons shall be as follows:

 For ends of prestressed concrete box beams constrained from lateral movement by wing
haunches cast tight against the slabs:

For spans ≤ 60 feet: at 1/3 points (2 ties)

For spans > 60 feet: at 1/4 points (3 ties)

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 4 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.06-4
 TRANSVERSE TENDONS OR INTERNAL DIAPHRAGM SPACING (Cont’d):
The longitudinal spacing of transverse tendons shall be as follow (cont’d):

 For ends of prestressed concrete box beams not constrained from lateral movement:

For spans ≤ 60 feet: at 1/3 points and at each end (4 ties)

For spans > 60 feet: at 1/4 points and at each end (5 ties)

Transverse tendons are not required when VAMC details are used for 27” and 33” box beam
depths, but solid sections (breaks in voids serving as interior diaphragms) are required at the
same intervals. Transverse tendons are required in the bottom of 39” and 42” box beam depths
(i.e., top tendons can be eliminated).

WATERPROOFING REQUIREMENTS:
For prestressed concrete box beams with asphalt overlay:

The entire deck (i.e., the top surfaces of box beams) shall be waterproofed in accordance
with the requirements of Sections 405 and 416 of VDOT’s Road and Bridge Specifications.

For all prestressed concrete box beams:

Exterior side of exterior beams, including drip bead, seal be waterproofed at precast
fabrication plant with a two coat epoxy resin system. All areas damaged during shipment
and erection shall be repaired after erection.

For waterproofing longitudinal shear keys, see File No. 12.06-10 and -11.

S&B STANDARD DETAIL SHEETS AND CELL LIBRARIES:

Standards for prestressed concrete box beams, PBT series (with Transverse Tendons) and PBV
series (with Virginia Alternate Member Connection (VAMC)), are located in Part 5 of this manual
along with the corresponding cell libraries.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Apr2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 5 of 13
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.06-5
 Centroid Moment Section Modulus
Net Weight
Width Depth to of
Area @
Bottom Inertia
Stop Sbott 150 pcf
W D Anet yb I
(ft) (in) (in2) (in) (in4) (in3) (in3) (lbs/lin. ft.)
3 27 580 13.31 51070 3731 3836 604
3 33 640 16.25 86820 5183 5343 666
3 39 700 19.20 134100 6771 6984 729
3 42 730 20.68 162400 7614 7853 760
4 27 724 13.35 67380 4937 5047 754
4 33 784 16.30 113500 6795 6965 816
4 39 844 19.25 173700 8796 9025 879
4 42 874 20.73 209500 9847 10110 910

Weight provided is for section with void and shear keys. Solid sections for transverse tendons/internal
diaphragms should be entered as point loads and filled shear key weight as uniform load for design.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 6 of 13
SECTION PROPERTIES FILE NO. 12.06-6
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART PARAMETERS:
The Box Beam Preliminary Design Chart is intended to assist the designer in selecting the most
economical Box Beam section for a particular beam spacing and span length. The Design Chart
is not intended to provide a final beam design.

The Box Beam Preliminary Design Chart was developed in accordance with the AASHTO LRFD
7th Edition Specifications and VDOT Structure and Bridge IIM 80.5 VDOT Modifications to the
AASHTO LRFD 7th Edition, using LEAP Bridge Enterprise – ConSpan Version [Link].

Design parameters used for the development of the preliminary design chart include the
following:

 Beams are designed as simply supported, typical interior beam

 Targeted flexural performance ratio of 0.90

 Grade 270 low relaxation seven-wire strands with a 1/2” diameter are used with the standard
strand grid and a 4” minimum side distance to the center of the first strand. Designers should
use 0.6” diameter strand, 3” minimum side distance and leave the strand position in stirrup
corners empty per current requirements.

 Concrete 28-day compressive strength of 5000 psi, with a 4000 psi release strength

 Non-composite dead loads include: Concrete diaphragm uniformly distributed dead load of 10
plf, and a 10 psf construction tolerance load. Designers shall use 17 psf where Virginia
Adjacent Member Connection details are used.

 Wearing surface depth and types considered:

o 1 7/8” Asphalt Overlay

o 5” Non-Composite Concrete Deck Topping

o 7 ½” Composite Concrete Deck

 No future wearing surface load has been included in the analysis

 Composite dead loads include two barriers (each weighing 425 lbs/ft)

 LRFD Live Load Distributions Factors for moment equal to:

o 3ft wide slab: 0.35

o 4ft wide slab: 0.45

o Shear All Units: AASHTO

 Design Live Load: HL-93

Legal Loads: as specified under Legal Loads (a, b and c) in current IIM-S&B-86

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 29Apr2022
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 7 of 13
PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART PARAMETERS FILE NO. 12.06-7
 Preliminary AASHTO Box Beam Design Chart
Max span lengths based on a flexural performance ratio of 0.90 and f'c=5ksi

BIV-48

BIII-48

BII-48
AASHTO Box Beam Unit

BI-48

BIV-36

BIII-36
Deck / Overlay

BII-36 5" Non Comp.

Asphalt Overlay
BI-36 7.5" Comp.

50 60 70 80 90
Max Span Length (ft)

Maximum Possible Span Length (ft) for f’c = 5 ksi

5" Non-
7.5" Composite
Unit Asphalt Overlay Composite
Concrete Deck
Concrete Deck
BI-36 57 55 61
BII-36 68 66 71
BIII-36 78 75 80
BIV-36 83 80 84
BI-48 58 56 62
BII-48 69 67 71
BIII-48 79 77 81
BIV-48 85 81 86

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 9 of 13
PRELIMINARY DESIGN CHART FILE NO. 12.06-9
 Shear key detail shown above is for 27” and 33” deep box beams where top transverse tendons
are not required. 39” and 42” box beams similar, but with transverse tendon 9” from top of beam.

All keyway surfaces shall be cleaned of all dirt, laitance and loose aggregate by means of
sandblasting and prewetted with clean water prior to the grouting of shear keys.

Grout used for shear keys shall be Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC). Grouting of
shear keys shall be done in one continuous operation without interruption for the entire length of
the shear keys for each span.

Surfaces to receive the waterproofing system shall be prepared in accordance with the
requirements of Section 429 of VDOT’s 2016 Road and Bridge Specifications.

Joint fabric from the VDOT New Products Evaluation List under Joint Maintenance and
Waterproofing shall be used. For installation procedures and waterproofing details for asphalt
and concrete overlays, see Standards PBT-6A and -6B respectively in Part 5 of this manual.

Post-tensioning of transverse tendons (except where tendons connect two beams at a time for
bridges on skew) and the casting of parapets shall not be done until the strength of the ECC in
the shear key has reached a compressive strength of at least 4000 psi.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Apr2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 10 of 13
LONGITUDINAL SHEAR KEY DETAIL – TRANSV. TENDONS FILE NO. 12.06-10
 All keyway surfaces shall be cleaned of all dirt, laitance and loose aggregate by means of
sandblasting and prewetted with clean water prior to the filling of shear keys and VAMC
blockouts.

Very High Performance Concrete (VHPC) shall be used to fill shear keys and VAMC blockouts.
Filling of shear keys and VAMC blockouts shall be done in one continuous operation without
interruption for the entire length of the shear keys for each span.

Epoxy and joint fabric shall not be placed until the VHPC has cured for 28 days unless the
Contractor tests trial patches and obtains passing results per Section 431 of VDOT’s 2016 Road
and Bridge Specifications. Surfaces to receive the waterproofing system shall be prepared in
accordance with the requirements of Section 429 of VDOT’s 2016 Road and Bridge
Specifications.

Joint fabric from the VDOT New Products Evaluation List under Joint Maintenance and
Waterproofing shall be used. Two strips are required the length of the VAMC blockout and a
single strip required for the remaining length of bridge as indicated in the details above. For
installation procedures and waterproofing details for asphalt and concrete overlays, see
Standards PBV-6A and -6B respectively in Part 5 of this manual.

