1. 1.

STEEL REINFORCEMENT GENERAL

a. This section shall apply to round bars 19 mm or smaller in diameter with strength of SR 235 to SR 295 and deformed bars D41 or smaller in nominal diameter with strength of SD 295 to SD 390. Fabrication and placement of reinforcement of types, diameters and strength levels not covered by this section shall be as specified in the Special Provisions. b. The bar types, diameters scope of applications, as well as the number, shapes and dimensions of bars shall be as specified in the Special Provisions. All longitudinal bars shall be deformed bars. c. The types and diameters of weld mesh and reinforcement grid shall be in accordance with the Special Provision. d. Splicing of reinforcement shall be lap slices, gas pressure welding splices or special splices and shall be in accordance with the Special Provisions. Unless specified in the Special Provisions, the Contractor shall determine the method of splicing subject to approval by the Architect/Engineer. Deformed bars with a diameter D35 or larger shall as a rule have no lap splices. e. Reinforcement bars shall site-assembled or preassembled and shall be placed in accordance with the Special Provisions. Unless specified in the Special Provisions, the Contractor shall determine the placement method subject to approval by the Architect/Engineer. f. The Contractor shall formulate a construction plan and shop drawings based on the Special Provisions and submit them to the Architect/Engineer for approval.

1.2

a. Reinforcing bars to be used shall conform to JIS G 3112 (Steel REINFORCING Bars for Reinforced Concrete Structures) BARS AND WELD MESH b. Weld mesh and reinforcement grid shall conform to JIS G 3551 (Weld Mesh and Reinforcement Grid). a. Deleteriously bent or defective bars shall not be used. b. Reinforcing bars in coils shall be used after passing through a straightener. Bars shall not be damaged during the straightening process. FABRICATION OF REINFORCEMENT

1.3

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2. 2.1

CONCRETE PLAIN AND REINFORCED

This specification shall apply to cast-in-place reinforce concrete work, SCOPE including reinforced work for such structure as steel-framed reinforcement concrete structures, and unreinforced concrete work. Concrete work shall conform to all requirements of building works with SPECIFICATIONS Japanese Architectural Standard specification (JASS 5, 2004). Concrete shall be composed of Portland cement, water fine and coarse COMPOSITION aggregate and any admixtures as and when specified. The concrete mixtures will be designed by the engineer who will determine the required quality of the concrete for the structures covered by these specifications. The desired strengths of concrete for various parts of the project have been shown on the drawing.

2.2 2.3

2.4

Cement shall conform to the Standard specifications, as provided here under; PORTLAND All cement shall be ordinary Portland Cement confirming to the requirements CEMENT of JIS R 5210 (Portland Cement). Aggregates for normal concrete shall conform standard specification to JASS AGGREGATES 5 Section 4, (Concrete Material). The maximum size of course aggregate shall be 25 mm, mm. 20 mm or 15 GRADING

2.5

2.6

Aggregates for reinforced concrete should comply with JISS 5, 2004. The maximum size of course aggregate is given in following Table. Table 2.1 Maximum size of Course Aggregate Classified by Member Group (mm)

Member

Gravel

Crushed stone, blast-furnace slag coarse aggregate 20 20,25,40

Recycled aggregate 20,25 20,25

Columns, beans, floor 20,25 slabs, walls Foundations 20,25,40

Normal-weight aggregate shall be in accordance with (1) through (3) below: Gravel and sand shall possess the qualities specified in Tables 2.1 and 2.2. However, gravel and sand with an oven-dry density of 2.4g/cm3 or larger and a water absorption of 4.0% or less and sand with a chloride content between 0.04% and 0.1% may be used in accordance with the Special Provisions, provided that the concrete containing such aggregates is proven to possess the specified qualities.

