Some Important Conversions © 1 bar = 10° dyne/cm? = 10° Nm = 10° pascal ° 76 cm of Hg = 1.013x10® dyne/em? = 1.013x105 pascal = 1.013 bar. * 1 toricelli or torr = 1 mm of Hg = 1.333x103 dyne/cm? = 1.333 millibar. * 1 kmph = 5/18 ms"! ° 1 dyne=10°N, ¢ 1H.P = 746 watt * 1 kilowatt hour = 36x10° J ¢ 1 kgwt = g newton ¢ 1 calorie = 4.2 joule ¢ 1 electron volt = 1.602x10719 joule * 1erg= 10° jouleSome Important Physical Constants * Velocity of light in vacuum (c) = 3 x 108 ms™ « Velocity of sound in air at STP = 331 ms * Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.81 ms? ¢ Avogadro number (N) = 6.023 x 1023/mol ¢ Density of water at 4°C = 1000 kgm® or 1 g/cc. ¢ Absolute zero = -273.15°C or 0K * Atomic mass unit = 1.66 x 10° kg * Quantum of charge (e) = 1.602 x 10719 C * Stefan’s constant = 5.67 x 1078 W/m?/K4 ¢ Boltzmann's constant (K) = 1.381 x 10°23 JK7 * One atmosphere = 76 cm Hg = 1.013 x 10° Pa ¢ Mechanical equivalent of heat (J) = 4.186 J/cal« Planck's constant (h) = 6.626 x 10°4 Js ¢ Universal gas constant (R) = 8.314 J/mol-K ¢ Permeability of free space (lg) = 4m x 107 Hm « Permittivity of free space (gp) = 8.854 x 10°12 Fm! * The density of air at S.T.P. = 1.293 kg m® * Universal gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10°71 Nm?kg?Derived SI units with Special Names: . . Sl Sym Physical quantity unit bol Frequency hertz Hz Energy joule J Force newto N n Power watt W Pressure pases Pa Electric charge or coulo c quantity of electricity mb Electric potential difference Volt Vv and emf Electric resistance ohm 2 Electric conductance stem’ SsElectric resistance Electric conductance Electric capacitance Magnetic flux Inductance Magnetic flux density Illumination Luminous flux ohm sieme farad weber henry tesla lux lumen Lx LmDimensional Formulas _ for Physical Quantities Dime nsion Physical quantity Unit al form ula Acceleration or / ms-2 iT-2 acceleration due to gravity oy, Oo Angle (arc/radius) rad vt L mele Angular displacement rad T° Angular frequency (angular rads7! To displacement/time) ; 2: Angular impulse (torque x Aris ME T time)Angular momentum (Iw) Angular velocity (angle/time) Area (length x breadth) Boltzmann's constant Bulk modulus (AP. .,) Calorific value Coefficient of linear or areal or volume expansion Coefficient of surface tension (force/length) kgm?s -1 rads~! JK" Nm-2, Pa Jkg"" °C! or Kol Nm7! or Jm~ 2 ML?T -1 Tl L2 ML?T L2T-2 MT~2Coefficient of thermal conductivity Coefficient of viscosity (F = Ate) Compressibility (1/bulk modulus) Density (mass / volume) Displacement, wavelength, focal length Electric capacitance (charge/potential) Electric conductance (1/resistance) Electric conductivity (1/resistivity) cv}, farad Ohm7" or mho or siemen siemen /metre or Sm7 1 MLT 3971 ML~ 1 MO ILqT2 ML-3 IL- 274 /2 M- IL- 2732 Mo IL- 373 |2Electric charge or quantity of electric charge (current x time) Electric current Electric dipole moment (charge x distance) Electric field strength or Intensity of electric field (force/charge) Electric resistance ( potential dif ference ) current Emf (or) electric potential (work/charge) Energy (capacity to do work) Energy density energy ( volume ) coulo mb amper Cm Nc71, Vm" ohm volt joule Jm-3 LTl ML™ 17-2Entropy (AS = AQ/T) Force (mass x acceleration) Force constant or spring constant (force/extension) Frequency (1/period) Gravitational potential (work/mass) Heat (energy) Illumination (IIluminance) Impulse (force x time) Je“! newton (N) Nm" Hz Jkg™! Jor calorie lux (lumen /metre ) Ns or kgms™ 1 ML?T -2g-1 MLT~ MT? T1 L2T-2 ML?T =2, MT? MLT~ 1Inductance (L) (energy = $LI’) or coefficient of self-induction Intensity of gravitational field (F/m) Intensity of magnetization () Joule’s constant or mechanical equivalent of heat Latent heat (Q = mL) Linear density (mass per unit length) Luminous flux henry (H) Jkg"! 