Post-tensioning of transverse tendons in the bottom of 39” and 42” box beams may occur prior to
placing the VHPC. The casting of parapets shall not be done until the strength of the VHPC in
the shear key and VAMC blockout has reached a compressive strength of at least 4000 psi.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Apr2023
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAMS SHEET 11 of 13
LONGITUDINAL SHEAR KEY DETAIL – VAMC DETAILS FILE NO. 12.06-11
 ANCHORAGES AND INSERTS:
Where the ends of prestessed concrete voided slabs and box beams are constrained from lateral
movement by wing haunches cast tight against the slabs/beams and buoyancy will not cause
uplift of the superstructure, the ANCHOR DETAIL and ALTERNATE ANCHOR DETAIL located in
the cell libraries in Part 5 of this manual are not required.

Where the ends of prestressed concrete voided slabs and box beams are not constrained or
buoyancy will cause uplift of the superstructure:

1. Add both details to the standard sheets from the cell libraries contained in Part 5 of this
manual.

2. All steel in the anchor assembly shown above shall be ASTM A709 Grade 36 and shall be
hot dipped galvanized (except for stud shear connectors in the alternate detail).

3. H.S. bolts installed in threaded inserts shall be tightened to a snug tight condition as defined
in Section 407 of the VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications. Rotational capacity test will
not be required.

4. All threaded inserts shall be Dayton Superior F-62 Flared Thin Slab Ferrule NC threaded
insert or an approved equal having a minimum mechanical ultimate tensile strength of 8000
lbs.

5. Designer shall verify that bridge seat reinforcement will not obstruct drilling for anchor bolts.
Centerline of anchor may be shifted provided a minimum concrete cover of 2” is maintained
for threaded inserts.

6. Designer shall verify that locations of threaded inserts do not interfere with the strands.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
ANCHORAGES AND INSERTS SHEET 1 of 3
ANCHOR DETAILS FOR VOIDED SLABS AND BOX BEAMS FILE NO. 12.09-1
 INSERT DETAIL

The details shown above are those for a Dayton Superior F-62 Flared Thin Slab Ferrule NC
threaded insert. This threaded insert or an approved equal having a minimum mechanical
ultimate tensile strength of 8000 lbs. may be used in any thin precast concrete element or for
other conditions where a longer, more efficient insert cannot be used.

Sufficient depth of embedment shall be provided to develop the full ultimate strength of the
threaded insert.

H.S. bolts installed in threaded inserts shall be tightened to a snug tight condition as defined in
Section 407 of the VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications. Rotational capacity test will not be
required.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
ANCHORAGES AND INSERTS SHEET 2 of 3
INSERT DETAIL FILE NO. 12.09-2
 ALTERNATE BEARING DETAILS FOR VOIDED SLABS AND BOX BEAMS:
Alternate bearing details may be used for voided slabs and box beams with design approval from
the District Structure and Bridge Engineer.

Plant application of approved epoxy mortar buildups at slab/beam ends for gradients in excess of
1% are difficult to fabricate. Designers shall consider designing reinforced elastomeric bearings
with rotational capacity sufficient to eliminate the buildup. Designers shall consider the need for
reinforced elastomeric bearings also for bridges with skews or long spans to ensure beam ends
are seated properly.

Where alternate details utilize grouted anchor bolt sleeves through the solid end sections of
voided slabs or box beams, Designers shall ensure the sleeves do not interfere with strand
positions and shall state such in the design approval documentation.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
ANCHORAGES AND INSERTS SHEET 3 of 3
ALT. BEARING DETAILS FOR VOIDED SLABS/BOX BEAMS FILE NO. 12.09-3
 DIAPHRAGMS:
Diaphragms for composite Bulb-T’s and I-beams shall be provided in accordance with the
requirements of Article 5.12.4 of the AASHTO LRFD specifications and as noted below.

End diaphragms shall be cast-in-place concrete diaphragms. For typical cast-in-place concrete
end diaphragm details, see File Nos. 12.10-6 and -7.

Intermediate diaphragms shall be either steel channel or cross-frame. Use standard sheet
PCBT-D1 in Part 4 of this manual for depths of 29” through 53” (standards PCBT-29, -37, -45 and
-53). Use standard sheet PCBT-D2 in Part 4 of this manual for depths of 61” through 93”
(standards PCBT-61, -69, -77, -85 and -93).

When utility lines are located between two lines of beams and clearance problems arise with the
use of steel diaphragms, cast-in-place concrete intermediate diaphragms may be used. For
typical cast-in-place concrete intermediate diaphragm details, see File Nos. 12.10-8 and -9.

CONCRETE:
Concrete used in cast-in-place concrete end and intermediate diaphragms shall be Class A4
having a minimum 28 day compressive strength of 4000 psi.

REINFORCEMENT:
All reinforcement used in cast-in-place concrete end and intermediate diaphragms shall conform
to the requirements contained in File Nos. 12.01-1 and -2 and as specified below.

SPACING AND LAYOUT OF INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGMS:

Intermediate diaphragms are not required for spans less than 40 feet. The spacing of
intermediate diaphragms for spans greater than 40 feet shall be as follows:

For spans 80 feet: at point of maximum moment.

For spans > 80 feet: equally spaced with a maximum spacing of 40 feet.

Intermediate diaphragms when required, shall be placed as follows:

o
For bridge skews 20 : parallel to bridge skew.
o
For bridge skews > 20 : normal to main bridge members.

For guidelines in laying out of intermediate diaphragms, see File Nos. 12.10-2 thru -5.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 31Oct2018
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 1 of 9
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.10-1
 40 ft. < SPAN LENGTH 80 ft.

SPAN LENGTH > 80 ft.

1. The details shown above are for the designer’s information only. See Introduction File No.
12.00-1.

2. The line through centers of bearings shown above also represents the CL of full integral
abutments.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 2 of 9
LAYOUT GUIDELINES (SKEW 20°) FILE NO. 12.10-2
 3. The lines through centers of inserts or bolts shown on previous sheet represent:

For steel diaphragms, the centerline locations of beam web threaded inserts or open
holes for thru-bolts with respect to centerline of beam webs.

For cast-in-place concrete diaphragms, the centerline locations of diaphragms, beam

web threaded inserts or open holes for reinforcement steel with respect to centerline of
beam webs.

4. Designers shall check the proposed locations of diaphragms to ensure that there are no
conflicts with other superstructure or beam components.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 3 of 9
FILE NO. 12.10-3
 40 ft. < SPAN LENGTH 80 ft.

SPAN LENGTH > 80 ft.

1. The details shown above are for the designer’s information only. See Introduction File No.
12.00-1.

2. The line through centers of bearings shown above also represents the C
L of full integral
abutments.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 4 of 9
LAYOUT GUIDELINES (SKEW > 20°) FILE NO. 12.10-4
 3. The lines through centers of inserts or bolts shown on previous sheet represent:

For steel diaphragms, the centerline locations of beam web threaded inserts or open
holes for thru-bolts with respect to centerline of beam webs.

For cast-in-place concrete diaphragms, the centerline locations of diaphragms, beam

web threaded inserts or open holes for reinforcement steel with respect to centerline of
beam webs.

4. Designers shall check the locations of diaphragms to ensure that there are no conflicts with
other superstructure or beam components.

5. When laying out lines of diaphragms for end sections of beam erection diagrams, the
designer shall locate lines of diaphragms so that no beam has a distance greater than 40 feet
between diaphragms.

6. Where a line of diaphragms is discontinued at an exterior or interior beam, the designer shall
verify that sufficient space is available between diaphragm connection plates and other
superstructure or beam components to avoid conflicts during erection.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 31Oct2022
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 5 of 9
FILE NO. 12.10-5
 1. The details shown above are for the designer’s information only. See Introduction File No.
12.00-1.

2. DS04 series bars shown above shall be equally spaced between the beam top flanges.
Spacing of bars shall not exceed 12” on centers.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 6 of 9
C-I-P CONCRETE END DIAPHRAGM DETAILS FILE NO. 12.10-6
 3. A three piece bar detail may be used in lieu of the one piece DS04 series bar shown on the
previous sheet. Minimum lap length shall be that required for a Class B tension lap splice
for other than top bars (1’- 4”). Show lap length on the plans.
7
4. DL04 and DL06 series bars, /8” diameter bolts and inserts shown on the previous sheet
shall be equally spaced within the beam web. Spacing of bars, bolts and inserts shall not
exceed 12” on centers. Minimum lap length for DL04 and DL06 bars shall be that for a
Class B tension lap splice for top bars (2’- 9”). Show lap length on the plans.
7
5. All threaded inserts shall be /8”- 9 NC threaded plain ferrule inserts suitable for thin precast
concrete elements. See File No. 12.09-3.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 7 of 9
C-I-P CONCRETE END DIAPHRAGM DETAILS FILE NO. 12.10-7
 1. The details shown above are for the designer’s information only. See Introduction File No.
12.00-1.