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Table 2.2 Quality of Gravel and Sand Oven-dry Water specific Type absorption density (%) (g/cm3) Gravel 2.5 3.0

Clay lumps (%) 0.2

Volume lost by wash test (%) 1.0

Organic impurities Lighter in color than standard solution or sample color

Chlorides (NaCl) equivalent (%) -

Sand

2.5

3.5

1.0

3.0

0.04(1)

Note: (1) 0.02 (%) for the long-term planned service life class. Table 2.3 Standard Grading of Gravel and Sand
Percentage passing each sieve, by mass (%) Nominal Sieve size (mm) Gravel (Max. size, mm) 40mm 25mm 20mm
50 100 40 95100 30 10 0 25 9510 0 10 0 20 3570 90100 15 3070 10 1030 2055 100 5 0-5 010 010 90100 2.5 0-5 0-5 8010 0 5090 1.2 0.6 -2565 1035 0.3 210(1) 0.15 -

Sand

Note: (1)

When using combinations of crushed sand and slag sand, the percentage passing a 0.15-mm sieve shall be 15%. (2) Crushed stone and crushed sand shall conform to JIS A 5005 (Crushed Stone and Crushed Sand for Concrete), and slag aggregate shall conform to JIS A 5011 (Slag Aggregate for Concrete). (3) Recycled aggregates shall conform to Table 4.2 and 4.3, and shall contain not more than 1.0% in weight of the grains that float in the liquid of the density of 1.95(g/cm3). (4) When using combinations of different types of aggregates, each aggregate shall meet the quality requirements before blending specified in (1), (2) or (3) above, respectively. However, the chloride content and grading shall meet the requirements of Tables 2.2 and 2.3 after blending. When chemical or physical unsoundness of aggregate is suspected, the use of it and method of use shall be subject to approval by the Architect/Engineer. Aggregates for concrete portions requiring exceptionally high fire resistance shall be in accordance with the Special Provisions. Lightweight aggregates shall be in accordance with Section 16 Lightweight Concrete.

d. e. f. 2.7

MIX a. Specified mixture proportions of concrete shall be determined to provide PROPORTION the required workability, strength, Youngs modulus, durability. 3 of 12

b. Specified mixture proportions shall as a rule is established on the basis of trail mixtures. However, when JIS A 5308 conformed ready-mixed concrete is to be employed, the trail mixing process may be omitted. c. The age for strength control of concrete in structure shall be within 91 days and as specified in the Special Provisions. Unless specified in the Special Provisions, it shall be 28 days. d. The curing method of control specimens for the strength of concrete in structure shall be in accordance with the Special Provisions. Unless specified in the Special Provisions, the method shall be water curing under field conditions or standard curing when the designated age for strength control is 28 days and seal curing under field conditions when the designated age is older than 28 days. 2.8 a. Proportioning strength shall be expressed as the 28-days old compressive strength of standard-cured specimens, and shall be in accordance with (1) or (2) below depending on the designated age for strength control of concrete in structure. (1) Where the age for strength control of concrete in structure is 28 days, the proportioning strength shall be the larger of the values calculated by Eqs. (5.1) and (5.2). F = Fq + T + 1.73 (N/mm2) F = 0.85 (Fq + T) = 3 (N/mm2) (5.1) (5.2) PROPORTIONING STRENGTH

(2) Where the age for strength control of concrete in structure is n days (28<n 91), the proportioning strength shall be the larger of the values calculated by Eqs. (5.3) and (5.4). F = Fq + Tn + 1.73 (N/mm2) F = 0.85 (Fq +Tn) = 3 (N/mm2) (5.3) (5.4)

Where, F = proportioning strength of concrete (N/mm2) Fq= quality standard strength of concrete (N/mm2) T = correction value for concrete strength according to the anticipated mean air temperature where the age for strength control is 28 days (N/mm2) Tn= correction value for concrete strength according to the anticipated mean air temperature where the age for strength control is n days (28<n 91) (N/mm2). = standard deviation of concrete strength (N/mm2). b. Correction values of concrete strength in terms of anticipated mean air temperature, T and Tn shall be in accordance with (1) and (2) below, 4 of 12

respectively: (1) T shall be determined using Table 5.1 according to the type of cement and anticipated mean air temperature range. Where cement other than those indicated in Table 5.1 is employed, T shall be as specified in the Special Provisions. (2) Tn shall be determined using Table 5.2 according to the type of cement and anticipated mean air temperature range. Where cement other than those indicated in table 5.2 is employed, Tn shall be as specified in the Special Provisions.
Table 5.1 Standard Values of Correction Value T for concrete Strength Range of anticipated mean air temperature, t, Type of cement during 28 days after concrete placement (C) Normal Portland 16 8 t < 16 3t<8 Cement Correction value T for concrete strength in terms of air 0 3 6 temperature (N/mm2).

