+ Ditmensionally Horn Mathe matically cory | Onit -5 DATE \ _ 6} [Dimensional Analysis? (using principle of dimensional homogeneity) a W | Ray leigh’s Method + £(x) = f (4) > % __&: Resistance R_ to the motion of sphere of diameter Dp moving with uniform velocity V through a real Fluid having density ¢ and viscosity +4 (dynamic viscosity) - Find functional relationship using Religh method. Ans. R= £0 Pv, 8, t) n tl aca oH 6a here seas constant _f-e. @ no_ dimension Variable Dimensyoni [oS ce tay ee I Putting in W) 5 a1 +Q-d) - 3@l-d) -d) = 1 | Al +( 2-3) + Cais) -di »p AP in the pe of dia D | S$, viscosity 4 qe herght of | pro truden sure dvop such thatSPE chose unknown which ave obestdecthe furctione rms $ | yelationship | | (alin vonantes ensive: pracnet) z a 3 fF: variable Dimension _| - No. _. a Oy AP. ret z |_| (2) D L &)_ | c t rm s ae So Ak molt © v i @ = An 1 oma” 1 ec a er) py tt . Foy M co +d) =! 4 E ait bi-3q) -di+er +4, =-) + | aI -di-e) 2 Expressing Ayicl and e, in terms of remainl unknown , @ 9 = 1-4) WwW) > e =2-a, di) 1 +b) — 301-41) — ant(2—q ie saute Nee Phat tae ot lea | | = = By ay # | oT fh ae oo be We (ae )\ ? Bee. D xs e|From_the above eq” parcy Wesbatch equ linear _relationship- ao? D — it {s observed that wp AAExperimen tally -RHS = = x(hf) ap served cote = Ee 24D P he = 4 eLy* 2gDd @ Baekingham___— Theorem? ; Xi = Ff (%2,%3, X4 += Xn) £,0% )%o) XB... Xn) =o fan, » Wry ---) Mp-m) = 9 ___where, TM terms are non dimenosyonal numbers — Number of variables je. clependent + independent var)ables __m - number of dimensions involved in a describing the all variables in the henomenon, eee ee = (enerally in flurq mechanics m=3 (M,t,T) ) Formation of ™ Terms: . = By armbinin. t re) Nariables 41 . (Chose variables which are appearing tn cycry {| terms is called repeating variable ) : Rules =e So —_ Ss for selecting repeating variables | They should together include all the dimen= sions required for describing | varfables in phenomenon. —_ pte Together they should not form any 2 non dimensional number _3s_As fa as possible, dependent variables should not be used as repeating variables - 4 No tuo repeating variables should have same dimensions. 5- Repemting variable should be selected in a way that it includes rms Area i = = (i) Geotnctrie _pyoperties CL, D, A, Vip) i eledty_ piametey volume : (i) Flow properties (45° 8) aya Ui) Flutd__properties (5s, ,u, kD Densrty Viscosity compres bNtY The resistance R_ experrenced by partially submerged body depends apon velocity oe length (1), viscosity (44) , density (8) and ravitational acceleration tq). obtain dimension less method using Backinghan 1 method . Re fy Vy tg tg) Fila php yay $14) =o. n= +S =6Li melt! mc = LT Choosing repeating vaniables as Pe Apne 5. Geome tri} > Fluid Flow a = : gti Sa TR a er eens fepeating Te ee “4 variables For ™ , - er AOU Tc eee CTD), Tm) MLT comparing dimensions, M O20 2 a =-1 L £ SP i mes ere 2a ¥ T ah) =2 36 > +pyeee Ai =2-— 31) +1et eel eT = Pe eas foe Ag — eel) =) eo a aT eee Ae AVS 3, Beer = 2? Ga we a comp