2. Cast-in-place concrete intermediate diaphragms may be used when clearance problems

arise with the use of either steel channel or cross frame diaphragms between beam lines
containing utility lines.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 8 of 9
C-I-P CONCRETE INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGM DETAILS FILE NO. 12.10-8
 3. DS04 series bars shown on the previous sheet shall be equally spaced between the beam
top flanges. Spacings of bars shall not exceed 12” on centers.

4. A three piece bar detail may be used in lieu of the one piece DS04 series bar shown on the
previous sheet. Minimum lap length shall be that required for a Class B tension lap splice
for other than top bar (1’- 4”). Show lap length on the plans.
7
5. DL04 and DL06 series bars, /8” diameter bolts and inserts shown on the previous sheet
shall be equally spaced within the beam web. Spacing of bars, bolts and inserts shall not
exceed 12” on centers. Minimum lap length for DL04 and DL06 bars shall be that required
for a Class B tension lap splice for top bars (2’- 9”). Show lap lengths on the plans.

6. All threaded inserts shall be 7/8”- 9 NC threaded plain ferrule inserts suitable for thin precast
concrete elements. See File No. 12.09-3.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
DIAPHRAGMS SHEET 9 of 9
C-I-P CONCRETE INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGM DETAILS FILE NO. 12.10-9
 CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR BULB-T’S:
This section establishes the practices and requirements for the design and detailing of closure
diaphragms for simple span prestressed concrete Bulb-T sections made continuous for super-
imposed (composite) DL and LL+IM for the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

The design practices and reinforcement details contained in this section were established as a
result of research done by Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia.

The design and detailing of closure diaphragms for simple span prestressed concrete Bulb-T’s
sections made continuous for composite DL and LL+IM shall be in accordance with the
requirements of Article [Link] of the AASHTO LRFD specifications as supplemented herein.

Use standard sheet PCBT-CLOS1 in Part 4 of this manual for depths of 29” thru 61” (PCBT-29
thru -61) and standard sheet PCBT-CLOS2 in Part 4 of this manual for depths of 69” thru 93”
(PCBT-69 thru -93).

CONCRETE:
Concrete used in cast-in-place concrete closure diaphragms shall be Class A4 having a minimum
28 day compressive strength of 4000 psi.

REINFORCEMENT:
All reinforcement used in cast-in-place concrete closure diaphragms shall conform to the
requirements contained in File Nos. 12.01-1 and -2 and as specified below.

MINIMUM AGE OF BEAM:

The minimum age of a prestressed concrete beam at time of establishment of continuity (at time
closure diaphragms are cast) shall not be less than 90 days from release of strands.

When this is not practical such as in the case of emergency repairs or beams damaged during
fabrication or erection, the beam shall be designed as simple span for moment and for continuous
span for maximum shear/reaction using the appropriate positive moment reinforcement details
shown in this section.

NEGATIVE MOMENT REINFORCEMENT:

Longitudinal reinforcement shall be provided in deck slabs over beams made continuous to resist
the negative moments due to composite DL and LL+IM.

Negative moment reinforcement shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Article
[Link].8 of the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 31Oct2018
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR BULB-T’S SHEET 1 of 4
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.11-1
 CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGM THICKNESS:
The closure diaphragm thickness shall be 1’-1”.

PIER SEAT ELEVATIONS:

Pier seats of “arriving” and “departing” beams made continuous shall be set to the same
elevation.

Where “arriving” and “departing” beams result in calculated differences in pier seat elevations, the
differences shall be applied in accordance with the following guidelines:
1
Difference < /4”: apply to the minimum computed bolster thickness.
1 1
/4” Difference /2”: apply to bearing assembly height.

Difference > 1/2 “: apply to pier seat elevation.

STEEL DOWELS AT FIXED SUPPORTS:

Steel dowels shall be corrosion resistant reinforcing steel, Class I. The size and number of steel
dowels required shall be determined by using a nominal horizontal shear resistance (kips) per
dowel = 0.47FyAdowel and a maximum dowel spacing of 12” between pier seats. Minimum dowel
diameter shall be ¾”. Details of the steel dowels and keyed construction joint shall be shown on
the pier detail sheets. Dowels shall be equally spaced between pier seats. Embed dowels a
minimum of 12” into pier cap.

DECK SLAB PORTION CAST MONOLITHIC WITH CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM:

A portion of the deck slab shall be cast monolithically with the closure diaphragm. The minimum
width of deck slab to be cast with the diaphragm shall be 4’- 0” (2’- 0” on each side of pier
centerline). For skew angles greater than 20°, adjust width of deck slab as necessary to ensure
that this portion of the deck slab covers the entire closure diaphragm. This dimension shall be
shown on the Deck Slab Concrete Placement Schedule.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR BULB-T’S SHEET 2 of 4
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.11-2
 POSITIVE MOMENT REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:
The positive moment reinforcement details shown in this section were developed for the Bulb-T
sections using the nonprestressed reinforcement approach contained in Article [Link].9 of the
AASHTO LRFD specifications.

When beam sections other than precast concrete Bulb-T sections (PCBT-series) are made
continuous for super-imposed DL and LL+Impact, the designer shall verify that the reinforcement
details shown below meet the requirements of Article [Link] of the AASHTO LRFD
specifications.

For Bulb-T sections, PCBT-29 through -61, see Reinforcement Detail A below.

REINFORCEMENT DETAIL A
Note: 4 - No. 6 hairpin bars as per research done by Virginia Tech.

BEAM END VIEW AT CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 31Oct2018
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR BULB-T’S SHEET 3 of 4
POSITIVE MOMENT REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FILE NO. 12.11-3
 For Bulb-T sections, PCBT-69 through -93, see Reinforcement Detail B below.

REINFORCEMENT DETAIL B

Note: 4 - No. 6 hairpin bars with two strands bent up into closure diaphragm as per research
done by Virginia Tech.

BEAM END VIEW AT CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR BULB-T’S SHEET 4 of 4
POSITIVE MOMENT REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FILE NO. 12.11-4
 PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN:
This section establishes practices and requirements regarding the design and detailing of the
pretensioned anchorage zone reinforcement for prestressed concrete Bulb-T’s.

The design practices, tables and reinforcement details contained in this section were established
as a result of research done by Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia to address problems with
cracking at beam ends.

The practices and requirements set forth herein are intended to supersede the requirements set
forth in the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

The anchorage zone as referred to in this section is the region from end of beam to 3h/4 where h
is the depth of the member. For purposes of design, the anchorage zone is divided into two
regions. The first region extends from end of beam to h/4 and the other region extends from h/4
to 3h/4.

In the anchorage zone region between h/4 and 3h/4, it is suggested that the designer first design
for the anchorage zone reinforcement requirements set forth herein and then check against the
requirements for horizontal and vertical shear. The most stringent requirement shall govern. In
the region beyond 3h/4, stirrups shall be provided as required for horizontal and vertical shear.

Confinement reinforcement at beam ends shall be provided in accordance with the requirements
contained in Article [Link].2 of the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

For Anchorage Zone Reinforcement Details, see File Nos. 12.12-2 and –3.

For Anchorage Zone Design Tables, see File Nos. 12.12-4 thru –8.

For Instruction for Use of Cells for Standard PCBT-MISC2, see File Nos. 12.12-9 thru –10.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 31Oct2018
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 1 of 10
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.12-1
 BULB-T REINFORCEMENT DETAILS:
The stirrups used in the anchorage zone shall consist of a standard 180° bend, double leg stirrup
with 90° standard hooks. Theoretically, two types of stirrups could be used.

One type of stirrup extends out of the top flange of the beam to at least mid-depth of the deck
slab and is used when required for horizontal shear transfer and to ensure composite action
between beam and deck slab. See Detail A, File No. 12.12-3.

