Unit Exercise 6.
1
A.
1. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15,… Infinite sequence
2. 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 Finite sequence
3. 20, 22, 24, 26, 28,… Infinite sequence
4. 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.00001,… Infinite sequence
5. 90, 80, 70, 60, 50 Finite sequence
B.
1. a n= n – 1
a 1= 1-1 a 2= 2-1 a 3= 3-1
a 1= 0 a 2= 1 a 3= 2
= 0, 1, 2
a
2. n=¿ n+1
1
¿
a 1 1 1 1 1
1=¿
1
¿ = a 2= = a 3= =
1+1 2 2+ 1 3 3+1 4
1 1 1
= , ,
2 3 4
3. a n= 3n
a 1= 31= 3 a 2= 32= 9 a 3=33= 27
= 3, 9, 27
4n
4. a n=
n+2
4 (1) 4 4 (2) 8 4 (3) 12
a 1= = a 2= = =2 a 3= =
1+2 3 2+2 4 3+2 5
4 12
= , 2,
3 5
Unit Exercise 6.2A
Solve:
[ ][ ][ ] [ ]
n
1 1 1 1 1
1. ∑ i−1 = 1−1 + 2−1 + 3−1 +…+ n−1
i=1 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
[ ][ ][ ]
1
= 0 + 1 + 2 + … + n−1
2 2 2 2
1
[ ]
1 1
= 1+ + + … + n−1
2 4 2
1
[ ]
n
2. ∑ (2 i+3 )2= [ 2 ( 1 )+ 3 ]² +[ 2 ( 2 ) +3 ]² + [ 2 ( 3 ) +3 ]²+…+ [ 2 n+3 ]²
i=1
= (2+3)² + (4+3)² + (6+3)² + … + (2n+3)²
= 5² + 7² + 9² + … + (2n+3)²
= 25 + 49 + 81 + … (2n+3)²
=(
1+1 ) ( 2+1 ) ( 3+1 )
+…+(
n+1 )
n
i 1 2 3 n
3. ∑ i+1 + +
i=1
=
1
2
2 3
+ + +…+
3 4
n
n+1 ( )
n
4. ∑ (3 i2−1)= [ 3 ( 1 )2−1 ] + [ 3 ( 2 )2−1 ] + [ 3 ( 3 )2−1 ] + … + (3n²-1)
i=1
Unit Exercise 6.2B
A.
3
1. ∑ (i2+ 1)
i=1
3 3
Solve: ∑i² + ∑1
i=1 i=1
= [ 3 ( 3+1 ) · 2(3+1)
6
+ 1(3) ]
= [ 3 (4)(7)
6
+3 ]
= ( 846 ) + 3
= 14 + 3
= 17
4 4 4 4
2. ∑ (i −2 i+1) = ∑i² - ∑2i + ∑1
2
i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1
4 4 4
= ∑ i ² - 2∑ i + ∑1
i=1 i=1 i=1
= [ 4 ( 4 +1 ) ·2 ( 4 ) +1
6
–2] [
4(4+1)
2
+ 1(4) ]
= [ 4(5)(9)
6
–2
4(5)
2
+4 ] [ ]
=
180
6 [ ] [ ]
-2
20
2
+4
= 30 - 2(10) + 4
= 30 – 20 + 4
= 14
5
3. ∑ (2 i2 −1)
i=1
5 5
Solve: ∑2i - ∑1 3
i=1 i=1
5 5
= 2∑ i - ∑1
3
i=1 i=1
=2 [ ] 5( 5+1)
2
² - 1(5)
=2 [ ] 5(6)
2
²-5
=2 ( 702 ) ² - 5
= 2(15)² - 5
= 2(225) – 5
= 450 – 5
= 445
B.