Table 5.2 Standard Values of Correction Value Tn for Concrete Strength Age n Range of anticipated mean air Type of cement (days) temperature, t, during 28 days after concrete placement 42 8 4t<8 2t<4 Normal Portland 56 4 2t<4 cement 91 2 Correction value Tn for concrete strength in terms of 0 3 6 air temperature (N/mm2)

2.9

c. The standard deviation of the strength of concrete employed, shall be established based on records at the ready-mixed concrete plant. Where no WORKABILITY record is available, it shall be the larger of 2.5 N/mm2 and 0.1 Fq. AND SLUMP a. The workability of concrete shall be such that the concrete can be placed densely in all corners of forms and around reinforcing bars with minimum bleeding and segregation under the conditions of portions to be placed and methods of deposition compaction to be employed. b. The slump of concrete with a quality standard strength of 33 N/mm2 or higher shall be 21 cm at the highest. It shall be 18 cm at the highest for concrete with a quality standard strength of less than 33 N/mm2. However, the slump of lightweight concrete, plasticized concrete, high fluidity concrete, high strength concrete, mass concrete and concrete placed underwater shall be in accordance with Sections 16, 17, 18, 19, 22 and 25, respectively. 5 of 12

2.10

WATER-CEMENT RATIO a. The maximum water-cement ratio shall be as specified in Table 5.3. For cements other than those indicated in Table 5.3, the maximum watercement ratio shall be as specified in the Special Provisions. Table 5.3 Type of cement
(1)

Maximum water-cement Ratios

Portland cement Type A Portland blast-furnace slag cement Type A Portland fly-ash cement Type A Portland pozzolan cement Type B Portland blast-furnace slag cement Type B Portland fly-ash cement Type B Portland pozzolan cement

60

b.
2.11

The water-cement ratio shall be a value necessary for attaining the proportioning strength but not more than the maximum value specified in a above. CEMENT CONTENT a. The cement content shall be not less than the values calculated from the water-cement ratio in 5.4 and unit water content in 5.5. b. The cement content shall be at least 270 kg/m3.

2.12

AIR CONTENT The air content of concrete containing an air-entraining admixture, airentraining and water-reducing admixture or air-entraining and high-range water-reducing admixture shall be as specified in the Special Provisions. Unless specified in the Special Provisions, it shall be 4.5%.

2.13

PLACING a. In placing, concrete shall be deposited as near as practicable to its final position. Care shall be exercised to prevent concrete from staining surfaces of reinforcement, formwork and preset tile that are out of the concreting section being placed. b. At construction joints, concrete shall be placed and compacted with care to leave no unsound portion near the joints due to inadequate compaction or concentration of bleeding water. c. Concrete shall be placed continuously to achieve monolithic concrete in a section for which one sequence of concrete placing is planned. d. The rate of placing shall be in the range of allowing efficient compaction depending on the workability of concrete and construction conditions of the relevant portions. e. The free-fall height in placing concrete shall be limited to a range in 6 of 12

which no segregation of concrete occurs. f. The time limit for intervals between placing operations shall be determined in the range of causing no cold joints, subject to approval by the Architect/Engineer. g. Displacement of steel bars, forms. Spacers or steel bar supports shall be corrected before placing concrete to ensure proper cover depth.
2.14

COMPACTION a. Concrete shall be compacted around reinforcement and embedded metals and into corners of the forms so that dense concrete can be obtained. b. Internal vibrators, form vibrators or tamping rods shall be used for compaction. Other tools shall be used as auxiliary equipment where necessary. c. Internal vibrators shall be used on each fresh layer of concrete and inserted vertically to a depth so that the tips of vibrators penetrate the top level of the previously placed layer of concrete. The distance between insertions of vibrators shall be not more than 60 cm, and vibrating shall be continued until cement paste rises to the concrete surface.