The second type of stirrup does not extend above the top flange of the beam and could be
used when not required for horizontal shear. See Detail B, File No. 12.12-3.

However, alternating stirrup types in the anchorage zone results in complicated details that could
be misinterpreted during fabrication and not result in significant cost savings. Anchorage zone
reinforcement is designed to limit crack size, number and length. As such, all stirrups in this
region shall extend out of the top flange of the beam to at least mid-depth of the deck slab as
shown in Detail A and be corrosion resistant in accordance with current IIM-S&B-81.

Maximum size stirrup used for anchorage zone reinforcement shall be #5.

The area of reinforcement, number and size of stirrups, and spacing required in these two regions
can be obtained from the appropriate anchorage zone design table contained in this section.

The first stirrup in the region from end of beam to h/4 shall consist of a pair of bundled stirrups.
Additional stirrups in the region from end of beam to h/4 may need to be bundled in order to
achieve the spacing shown in the design tables.

In most cases, stirrups required in the region from h/4 to 3h/4 will not need to be bundled to
achieve the spacings contained in the design tables.

Designers shall adjust location(s) of anchorage zone reinforcement to avoid conflicts with inserts,
open holes and studs in insert plates.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 2 of 10
BULB-T REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FILE NO. 12.12-2
 Confinement reinforcement shall be a #4 bar shaped as shown in Details A, B and C below and
spaced at 4” on centers for a distance of 1.5h from end of beam. The bar may be fabricated as a
two-piece bar with a minimum 1’-4” lap.

DETAIL A DETAIL B
(Information only – not to be used)

Reinforcement provided beyond the anchorage zone shall satisfy the requirements for vertical
and horizontal shear.

Stirrups placed beyond the anchorage zone shall consist of a standard 180° bend, double leg
stirrup without 90° standard hooks. See Detail C below.

DETAIL C

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 3 of 10
BULB-T REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FILE NO. 12.12-3
 BULB-T DESIGN TABLES:
The design tables that follow are intended to assist the Designer in providing sufficient
reinforcement in the end anchorage zone of a member to control beam end web cracking.

The design tables do not address the following:

Beams with straight strands only or draped strands not raised to full height
(approximately 4” to 6” below top of beam) at end of beam.

Beams with debonded strands.

Beams with 300 ksi strands.

Beam sections other than precast concrete Bulb-T sections (PCBT-series).

Spliced girders.

For beams with the above conditions, it is recommended that the Designer conduct an analysis
using the strut-and-tie model to determine the appropriate stirrup reinforcement required.

To use the design tables, the Designer must first select the appropriate table based on the PCBT
cross section and type of concrete (normal or lightweight) used. From the appropriate table the
Designer can find the total area of required steel, number and size of stirrups, and spacing of
stirrups for each of the anchorage zone regions.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 4 of 10
BULB-T DESIGN TABLES FILE NO. 12.12-4
 PCBT – 29
Normal Weight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Number Number Number Number
Aps Areq’d Areq’d
of and and and and
Strands 2
(in )
2
(in ) Size spacing 2
(in ) Size spacing

14 3.04 1.58 4 - #4 2 spa. @ 2 1/2” 1.49 4 - #4 4 spa. @ 3 3/4”

18 3.91 1.99 5 - #4 2 spa. @ 2 1/2” 1.76 5 - #4 5 spa. @ 3”
20 4.34 2.17 6 - #4 2 spa. @ 2 1/2” 1.87 5 - #4 5 spa. @ 3”
Lightweight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
16 3.47 2.49 4 - #5 2 spa. @ 2 1/2” 2.32 4 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 3/4”
18 3.91 2.74 5 - #5 2 spa. @ 2 1/2” 2.54 5 - #5 5 spa. @ 3”
20 4.34 3.00 5 - #5 2 spa. @ 2 1/2” 2.78 5 - #5 5 spa. @ 3”

PCBT – 37
Normal Weight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Number Number Number Number
Aps Areq’d Areq’d
of and and and and
Strands (in2) (in2) Size spacing (in2) Size spacing

14 3.04 1.70 5 - #4 2 spa. @ 3 1/2” 1.52 4 - #4 4 spa. @ 4 1/2”

18 3.91 2.07 6 - #4 2 spa. @ 3 1/2” 1.88 5 - #4 5 spa. @ 3 3/4”
20 4.34 2.26 4 - #5 2 spa. @ 3 1/2” 2.04 4 - #5 4 spa. @ 4 1/2”
Lightweight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
16 3.47 2.48 4 - #5 2 spa. @ 3 1/2” 2.45 4 - #5 4 spa. @ 4 1/2”
20 4.34 3.08 5 - #5 2 spa. @ 3 1/2” 2.86 5 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 3/4”
22 4.77 3.34 6 - #5 2 spa. @ 3 1/2” 3.11 6 - #5 6 spa. @ 3”

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 5 of 10
BULB-T DESIGN TABLES FILE NO. 12.12-5
 PCBT – 45
Normal Weight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Number Number Number Number
Aps Areq’d Areq’d
of and and and and
Strands (in2) (in2) Size spacing (in2) Size spacing

22 4.77 2.53 5 - #5 3 spa. @ 3” 2.36 4 - #5 4 spa. @ 5 1/2”

24 5.21 2.67 5 - #5 3 spa. @ 3” 2.49 5 - #5 5 spa. @ 4 1/2”
Lightweight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
22 4.77 3.66 6 - #5 3 spa. @ 3” 3.42 6 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 3/4”
26 5.64 4.03 7 - #5 3 spa. @ 3” 3.76 7 - #5 7 spa. @ 3 1/4”
28 6.08 4.24 7 - #5 3 spa. @ 3” 3.96 7 - #5 7 spa. @ 3 1/4”

PCBT – 53
Normal Weight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Number Number Number Number
Aps Areq’d Areq’d
of and and and and
Strands (in2) (in2) Size spacing (in2) Size spacing

26 5.64 3.04 5 - #5 3 spa. @ 3 3/4” 2.83 5 - #5 5 spa. @ 5 1/4”

28 6.08 3.2 6 - #5 3 spa. @ 3 3/4” 2.98 5 - #5 5 spa. @ 5 1/4”
Lightweight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
24 5.21 4.17 7 - #5 3 spa. @ 3 3/4” 3.90 7 - #5 7 spa. @ 3 3/4”
26 5.64 4.4 8 - #5 3 spa. @ 3 3/4” 4.12 7 - #5 7 spa. @ 3 3/4”

PCBT – 61
Normal Weight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Number Number Number Number
Aps Areq’d Areq’d
of and and and and
Strands 2
(in )
2
(in ) Size spacing 2
(in ) Size spacing

26 5.64 3.24 6 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 1/4” 3.03 5 - #5 5 spa. @ 6”

28 6.08 3.43 6 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 1/4” 3.20 6 - #5 6 spa. @ 5”
Lightweight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
26 5.64 4.71 8 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 1/4” 4.39 8 - #5 8 spa. @ 3 3/4”
28 6.08 5.01 9 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 1/4” 4.67 8 - #5 8 spa. @ 3 3/4”

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 6 of 10
BULB-T DESIGN TABLES FILE NO. 12.12-6
 PCBT – 69
Normal Weight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Aps Areq’d Number Number Areq’d Number Number
of and and and and
Strands 2 2 Size spacing 2 Size spacing
(in ) (in ) (in )
34 7.38 3.92 7 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 3/4” 3.65 6 - #5 6 spa. @ 5 3/4”
36 7.81 4.02 7 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 3/4” 3.75 7 - #5 7 spa. @ 5”
Lightweight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
32 6.94 5.51 9 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 3/4” 5.14 9 - #5 9 spa. @ 3 3/4”
34 7.38 5.66 10 - #5 4 spa. @ 3 3/4” 5.28 9 - #5 9 spa. @ 3 3/4”

