Software engineering Cheat Sheet
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Entity-relationship model Links
An entity is a thing that exists either physically or logically. Entities Entity-relationship models
can be thought of as nouns: a company, a computer. Class diagram
A relationship captures how entities are related to one another. Data modeling
Relationships can be thought of as verbs, linking two or more nouns.
Use case
Entities and relationships can both have attributes.
Every entity must have a minimal set of uniquely identifying attrib‐ UML diagrams
utes, which is called the entity's primary key.
class a type of static structure diagram that describes the
diagram structure of a system by showing the system's classes,
Relation representation
their attributes, operations, and the relationships among
objects.
object shows a complete or partial view of the system at a
diagramm given moment of time
domain conceptual model of the domain that incorporates both:
model behaviour and data
Class diagramm
Three compartments of class diagramm:
- Name of the class;
- Attributes of the class;
- Methods of the class;
Class members visibility
+ public
- private
Various methods of representing the same one to many relationship. # protected
In each case, the diagram shows the relationship between a person / derived
and a place of birth: each person must have been born at one, and ~ package
only one, location, but each location may have had zero or more
To specify the visibility of a class member (i.e. any attribute or
people born at it.
method), these notations must be placed before the member's name
UML relations notation
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Software engineering Cheat Sheet
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Instance-level relationships in class diagramms
dependency connection between dependent and independent
model elements; exists when changes to one element
may cause changes in dependent element; this
relation in uni-directional
association association is a relationship between two classes
when, that allows one instance to perform an action
on behalf of another;
aggregation aggregation is a variant of "has a" relationship; it can
occur when a class is a collection of other classes;
contained classes are not automatically destroyed
when the container is
composition more specific version of aggregation; when container
destroyed every insance if contains will be destroyed
as well; composition unlike aggregation is a "whole-‐
part" relationship
Both aggregation and composition are types of association betweetn
classes. The aggregation relationship is often "catalog" containment
to distinguish it from composition's "physical" containment.
Class-level relationship
inheri‐ indicates that subcless is a cperialized form of superclass;
tance implements "is a" relationship;
realiz‐ relationship between compotent and it's interface;
ation
General relationship
dependency weaker form of bond that indicates that one class is
dependent on the other; one class depends on
another when the independent class is a paramter or
local variable;
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