1 1 1 1
1. + + + +…
2 4 8 16
Solve:
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4
=( ¿ ¿ + ( ¿ ¿ + ( ¿ ¿ + ( ¿ ¿ + …
2 2 2 2
1 1
= (n + n2 + n3 + n 4 + …)
2
(∑ )
n
1
= ni
2 i=1
n
=∑ ¿¿
i=1
2. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + …
Solve:
=[ 2 ( 1 )−1 ] + [ 2 ( 2 )−1 ] + [ 2 ( 3 )−1 ] + [ 2 ( 4 )−1 ] + [ 2 ( 5 )−1 ] + …
={ [ 2 ( 1 )−1 ] + [ 2 ( 2 )−1 ] + [ 2 ( 3 )−1 ] + [ 2 ( 4 )−1 ] + [ 2 ( 5 )−1 ] + …}
n
=∑ 2 i−1
i=1
3. 2 + 6 + 18 + 54 + 162 + …
Solve:
=2(31−1) + 2(32−1) + 2(33−1) + 2(3 4−1) + 2(35−1) +…
=2 + 2(3) + 2(9) + 2(27) + 2(81) + …
=2 + 6 + 18 + 54 + 162 + … (correct)
=2(31−1 + 32−1 + 33−1 + 3 4−1 + 35−1 + …)
=2¿)]
n
=∑ 2 ¿ ¿)
i=1
4. 7 + 13 + 19 + 25 + 31 + …
Solve:
= [ 6 ( 1 ) +1 ] + [ 6 ( 2 ) +1 ] + [ 6 ( 3 ) +1 ] + [ 6 ( 4 ) +1 ] + [ 6 ( 5 ) +1 ] + …
= { [ 6 (1 )+1 ] + [ 6 ( 2 ) +1 ] + [ 6 ( 3 ) +1 ] + [ 6 ( 4 ) +1 ] + [ 6 ( 5 ) +1 ] + …}
n
= ∑ 6i+1
i=1
Unit Exercise 6.3A
1. 8th term is 75; 20th term is 29
Solution:
a 8=a 1+7d=75 a 20=a 1+19d=29
Combine 8 term and 20 term
th th
a 1+ 7d=75
a 1+19d=29
-12d=46
-12 12
d=-3.83 common difference
Solve for 1st term
a 1+7d=75
a 1=75-7d
a 1=75-7(-3.83)
a 1=75+26.81
a 1=101.81 First term
Recursive formula of the sequence
a n=¿a ¿+(n-1)d
1
a n=101.81+(n-1)(-3.83)
a n=101.81 - 3.83n + 3.83
a n=-3.83n + 105.64
2. 12th term is -45; 10th term is -37
Solution:
a 10= a 1 + 9d = -37
a 12= a 1 + 11d = -45
Combine 10th term and 12th term
a 1 + 9d = -37
a 1 + 11d = -45
-2d = 8
-2 -2
d = -2
Solve for 1st term
a 1 + 9d = - 37
a 1 = -37 – 9d
a 1 = -37 – 9(-4)
a 1 = -37 + 36
a 1 = -1 First term
Recursive Formula of the sequence
a n = a 1 + (n-1)d
a n = -1 + (n-1)(-4)
a n = -1 -4n +4
a n = -4n + 3
3. 21st term is 195; 10th term is 85
Solution:
a 10 = a 1 + 9d = 85
a 21 = a 1 + 20d = 195
Combine 10th and 21st terms
a 1 + 9d = 85
a 1 + 20d = 195
-11d = -110
-11 -11
d = 10 common difference
Solve for 1st term
a 1 + 9d = 85
a 1 = 85 – 9d
a 1 = 85 – 9(10)
a 1 = 85 – 90
a 1 = -5 First term
Recursive formula of the sequence
a n = a 1 + (n-1)d
a n = -5 + (n-1)(10)
a n = -5 + 10n -10
a n = 10n – 15
Unit Exercise 6.3B
1. Find the sum of the first 40 terms, given a 1 = 3 and a 40 = 39.
Solution:
Given:
a1 = 3
a n= 29
n = 40
n
S40 = (a 1 + a n)
2
40
= (3 + 29)
2
= 20 (32)
Sn = 640
2. Find the sum of the first 71 terms, given a 1 = 8 and a 71 = -27.
Solution:
Given:
a1 = 8
a 71= -27
a n = 71
n
Sn = (a 1 + a n)
2
71
S71 =
2
[ 8+(−27)]
= 35.5 (8-27)
= 35.5 (-19)
Sn = -674.5
3. Find the sum of the first 26 terms, given a 1=5 and a 26= 220.
Solution:
Given:
a 1=-5
a n= 220
n = 26
n
Sn= (a 1 + a n)
2
26
S26 = (-5+220)
2
= 13(215)
S26 = 2795
1
4. Find the sum of the first 17 terms, given a 1=7 and d= .
4
Solution:
Given:
a 1=7
1
d=
4
n=17
n
Sn= [ 2 a1 + ( n−1 ) d ]
2
S17 =
17
2 [2(7)+ ( 17−1 )
1
4]
[
= 8.5 14+(16)( ) ]1
4
= 8.5 (14 + 4)
= 8.5 (18)
S17 = 152
5. Find the sum of the first 35 terms, given a 1=108 and d=-2.
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 108
d = -2
n = 35
n
Sn= [ 2 a1 + ( n−1 ) d ]
2
35
S35= [ 2(108)+(35−1)(−2) ]
2
= 17.5 [216 + (34)(-2)]
= 17.5 (216 – 64)
= 17.5 (148)
S35= 2590
1
6. Find the sum of the first 82 terms, given a 1= 4 and d= .
3
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 4
1
d=
3
n = 82
n
Sn= [ 2 a1 + ( n−1 ) d ]
2
82
S82= [2(4) +(82-1)¿)]
2
1
= 41 [ 8 + (81)( )]
3
= 41 (8 + 27)
= 41 (35)
S82= 1435
B.