PCBT – 77
Normal Weight Concrete – 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Aps Areq’d Number Number Areq’d Number Number
of and and and and
Strands 2 2 Size spacing 2 Size spacing
(in ) (in ) (in )
30 6.51 3.96 7 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 1/2” 3.70 6 - #5 6 spa. @ 6 1/2”
34 7.38 4.25 7 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 1/2” 3.97 7 - #5 7 spa. @ 5 1/2”
38 8.25 4.55 8 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 1/2” 4.25 7 - #5 7 spa. @ 5 1/2”
40 8.68 4.69 8 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 1/2” 4.37 8 - #5 8 spa. @ 4 3/4”
Lightweight Concrete - 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
28 6.08 5.40 9 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 1/2” 5.04 9 - #5 9 spa. @ 4 1/4”
10 spa. @ 3
34 7.38 6.13 10 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 1/2” 5.72 10 - #5
3/4”
10 spa. @ 3
36 7.81 6.36 11 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 1/2” 5.93 10 - #5
3/4”

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 7 of 10
BULB-T DESIGN TABLES FILE NO. 12.12-7
 PCBT – 85
Normal Weight Concrete - 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Aps Areq’d Number Number Areq’d Number Number
of and and and and
Strands 2 2 Size spacing 2 Size spacing
(in ) (in ) (in )
32 6.94 4.27 7 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 3/4” 3.99 7 - #5 7 spa. @ 6”
38 8.25 4.84 8 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 3/4” 4.51 8 - #5 8 spa. @ 5 1/4”
44 9.55 5.09 9 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 3/4” 4.76 8 - #5 8 spa. @ 5 1/4”
Lightweight Concrete - 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
30 6.51 6.14 10 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 3/4” 5.73 10 - #5 10 spa. @ 4 1/4”
34 7.38 6.75 11 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 3/4” 6.30 11 - #5 11 spa. @ 3 3/4”
40 8.68 7.28 12 - #5 5 spa. @ 3 3/4” 6.80 11 - #5 11 spa. @ 3 3/4”

PCBT – 93
Normal Weight Concrete - 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 18 ksi
Beam End to h/4 From h/4 to 3h/4
Number Aps Areq’d Number Number Areq’d Number Number
of and and and and
Strands 2 2 Size spacing 2 Size spacing
(in ) (in ) (in )
34 7.38 4.77 8 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 1/2” 4.45 8 - #5 8 spa. @ 5 3/4”
38 8.25 5.21 9 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 1/2” 4.86 8 - #5 8 spa. @ 5 3/4”
44 9.55 5.56 9 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 1/2” 5.19 9 - #5 9 spa. @ 5”
46 9.98 5.67 10 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 1/2” 5.29 9 - #5 9 spa. @ 5”
Lightweight Concrete - 0.6” diameter strands - Stirrup Stress = 12 ksi
28 6.08 6.66 11 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 1/2” 6.22 11 - #5 11 spa. @ 4 1/4”
34 7.38 7.25 12 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 1/2” 6.77 11 - #5 11 spa. @ 4 1/4”
38 8.25 7.77 13 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 1/2” 7.24 12 - #5 12 spa. @ 3 3/4”
40 8.68 8.01 14 - #5 6 spa. @ 3 1/2” 7.48 13 - #5 13 spa. @ 3 1/2”

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 8 of 10
BULB-T DESIGN TABLES FILE NO. 12.12-8
 INSTRUCTION FOR USE OF CELLS FOR STANDARD PCBT-MISC2:
Two complete sets of cells are developed for use with Standard PCBT-MISC2 and are found in
the [Link] library. Each cell set consists of series for beam end details with 0 degree skew,
left clip, left skew, right clip and right skew for use with closure diaphragms (when applicable),
end diaphragms, full integral abutments and semi-integral abutments.

Two sets are necessary as the number of spaces in the first spacing from end of beam to h/4 may
be even or odd and BS0401 bars will typically be required at every other stirrup spacing.
Designers shall ensure this distance does not exceed maximum BS0401 spacing required by
design.

The two sets are setup for even number of spaces for both the first and second (h/4 to 3h/4)
spacing and odd number of spaces for both the first and second (h/4 to 3h/4) spacing. Where the
second spacing differs from the first (i.e., even/odd or odd/even), it is suggested that an extra
space be added to the second spacing to preclude having to revise the cell details.

As an example, for the sample plan set in Section 13 of this chapter, the 53” bulb-T has 38
strands. Referring to the PCBT-53 anchorage zone design table for normal weight concrete, 3
spaces (odd number of spaces) at 3 ¾” is required from the beam end to h/4 and 5 spaces (odd
number of spaces) at 5 ¼” from h/4 to 3h/4. Therefore, the odd cell series can be used without
modification. Say the spacing between h/4 and 3h/4 was 6 spaces at 4 ½”. The odd cell series
could still be used without modification only if the Designer increased the number of spaces from
6 to 7 spaces at 4 ½”.

Bundled Bars:

The cells are detailed assuming the first three spaces require bundled bars in order to achieve
the required reinforcement and spacing shown in the design tables. The first stirrup in the region
from end of beam to h/4 shall always consist of a pair of bundled stirrup bars. Where the number
of additional stirrup bars in the region from the end of beam to h/4 required is different from the
number provided by the cells, modify the number of arrowheads and leader lines accordingly.

Coordination Between Prestressed Concrete Bulb-T and MISC2 Standard:

Where beam extensions on the left and right sides beyond the referenced “L” dimension are not
equal, additional spaces may need to be added to one of the beam ends on the MISC2 sheet.

As an example, for the sample plan set in Section 13 of this chapter, the distance “E” from the
insert plate centerline to the end of the beam at the semi-integral end is 1’-10”. The distance “D”
from the insert plate centerline to the end of the beam at the closure diaphragm is 11 ½”. In order
for the spacing of the BS0401 and BS0403 bars shown on the prestressed concrete bulb-T
standard to be roughly symmetric, additional spaces must be added to the semi-integral end. In
this particular case, two additional spaces at 5 ¼” were added to the MISC2 detail at the semi-
integral end totaling 10 ½”, so the interior BS0401 and BS0403 bars are actually symmetric about
midspan (i.e., 22” – 11 ½” = 10 ½”).

The BS0401 and BS0403 bars can be roughly symmetrical (i.e., not exactly symmetrical) about
midspan if the required maximum spacing for both bars is not exceeded throughout the beam and
across the un-dimensioned space at midspan.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 9 of 10
INSTR.’S FOR USE OF CELLS FOR ST’D. PCBT-MISC2 FILE NO. 12.12-9
 INSTRUCTION FOR USE OF CELLS FOR STANDARD PCBT-MISC2 (Cont’d):
Special Details:

Special details will be required for beam ends with left or right skew beyond a non-determined
skew based on spacing of reinforcement. In these cases, the Designer should independently
detail the beam ends to scale to show the necessary details. The sketch below depicting the top
flange and web is provided to portray issues to be resolved and not a working layout.

Similar issues affect the bottom flange confinement bar positions beyond a non-determined skew.
Placing a two piece confinement bar (i.e., lapped) is problematic and most Fabricators prefer
using a single bar. Designers should determine the distance over which bars need to be splayed
to maintain the proper average spacing and not violate minimum clearance between bars and
whether one or more bar designations needs to be specified. Shear stud spacing where insert
plates are used should also be investigated.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
PRETENSIONED ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN SHEET 10 of 10
INSTR.’S FOR USE OF CELLS FOR ST’D. PCBT-MISC2 FILE NO. 12.12-10
 ERECTION DIAGRAM SHEET:
This section of the chapter establishes the practices/requirements necessary for the completion
of the erection diagram sheet for a plan assembly. Included are sample erection diagram sheets
with a checklist for completing these sheets.

It is not the intent of the sample erection diagram sheets and checklist contained in this section to
show how to lay out the superstructure of a bridge.

A typical project will normally have a single erection diagram sheet which will include notes.
Space permitting, other details pertaining to the erection diagram or prestressed concrete
member may be shown on this sheet. In all cases, the erection diagram sheet shall contain all of
the items shown in this section. Information placed in blocks on the sample erection diagram
sheets is for designer’s information only and are not to be placed on the erection diagram sheet.

For major projects or long structures, the erection diagram sheet may have to be extended to
additional sheets to adequately show the complete structure. For structures with repetitive spans,
only one erection diagram need be drawn for each typical unit. Designation of typical units shall
be indicated on the title sheet (plan view).