1 kgm~ lumen or (Js™ ML?T ~2)-2 ML?TMagnetic dipole moment Magnetic flux (magnetic induction x area) Magnetic induction (F = Bil) Magnetic pole strength (unit: ampere—meter) Modulus of elasticity (stress/strain) Moment of inertia (mass x radius?) Momentum (mass x velocity) Permeability of free space _ 4nFd? ( ~~ mim ) Am? weber (Wb) Nitm TorT Nm-?, Pa kgm kgms~ 1 Hm7! or NA 2 LI ML- 17-2 ML? MLT~ 1 MLT~ 24-2Permeability of tree space _ 4a Fd? 0 ~~ mymz Permittivity of free space — 192 €o = Tre Planck’s constant (energy/frequency) Poisson's ratio (lateral strain/longitudinal strain) Power (work/time) Pressure (force/area) Pressure coefficient or volume coefficient Pressure head AM © or NA™ Fm! or C?N7 Im 2 Js Js! or watt (W) Nm-? or Pa °¢-1 or 7! MLT™ 24-2 M- Ip- 3742Pressure head Radioactivity Ratio of specific heats Refractive index Resistivity or specific resistance Specific conductance or conductivity (1/specific resistance) Specific entropy (1/entropy) Specific gravity (density of the substance/density of water) disinte gration s per second -m siemen /metre or Sm7 i KJ71 MeL° T°Specific heat (Q = mst) Specific volume (1/density) Speed (distance/time) Stefan’s constant heat energy area x time x temperature? Strain (change in dimension/original dimension) Stress (restoring force/area) Surface energy density (energy/area) Temperature Temperature gradient change in temperature distance Jkg™ 1g-1 Nm-? or Pa Jm-? °C ord °Cm7! or 8m~ 1 M°L? 2971 1,3 iT! ML°T -39-4 M°L° T° ML- 17-2 MT~2 M°L° T° MeL" 1T°9Thermal capacity (mass x specific heat) Time period Torque or moment of force (force x distance) Universal gas constant (work/temperature) Universal gravitational constant (F=G.™) Velocity (displacement/time) Velocity gradient (dv/dx) Volume (length x breadth x height) Water equivalent Work (force x displacement) Je“! second Nm Jmol 1g-1 kg ML?T -2g-1 ML?T -2 ML?T -29-1 IL3q- 2 i" Tl L3 ML°T oO ML?T -2Quantities Having the Same Dimensional Formula PNA © RFR ON oO . Impulse and momentum. Work, torque, the moment of force, energy. . Angular momentum, Planck’s constant, rotational impulse. Stress, pressure, modulus of elasticity, energy density. Force constant, surface tension, surface energy. . Angular velocity, frequency, velocity gradient. Gravitational potential, latent heat. . Thermal capacity, entropy, universal gas constant and Boltzmann’s constant. . Force, thrust. . Power, luminous flux.Applications of Dimensional Analysis Dimensional analysis is very important when dealing with physical quantities. In this section, we will learn about some applications of dimensional analysis. Fourier laid down the foundations of dimensional analysis. The Dimensional formulas are used to: 1. Verify the correctness of a physical equation. [Link] a_ relationship between physical quantities. 3. Converting the units of a physical quantity from one system to another system.