1. Find the sum of the first 25 terms of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, …
Solution:
a 1= 5
n= 25
d= 4 (d=a2 - a 1)
a n= a 1 + (n-1)d
a 25= 5 + (25-1)(4)
= 5 +(24)(4)
= 5 + 96
a 25 = 101
2. Find the sum of the first 14 terms of the arithmetic sequence 8, 11, 14, 17, …
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 8
n = 14
d = 3 (d=a2-a 1)
a n= a 1 + (n-1)d
a 14= 8 + (14-1)(3)
= 8 + (13)(3)
= 8 + 39
a 14= 47
Compute partial of S14
n
Sn= (a 1+a 14)
2
14
S14 = (8 + 47)
2
= 7 (55)
S14 = 385
1 3
3. Find the sum of the first 30 terms of the arithmetic sequence , 1, , 2, …
2 2
Solution:
Given:
1
a 1=
2
n = 30
d = 0.5
a n= a 1 + (n-1)d
1
a 30= + (30-1)(0.5)
2
1
= + (29)(0.5)
2
1
= + 14.5
2
a 30= 15
Compute partial sum of S30
n
Sn= (a 1+a 30)
2
30 1
S30 = ( + 15)
2 2
= 15 (15.5)
S30 = 232.5
4. Find the sum of the first 50 terms of the arithmetic sequence 4, 10, 16, 22, …
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 4
n = 50
d=6
a n= a 1 + (n-1)d
a 50= 4 + (50-1)(6)
= 4 + (49)(6)
= 4 + 294
a 50= 298
Compute partial sum of S50
n
Sn= (a 1+a 50)
2
50
S50 = (4 + 298)
2
= 25 (302)
S50 = 7550
Unit Exercise 6.4A
1. Find the 6th term of the geometric sequence 7, 21, 63, 189, …
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 7
n=6
r=3
a n= a 1 r n−1
a 6= 7[(3 ¿ ¿6−1]
= 7(3 ¿ ¿5
= 7(243)
a 6= 1701
1 1 1 1
2. Find the 8th term of the geometric sequence ,- , ,- ,…
4 8 16 32
Solution:
Given:
1
a 1=
4
n=8
1
r=-
2
n−1
a n= a 1 r
1 −1 8−1
a 8= [( ¿¿ ]
4 2
1 1 7
= (- ¿ ¿
4 2
1 1
= (- )
4 128
1
a 8=-
512
3. Find the general term of 81, -51, 36, -24, …
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 81
n=?
2
r=-
3
a n= a 1 r n−1
2
a n= 81(− ¿ ¿n −1 This is the general term of the geometric sequence
3
81, -54, 36, -24, …
4. Find the 10th term of the geometric sequence 18, 4, 2, 1, …
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 8
n =10
1
r=
2
a n= a 1 r n−1
1
a 10= 8( ¿ ¿10−1
2
1 9
= 8 ( ¿¿
2
1
=8( )
512
8 1
a 10= or
512 64
2
5. Find the 6th term of the geometric sequence , 2, 6, 18, …
3
Solution:
Given:
2
a 1=
3
n=6
r=3
a n= a 1 r n−1
2
a 6= (3 ¿ ¿6−1
3
2
= (3 ¿ ¿5
3
2
= (243)
3
a 6 = 162
1
6. Find the a 7 for the geometric sequence with a 1= 180 and r= - .
3
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 180
n=7
1
r=-
3
n−1
a n= a 1 r
1
a 7= 180 (- ¿ ¿7 −1
3
1 6
= 180 (- ¿ ¿
3
1
= 180 ( )
729
a 7= 0.24691358 or a 7= 0.25
Unit Exercise 6.4B
Find the sum of the following geometric series.
1
1. 4 + 2 + 1 + … + 5
2
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 4
1
r =
2
n=8
Solve:
n n
Sn = ∑ ak r k−1= a 1( 1−r
1−r
)
k =1
18
1−
2
=4( )
1
1−
2
1
1−
256
=4( )
1
2
256−1
256
=4( )
1
2
255
256
=4( )
1
2
510
=4( )
256
2040
= or 7.96875
256
2. 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + … + 220
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 1
n = 21
r =2
Solve:
n n
Sn= ∑ ak r k−1= a 1( 1−r )
k =1 1−r
21
1−2
=1( )
1−2
1−2097152
=1( )
−1
−2097151
=1( )
−1
= 1 (2097151)
= 2097151
3. 2 + 14 + 98 + … + 2(7 ¿ ¿6
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 2
n=7
r =7
Solve:
n n
Sn = ∑ ak r k−1= a 1( 1−r
1−r
)
k =1
7
1−7
= 2( )
1−7
1−823543
= 2( )
−6
−823542
= 2( )
−6
= 2 (137257)
= 274514
4 8
4. 3 + 2 + + +…
3 9
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 3
2
r =
3
∞
a1
Sn = ∑ a1 r k =
k=1 1−r
3
= 2
1−
3
3
= 3−2
3
3
= 1
3
= 9
1 1
5. + +1+2+…
4 2
Solution:
Given:
1
a 1=
4
r =2
∞
a
Sn = ∑ a1 r k = 1
k=1 1−r
1
= 4
1−2
1
= 4
−1
1
=-
4
1 4 8
6. 1 + + + +…
3 9 9
Solution:
Given:
a 1= 1
4
r =
3
Solve:
∞
a1
Sn = ∑ a1 r k =
k=1 1−r
1
= 4
1−
3
1
= 3−4
3
1
= −1
3
3
= or -3
−1