The practices for the completion of interior sheets contained in Chapter 4 shall be adhered to.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 31Jul2009
ERECTION DIAGRAM SHEET SHEET 1 of 9
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.13-1
 CHECK LIST FOR ERECTION DIAGRAM SHEET:

1 Erection diagrams shall be drawn to a scale of sufficient size to fit the full size sheet and
still be legible when reduced to half-size.

2 Show skew angle(s) if applicable. Skew angle shall be as shown on the title sheet.
Skew angles for curved bridge layout on span chords are angles between face of
backwalls/end of slabs or CL of pier(s)/bent(s) with a radial line through intersections of
route CL / BL and face of backwalls/end of slabs or CL of pier(s)/bent(s).

3 Show and label CL / BL of bridge. This designation shall match that shown on the title
sheet. Do not include the word proposed.

4 Show and label CL piers(s)/bent(s). Piers/bents shall be designated from left to right
using consecutive numbers when more than one pier/bent exists, e.g., CL Pier 1/
Bent 1. Provide station.

5 Label spans from left to right using lower case designators, e.g., Span a, Span b.

6 Label beams/girders from top to bottom using numbers, e.g., Beam 1, Beam 2.

7 Locate the C L of all utilities supported by the bridge. Provide the number, size of
conduits and name of utility utilizing the conduit(s). When water, gas or other similar
systems are located on the bridge, the diameter of pipe should also be shown. Utilities
shall preferably be located between an exterior beam/girder and the first interior
beam/girder unless otherwise directed by the utility company. Gas lines shall be
located between an exterior beam/girder and the first interior beam/girder.

8 Dimension span length(s) along the route CL / BL . This is the distance between the
face of backwall/end of slab and the CL of pier/bent,CL pier/bent to CL pier/bent, and CL
of pier/bent to face of backwall/end of slab.

9 Show beam/girder spacings. Dimensions shall be normal to the CL of beams/girders

for both straight and skewed bridges. Dimension the location of the first beam/girder
on each side of the route CL / BL of the bridge.

10 Show and label location of line(s) through centers of inserts or bolts for intermediate
steel diaphragms or C
L of intermediate concrete diaphragms.

11 For full integral abutments, show and label Line thru center of piles and CL of end
diaphragms/piers (if applicable). Dimension location from C
L of pier at piers along the
route CL / BL. Provide station for abutments.

For other abutments and pier(s)/bent(s), show and label lines thru center of bearings
12
and CL of end diaphragms/piers (if applicable). Dimension location from C L of pier at
piers along the route CL / BL. Provide station for abutments.

13 Show and label common chord for curved bridges using layout on common chord.
Common chords are chords between the intersections of route C L / BL with Line thru
center of bearings/piles slab at abutments. Beams are laid out parallel to this chord.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 30Apr2019
ERECTION DIAGRAM SHEET SHEET 8 of 9
CHECK LIST FILE NO. 12.13-8
 14 Show and label span chords for curved bridges using layout on span chords. Span
chords are chords between the intersections of route C L/ BL with Line thru center of
bearings/piles at abutments or CL piers/bents. Dimension span chord lengths. Beams
are laid out parallel to span chords.
C
15 Show angle between chords and lines thru center of bearings/piles at abutments or L
Pier/Bents.

16 Provide North Arrow.

17 For an erection diagram sheet showing only a single span or multi-span erection
diagram, the title for the erection diagram shall read:

ERECTION DIAGRAM

and the title in the title block shall read:

ERECTION DIAGRAM

Repetitive span units shall be labeled using upper case designators, e.g., UNIT A,
18
UNIT B. For an erection diagram sheet showing a repetitive span erection diagram
along with other span erection diagrams, the title for the repetitive span unit erection
diagram shall read:

ERECTION DIAGRAM - UNIT A

and the title for other span erection diagram shall read:

ERECTION DIAGRAM - SPAN a

and the title in the title block shall read:

ERECTION DIAGRAMS
SPAN a AND UNIT A

19 For instructions on completing and locating the notes, see File No. 04.03.

20 For instructions on completing the title block, see File Nos. 04.02-1 and -2.

21 For instructions on completing the project block, see File No. 04.01.

22 For instructions on completing this portion of sheet, see File No. 01.01-7.

23 For instructions on completing the block for sealing, signing and dating plan assembly
sheets, see File Nos. 01.16-1 thru -7.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 30Apr2019
ERECTION DIAGRAM SHEET SHEET 9 of 9
CHECK LIST FILE NO. 12.13-9
 SAMPLE PLAN ASSEMBLY:
This section of the chapter establishes the general practices/requirements necessary for the
completion of a plan assembly for a typical superstructure containing prestressed concrete
members. Included are sample plan sheets necessary for prestressed concrete bulb-T spans
continuous for live load.

It is not the intent of the sample plan sheets contained in this section to show practices and
requirements for the design of the superstructure of a bridge. The sample plan sheets shown in
this section are intended only to provide the Designer with the necessary detail requirements for a
complete bridge plan assembly.

For specific requirements and guidelines for completing plan sheets, refer to the appropriate
sections of this chapter and notes to designers contained in Parts 3 through 5 of this manual.

The practices for the completion of interior sheets and standard sheets contained in Chapter 4
shall be adhered to.

S&B STANDARD SHEETS AND CELL LIBRARIES:

See Introduction File No. 12.00-1.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
SAMPLE PLAN ASSEMBLY SHEET 1 of 9
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.14-1
 FEDERAL AID STATE
SHEET
STATE
10 ROUTE PROJECT ROUTE PROJECT NO.

VA. 29 0029-062-104, B602 11

REINFORCING STEEL SCHEDULE
Shape of top of form
before any deck slab 20

5 "
8 concrete is placed. 1'-4…"
Computed finished Top of form to be no

-10… "
1'

4ƒ "
where above this line -5

BS0403

BS0409
grade after full dead ‚
" 11 Notes:
load deflection.

4'
Insert plate shall provide uniform bearing over its entire contact area.

End of beam
Insert plate is not required when utilizing on full integral abutment.
C

For beam details and notes, see sheet __.

3†"

BS0402 2'-5" Provide L 1‚ x 1‚ x ‰for As an alternative to the angle and dowels shown in the Typical Bottom
the full width of bottom Flange Edge Detail, a wooden pad, not exceeding ƒ" thick by 1" wide
BS0403, BS0409
flange with 4 - #4 x 1'-6" long C or " thick by 3" wide, may be place in the location of the horizontal
BS0408 L bearing and
a b dowels spaced to clear strands leg of the angle. The pad shall be removed before shipping. For beam
b insert plate
ends that are exposed and will not be embedded into concrete, the
L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4 BS0402, BS0408
BS04 series 3†" recessed area shall be covered with epoxy type EP-3B/EP-3T after
BS05 series removal of the pad.
3‡" TYPICAL BOTTOM FLANGE EDGE DETAIL
Shape of top of form 4
(bottom of deck slab)
minimum
after deflection from
slab thickness

-9"
total concrete deck
dead load. 3'-5 ‚

4'
C
L bearing
C
L bearing

1'

BS0404
BS0505

BS0410
BS0511
-8
Adjustment of deck slab forms to correct for dead
"
2'-8"
B
load deflections shall be made by varying thickness BS04 series 4"
of concrete bolster between slab and beam without BS05 series 5†"
alteration of slab thickness. Longitudinal screed should Insert PL
BS0406
be set above final finished grade by amounts = (L + 6") x 2'-6" x 1"
C2

BS0404, BS0505, BS0410 and BS0511

12"
6"
= Deflection of beam from dead load of concrete
C1
deck slab, bolsters and diaphragms and does
not include the deflection of the beam from
A A
its own weight.
3'-5‚"

BC0603
BC0501 and BC0504
= Deflection of composite section from dead load 5'-10" typ.
C2
(e.g. parapet and curb added after deck is cast). BC0501
Top of sole PL ‚

3'-0†"
C = C1 + C2

6"
BC0603
Top of
bearing seat
ANTICIPATED DEAD LOAD DEFLECTION 2'-9‚" Laminated
elastomeric
9 At a At b BC0504
4'-10" bearing pad
Beam
C1 C2 C1 C2 6" x ƒ" o
/ studs
4 spa. @ 6" = 2'-0"
BC0501, BC0603 and BC0504 BC0602 Longer leg shall be on top B
Mark Size No. Length Pin o
/ Location W ( X L )

BC0501 #5 40 3'-10" 2" Top flange - closure diaphragm

2'-6"
DEAD LOAD DEFLECTION DIAGRAM BC0602 #6 40 10'-10‚" 4" Bottom flange - closure diaphragm

BC0603 #6 60 3'-11" 3ƒ" Bott. flange - full or semi-integral INSERT PLATE DETAILS
BC0504 #5 40 3'-2" 2" Top flange - full or semi-integral
ƒ" chamfer
For laminated elastomeric bearing pad
dimensions, see sheet 7.
BS0401 #4 1030 3'-7" Top flange transverse
Laminated
BS0402 5'-9ƒ" 2" Bottom flange - confinement Insert PL elastomeric
#4 420
bearing pad
BS0403 #4 860 9'-10" 2†" Stirrup outside anchorage zone Sole PL

BS0404 #4 2†" Anchorage zone stirrup

C
L of beam
BS0505 #5 240 10'-4" 2†" Anchorage zone stirrup Insert PL
dgn

VIEW B-B 2"

999-99_011.