d. Form vibrators shall be vibrated systematically according to the depth and rate of concrete placing so that dense concrete can be achieved. CURING 2.15 Beginning immediately after placement, concrete shall be protected from rapid drying excessively hot or cold temperatures, rapid temperature changes, vibration and external forces for the period necessary for sufficient hydration of the cement and hardening of he concrete.
2.16

MOIST CURING Concrete after placement shall be moist-cured by being covered with sheathing with low water permeability, curing mats or watertight sheeting, or by water spraying, fogging, or application of a curing compound. The curing period shall be in accordance with Table 8.1 according to planned service life classes.
Table 8.1 Moist Curing Period Planned service life class General/Standard 3 days 5 days 7 days

Cement type High-early-strength Portland cement Normal Portland cement Other cements

Long-term 5 days 7 days 10 days

For concrete members 18 cm or more in thickness made using high-early strength Portland cement or normal Portland cement, moist curing may be terminated even before the completion of the moist curing period specified in a above, if it is confirmed that the compressive strength of the concrete* meets the requirements of Table 8.2. 7 of 12

[Note] * This should be carried out in accordance with JASS 5 T-603 (Method of Test for Compressive Strength for Estimating Strength of Concrete in Structure). The curing method should be the same as that for control specimens for concrete in structure.
Table 8.2 Compressive Strength of Concrete Required for Terminating Moist Curing (N/mm2) Planned service life class General/Standard Long-term 10 15

Cement type High-early-strength Portland cement Normal Portland cement

a. When sheathing is to be removed after the period of retaining sheathing specified in 12.9 but before the period specified in a above or before the concrete attains the compressive strength specified in b above, the exposed surfaces of concrete shall be kept moist by spraying water, fogging or other appropriate methods until the end of the specified period or until the specified compressive strength is attained.
2.17

b. Under high air temperature, strong wind or direct sunlight, curing shall be controlled to avoid rapid drying of the concrete surfaces. DESIGN DEPTH a. The design cover depth shall not be less than the values given in Table 10.1 and shall be specified in the Design Documents or Special Provisions. Unless specified in the Special Provisions or Design Documents, the minimum cover depth shall be the values given in Table 10.1.
Table 10.1 Standard Values of Design Cover Depth Design Cover Depth Portion With finishing(1) Without finishing Portions not Floor slabs, roof Indoor 30 30 in contact slabs, nonbearing Outdoor 30 40 with the walls ground Columns, beam, Indoor 40 40 bearing walls Outdoor 40 50 Retaining walls 50 50 Portion in Columns, beams, floor slabs, contact with walls, risers of continuous 50(2) the ground footing Foundations, retaining walls 70(2) Note: (1) This refers to finishing effective in increasing durability. (2) For lightweight concrete, these values shall be increased by 10 mm.

COVER

b. Where effective measures against reinforcement corrosion are taken, the cover depth and corrosion-inhibiting treatment for diagonal bars placed at corners and openings of buildings to control cracking shall be as specified in the Special Provisions or Design documents. Unless specified in the Special Provisions or Design Documents, the design cover depth shall be as specified in Table 10.1. 8 of 12

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3.
3.1

STRUCTURAL STEEL (JASS 6 1993)

This Section covers general requirements for structural steel SCOPE work, fabrication, methods and precautions for erection of steel structures and other miscellaneous general requirements to construction work in which structural steel is used for main structural members of buildings or structure. This Section also covers furnishing, fabricating and installing and painting metal not otherwise specified under other Sections of the Specifications. The applicable requirements of this Section shall apply to all GENERAL Structural Steel Work under this specification. Structural steel shall conform to the requirement of STRUCTURAL JAPANESE ARCHITECTURAL STANDARDS STEEL SPECIFICATION (JASS 6 1993), Structural steel specification for building constructions. The different shapes of angles and their dimensions are provided in JASS 6 1993 Code, but for reference a typical detail provide in Annexure A. Except as otherwise shown on the Drawings, welding material WELDING shall conform the standard specification for class of base MATERIAL metal sizes and building conditions for standard shown in table.
Standard No. JIS Z 3211 JIS Z 3212 JIS Z 3214 JIS Z 3351 JIS Z 3352 JIS Z 3312 JIS Z 3315 JIS Z 3313 Title Covered electrodes for mild steel Covered electrodes for high strength steel Covered electrodes for atmospheric corrosion resisting steel Submerged are welding fluxes for carbon steel and low alloy steel Submerged are welding fluxes for carbon steel and high strength steel MAG welding solid wires for mild steel and high strength steel Solid wire for CO2 gas shielded are welding of atmospheric corrosion resisting steel Are welding flux cored wires for mild steel and high strength steel

3.2. 3.3.

3.4

3.4.1

Welding rod for manual welding of structural carbon steels, STRUCTURAL E-60 or E-70 series electrodes shall be used. For High- WELDING ROD strength low alloy steels E-70 series Low Hydrogen Electrodes shall be used. Except as otherwise indicated on the Drawings or specified BOLTS, NUTS AND herein, bolts and nuts shall conform the requirements of AIJ WASHERS Structure Steel Standard Specifications for Carbon Steel Externally and Internally Threaded Standard Fasteners. Bolts 10 of 12

3.5.

shall be Grade A for general application, with square or hexagon heads. Nuts shall be 4T of JIS B 1180 and 4T of JIS B 1181 of similar material, finish class of fit and thread series as their companion bolts and shall be washer-faced except as otherwise indicated or specified. Anchor bolts shall be of diameter as shown hooked or eyed as required and provided with sleeve nuts and double nuts as shown. Screw anchor devices for setting in concrete to permit withdrawal of anchor bolts after concrete have set. 3.5.1 The Building Standards Law prescribes that hexagon bolt HEXAGON BOLT fastening cannot be generally applied except for structures with maximum eaves height of not more than 9m, span of not more than 13m and total floor area of not more than 3,000m2. Therefore, hexagon bolt fastening is limited to relatively insignificant structures. The angles, channels or girders being used shall conform to FABRICATING the above mentioned specifications. All sections to be used in fabrication shall be of correct cut-lengths, not to produce any extra tension in the members due to shortening or increase in cut-lengths, more than exactly required. i) This part concerns anticorrosive paint on steel frames to give them long-term rust resistance. The classification and scope of paint shall comply with the special notes. ii) Temporary anticorrosive paint to prevent stains due to rust general during the construction period shall comply with the special notes. 3.8 The work covered by this Clause includes furnishing and MISCELLANEOUS installing miscellaneous structural steel work including METAL the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3.9 Steel stairs Steel ladders Fixed or removable railing Embedded steel anchors/fasteners. Miscellaneous work required in ANTICORROSIVE PAINT

3.6

3.7

structural steel. Structural steel trusses, stairs, door frames and windows etc STEEL TRUSSES, complete with stringers, grating treads and landings, STAIRS, DOOR structural steel supports, handrail supports and other FRAMES AND fastenings shall be furnished and installed in accordance WINDOWS ETC 11 of 12

with the details, sizes and dimensions, and at the locations shown on the Drawings. 3.9.1 All material for steel trusses, stairs, door frames and windows MATERIAL etc, except as otherwise shown, shall be steel conforming to JASS 6 (1993) Specifications for Structural Steel work for building constructions. All Steel fabrications shall be in a first class workmanlike INSTALLATION manner. The units shall be shop assembled and fabricated in sub-assemblies for convenient installation. Field connections shall be made as indicated on the Drawings. The embedded metalwork to be furnished and installed under EMBEDDED this Clause shall include anchor bolts, anchor bars, and METALWORK other metal work required for installation. The embedded metal work shall be of materials and standards specified on the Drawings. Before placing concrete care shall be taken to determine that all embedded items are firmly and securely fastened.

3.9.2

3.10

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