BS0406 #4 3" Top flange - left or right clip

o
BS0407 #4 Top flange - left or right skew 90 Sole PL

BS0408 #4 2" Bottom flange confinement on skew

C
L of bearing and
BS0409 #4 2†" Stirrup outside anch. zone - 2nd d insert plate

BS0410 #4 2†" Anchorage zone stirrup - 2nd depth

22
10-31-2023

BS0511 #5 2†" Anchorage zone stirrup - 2nd depth

BL0501 #5 120 37'-1" Top flange longitudinal

2"

6" x ƒ" /
o studs
Mark Size No. each length From To Vary by Pin o
/

SECTION A-A

Dimensions in bending diagram are out-to-out of bars.

Sealed and Signed by:
Junyi Meng
Lic. No. 033572 Reinforcing bars shown in the above schedule are for all beams shown on
On the date of sheet 10. COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
October 31, 2023 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SC1

Denotes reinforcing bars that shall be corrosion resistant reinforcing steel,

Class I. STRUCTURE AND BRIDGE DIVISION
PCBT-MI

A copy of the original

sealed and signed
standard drawing PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BULB-T
is on file in the
Central Office.
SAMPLE PLAN ASSEMBLY MISCELLANEOUS BEAM DETAILS
19 PART 2
MISCELLANEOUS BEAM DETAILS SHEET No. Description Date Designed: WJW
...........
Date Plan DATE: 31Oct2023
VDOT S&B DIVISION WJW
Drawn: ................ SHEET 4 of 9
21 RICHMOND, VA
Not to scale SBJ
Checked: ............
Apr. 2023 999FILE NO. 12.14-4
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER c 2023, Commonwealth of Virginia Revisions
 CHECK LIST FOR SAMPLE PLAN ASSEMBLY:

1 Show PLAN view of beam. End detail(s) shown in the PLAN are for 0° skew. Modify
both flange and reinforcement details for skews > 0° and/or other end conditions using
appropriate details in cell library.

2 Show SECTION ON CENTERLINE of beam. Complete reinforcement details for beam

shown in the SECTION ON CENTERLINE. Modify beam end(s) as required for skews
> 0° and/or other end conditions using appropriate details in cell library.

3 Show TYPICAL BEAM SECTION with dimensions.

4 Show TYPICAL BOTTOM FLANGE EDGE DETAIL. The detail shown is for distances
from edge of insert plate to end of beam greater than 6”. For other situations, replace
the existing detail with the appropriate detail in cell library.

5 Show typical beam END VIEW with reinforcement details and strand pattern.

6 Show typical beam SECTION A-A near midspan complete with reinforcement details
and strand pattern.

7 Show and complete DATA AND DIMENSION TABLE.

8 Show DEAD LOAD DEFLECTION DIAGRAM. Diagram shown is for a straight

gradient. For other situations, show appropriate shape (hump or sag) on the diagram
using appropriate detail in cell library. Add slab thickness. See File No. 12.02-4.

9 Show and complete table of ANTICIPATED DEAD LOAD DEFLECTIONS. See File
No. 12.02-4.

10 Show REINFORCING STEEL SCHEDULE. Complete dimensioning, total numbers

and lengths of rebars, and pin diameters in schedule.

11 Show Notes as required. Add appropriate sheet numbers. For instructions on

completing the notes, see File No. 04.03.

12 Show ERECTION DIAGRAM following the practices/requirements in File Nos. 12.13-1

thru -9.

13 Show and complete TOP OF SLAB ELEVATIONS ALONG CL OF BEAM. Place on

sheet with Erection Diagram when space permits. See File No. 12.02-5.

14 Miscellaneous required detail(s) may be shown on this sheet when space allows.

Show and complete the TOP FLANGE AND WEB REINFORCEMENT END DETAILS
15 and BOTTOM FLANGE REINFORCEMENT END DETAILS. The details shown are for
a 0° skew with a semi-integral abutment on the left and closure diaphragm on the right.
Show the appropriate details for skew greater than 0° and/or other end conditions using
the appropriate details in cell library.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
SAMPLE PLAN ASSEMBLY SHEET 8 of 9
CHECK LIST FILE NO. 12.14-8
 16 Include the appropriate standard steel intermediate diaphragm details sheet.

Complete the reinforcement details for stirrup reinforcement shown in the part sections
17
of closure diaphragm. Where lapping DL06 bars is not necessary, remove the
horizontal laps shown in the part sections of closure diaphragms and change DL0607
callout to DL0606 in part sections of closure diaphragms, Section A-A and Section C-C.

18 Show PLAN VIEW OF CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM. Plan view of closure diaphragm

shown is for 0° skew. Show the appropriate detail for skew greater than 0° using the
appropriate detail in cell library.

19 For instructions on completing the title block, see File No. 04.04-2.

20 For instructions on completing the project block, see File No. 04.01.

21 For instructions on completing this portion of sheet, see File No. 04.04-3.

22 For instructions on completing the block for sealing, signing and dating plan assembly
sheets, see File Nos. 01.16-1 thru -7.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 15Oct2015
SAMPLE PLAN ASSEMBLY SHEET 9 of 9
CHECK LIST FILE NO. 12.14-9
 CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I-BEAMS:
This section establishes the practices and requirements for the design and detailing of closure
diaphragms for simple span prestressed concrete I-Beam sections made continuous for super-
imposed (composite) DL and LL+IM for the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

The design and detailing of closure diaphragms for simple span prestressed concrete I-Beam
sections made continuous for composite DL and LL+IM shall be in accordance with the
requirements of Article [Link] of the AASHTO LRFD specifications as supplemented herein.

For typical positive moment closure diaphragm details, see File Nos. 12.15-3 thru -9.

CONCRETE:
Concrete used in cast-in-place concrete closure diaphragms shall be Class A4 having a minimum
28 day compressive strength of 4000 psi.

REINFORCEMENT:
All reinforcement used in cast-in-place concrete closure diaphragms shall conform to the
requirements contained in File Nos. 12.01-1 and -2 and as specified below.

MINIMUM AGE OF BEAM:

The minimum age of a precast, prestressed concrete beam at time of establishment of continuity
(at time closure diaphragms are cast) shall not be less than 90 days from release of strands.

When this is not practical, the positive moment connection shall be designed in accordance with
the procedures outlined in the August 1969 PCA Engineering Bulletin “Design of Continuous
Highway Bridges with Precast, Prestressed Concrete Girders”. For such cases the following
shall also apply:

In using this procedure, a reduction in the simple span positive moment due to composite
DL and LL + Impact may be taken for the design of the beam within the span.

Minimum non-prestressed positive moment reinforcement shall be 4 - #8 rebars or an

equivalent area of steel.

Minimum embedment length of non-prestressed positive moment reinforcement shall be

50 times the strand diameter plus the development length in tension for the deformed bar
used. In no case shall all positive moment reinforcement bars be terminated at the same
location.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 31Oct2018
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I - BEAMS SHEET 1 of 9
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.15-1
 In lieu of non-prestressed positive moment connection reinforcement, 1/2” diameter
prestressing strands may be used. When considering a service life up to two million
cycles of maximum loading, 1/2” strands may be designed at a working stress 0.15f s.
Strands shall be embedded into the closure diaphragm a minimum of 2’- 7” from end of
1
beam. Pin diameter for bending /2” diameter strands up into the closure diaphragm
3
shall be /4”.

CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGM THICKNESS:

The closure diaphragm thickness shall be 1’-1”.

NEGATIVE MOMENT REINFORCEMENT:

Longitudinal reinforcement shall be provided in deck slabs over beams made continuous to resist
the negative moments due to composite DL and LL+I.

Negative moment reinforcement shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Article
[Link].8 of the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

PIER SEAT ELEVATIONS:

Pier seats of “arriving” and “departing” beams made continuous shall be set to the same
elevation.

Where “arriving” and “departing” beams result in calculated differences in pier seat elevations, the
differences shall be applied in accordance with the following guidelines:
1
Difference < /4”: apply to the minimum computed bolster thickness.
1 1
/4” Difference /2”: apply to bearing assembly height.

Difference > 1/2 “: apply to pier seat elevation.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 31Oct2018
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I - BEAMS SHEET 2 of 9
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.15-2
 POSITIVE MOMENT CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM DETAILS:

PART SECTION SHOWING CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM

AT FIXED SUPPORT
1. The details shown above and in File Nos. 12.15-4 and -5 are for the designer’s information
only. See Introduction File No. 12.00-1.

2. Deck slab reinforcement not shown for purposes of clarity.

3. For Sections A - A and B - B, see File Nos. 12.15-4 and -5.

4. DS04 series bars shown above shall be equally spaced between the beam top flanges.
Spacing shall not exceed 12” on centers.

5. A three piece bar detail may be used in lieu of the one piece DS04 series bar shown above.
Minimum lap length shall be that required for a Class B tension lap splice for other than top
bars (1’- 4”). Show lap length on the plans.

6. DL06 series bars shown above shall be equally spaced between the BC05 series bars.
Spacings of bars shall not exceed 12” on centers. Minimum lap length when required, for
DL06 series bars shall be that required for a Class B tension lap splice for top bars (2’- 9”).
Show lap length on the plans.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I - BEAMS SHEET 3 of 9
POSITIVE MOMENT CLOS. DIAPHRAGM DETAILS – FIXED FILE NO. 12.15-3
 7. Minimum lap length for BC05 and BL05 series bars shall be that required for a Class B
tension lap splice for top bars (2’- 4”). Show lap length on the plans.

8. The 3/4" diameter plain steel dowels shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A36. The
size and number of steel dowels required shall be determined by using a nominal horizontal
shear resistance (kips) per dowel = 0.47FyAdowel. When in the judgement of the designer a
more detailed design procedure is needed, the provisions contained in Article 5.7.4 of the
3
AASHTO LRFD specifications may be used. Minimum size and number shall be four /4"
3
diameter dowels between pier seats. Details of the /4” diameter steel dowels and keyed
construction joint shall be shown on the pier detail sheets. Dowels shall be equally spaced
between pier seats. Embed dowels 12” into pier cap.

9. This portion of the deck slab shall be cast prior to the casting of the closure diaphragm.

10. This portion of the deck slab shall be cast monolithically with the closure diaphragm.
Minimum width of deck slab to be cast with the diaphragm shall be 4’- 0” (2’- 0” on each side
of pier centerline). For skew angles greater than 20°, adjust width of deck slab as
necessary to ensure that this portion of the deck slab covers the entire closure diaphragm.
This dimension shall be shown on the Deck Slab Concrete Placement Schedule.

11. For plan view of closure diaphragm, see File No. 12.15-9.

12. For details of bearing assemblies, see standard BBD-8 in Part 3 of this manual.

SECTION A - A
For location of section cuts and notes, see File No. 12.15-3 and above.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 31Oct2018
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I - BEAMS SHEET 4 of 9
POSITIVE MOMENT CLOS. DIAPHRAGM DETAILS – FIXED FILE NO. 12.15-4
 SECTION B - B

For location of section cuts and notes, see File Nos. 12.15-3 and - 4.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I - BEAMS SHEET 5 of 9
POSITIVE MOMENT CLOS. DIAPHRAGM DETAILS – FIXED FILE NO. 12.15-5
 PART SECTION SHOWING CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM
AT EXPANSION SUPPORT
1. The details shown above and in File Nos. 12.15-7 and -8 are for the designer’s information
only. See Introduction File No. 12.00-1.

2. Deck slab reinforcement not shown for purposes of clarity.

3. For Sections C - C and D - D, see File No. 12.15-7 and -8.

4. DS04 series bars shown above shall be equally spaced between the beam top flanges.
Spacing shall not exceed 12” on centers.

5. A three piece bar detail may be used in lieu of the one piece DS04 series bar shown above.
Minimum lap length shall be that required for a Class B tension lap splice for other than top
bars (1’- 4”). Show lap length on the plans.

6. DL06 series bars shown above shall be equally spaced between the BC05 series bars.
Spacing of bars shall not exceed 12” on centers. Minimum lap length when required, for
DL06 series bars shall be that required for a Class B tension lap splice for top bars (2’- 9”).
Show lap length on the plans.

7. Minimum lap length for BC05 and BL05 series bars shall be that required for a Class B
tension lap splice for top bars (2’-4”). Show lap length on the plans.

8. This portion of the deck slab shall be cast prior to the casting of the closure diaphragm.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I-BEAMS SHEET 6 of 9
POS. MOMENT CLOS. DIAPHRAGM DETAILS – EXPANSION FILE NO. 12.15-6
 9. This portion of the deck slab shall be cast monolithically with the closure diaphragm.
Minimum width of deck slab to be cast with the diaphragm shall be 4’- 0” (2’- 0” on each side
of pier centerline). For skew angles greater than 20°, adjust width of deck slab as
necessary to ensure that this portion of the deck slab covers the entire closure diaphragm.
This dimension shall be shown on the Deck Slab Concrete Placement Schedule.

10. For plan view of closure diaphragm, see File No. 12.15-9.

11. For details of bearing assemblies, see standard BBD-8 in Part 3 of this manual.

SECTION C - C

For location of section cuts and notes, see File No. 12.15-6 and above.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I-BEAMS SHEET 7 of 9
POS. MOMENT CLOS. DIAPHRAGM DETAILS – EXPANSION FILE NO. 12.15-7
 SECTION D - D

For location of section cuts and notes, see File No. 12.15-6 and -7.

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS – FOR I-BEAMS SHEET 8 of 9
POS. MOMENT CLOS. DIAPHRAGM DETAILS - EXPANSION FILE NO. 12.15-8
 PLAN VIEW OF CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM
0° SKEW

PLAN VIEW OF SKEWED CLOSURE DIAPHRAGM

LEFT SKEW (RIGHT SKEW SIMILAR)

Details shown for AASHTO Types II, III and IV (not Types V or VI)

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE 15Oct2015
CONTINUITY DIAPHRAGMS FOR I-BEAMS SHEET 9 of 9
PLAN VIEW OF CLOSURE DIAPHRAGMS FILE NO. 12.15-9
 POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE:
Post-tensioned Structures:

Structures requiring post-tensioning (using ducts and grouting) shall not be used without a design
waiver approved by the State Structure and Bridge Engineer. Exempt are prestressed concrete
voided slabs and prestressed concrete box beams with transverse ties (Part 5 of this manual).
Post-tensioning is prohibited for substructures.

In additional to an approved design waiver, post-tensioned structures shall be in accordance with

the following IIMs and the special provisions included in these IIMs:

IIM-S&B-91 General Requirements for the Usage, Design and Specification of Post-Tensioned
Bridge Superstructures

IIM-S&B-92 General Requirements for the Usage, Design and Specification of Substructures
Supporting Post-Tensioned Bridge Superstructures

IIM-S&B-93 Minimum Inspectability Requirements for Post-Tensioned Bridges

IIM-S&B-94 Requirements for Qualification, Job Site Testing and Acceptance of Grouts Being
Used in Post-Tensioned Structures

PRESTRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE PART 2

DATE: 28Dec2016
POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE SHEET 1 of 1
GENERAL INFORMATION FILE NO. 12.16-1