ating Pimensions, ieee =O Mi: as +b-3G t! =o mc =—ps = 2 = 0 > by =-2 peas 2 3 lo) +1 =o is Prototype — Actual structure Model ~ For performing operation (Trials on ipod — a = = | = ve [or R SNoU er, Jae “ 2 eciepapate zactis) ila GN) a i R SV eee asNe (aw © Similitudes : x. m oi pamamemneee 3 —— W) Geometrical Similarity ®) Kinematic similarity wo Dynamic Similarity @_ Geometrical Similarity 2 as| Dynamye Similarity + _ | _Foyces at prototype and model beay same __ ratio and at equivalent pofnts their direction {s same. ¥* |Vayvous _ Forces Affecting Fluid Flow: Inertra Force , Fi = MAV = SAV Av So Fis SAV Viscous Force, Fy eS RAN, ety emny = XA = 4 xX Away, iat Sex Ax Vv = aner-+a Ferce ff Viscous Force Fy pea SAN AA XN — characteristic length inal@ Froud e’s Number _, _mx4 =e Ss xvolume xq ts KAX LX Fr = Nv. Ta ® Euley's Nur ber , Ey = = Fe Fp = PxXA _ Ey = [sxax PXA af Entel desaeel Ele = = @ Webcy Number (Wp) = Fr | nae aan Fs I Fo = Xb (surface tension force) Wp = [Sx aAxv* x v2 © Xt, Sxb | Weweusly L ge@_ Mach Number, om — subsonic sonic Superson’c Hypersonrc ~~ ans — Sonic is appli cable when viscous force force are dominant. aN @. AN oi) of sp. qravity 0-42 and v ty 6:03 pofse iS to be trans ported at the _rate of 2500 415 through @ 12m _ diameter _.._ | pipe .slests Were, performed on 12 om _ dia- | Meter pipe using water at 26°. TF the = lviscosity of tho at 20% js 0:01 porse, find Ai) Velocity of flow in model QW) Rate of flow in the mode). } Ans. *Prototy pe: @) Sp = 920 kglm? W)_ 4p = 0-03 porse = 6-003 a Fl lt) @p = 2500 titls =25 mls | Gy) Dp = +2m * Model * ) um = 9:01 poise = 0:00] N-s|(m*. W) Dm = 12 em a 12 Mm. (oz W) Qn =72 In situation of problem inertia force and viscous force are only dominant forees [Hence Renoyld!s rnedel law is applicable. Rem) = (Rep4 = ee Ap’ Np: e => Vp = _@p oe Bec SO Ap I x C12) =5 we Ree ge SS pt a ag oe OP rrp ss a 2-2. 1000 X Vm _xo-12 _ 920K 2-2 X 12 es 0:00 | 0-008 EE ee ee @m = Vm (Arn) + a -_ =n _ (6-4) "x (0-12) + = 0-075 M/s . tof screwed propeler 15 dependent jugen the diameter _p, speed of Advance CV), jon per seconds (N) , fluid density (S) land coefficient of viscosity (4). Experiments were performed wlth various Models of er MWhat are the dimensionless qroup veh data should be plotted? chavacteristics of propeller by means of qcometrially similar 00 mm diameter. When the mode) C _by a torque ofie a re poo = —— advance is 3 mls. Determine following for ‘ ‘full scale propeller. G) Speed of advance di) Thrust iy Torque : 4 Ans.) T="F Cb) WN) Spey \@ Prototype +: : — G) Dp = 8m (i) Np = 120 e@ Mode} + @ vp=9 —— GW) Dm = 600mm _ =0-6 Uly tp = 7 il) Nm = 480 npr Gi) Te) pg = 30 N—-m w@ Im = 300N | Ww Vm = 3 mls UID Ce) p= 9 using Backingham 1 ~ Theorem £_(m )Me Ts) =o. By of feyhold number can be ne ay<- 4 Cal-presure Read obtain from BernauliJesr = ai ee S ptv2 Rec << — . Gs oe aan i — pi (Py Model tas) | v/™ iC P } 0-6 x4R0 — 4-3xl20 3 aid | “p = & mis = M —(), - _\ stvi/p Tp 42g) 2 6h acetate Sm = 5S = 46900 ete N-= Te 3340 0:0625 = Tp 61440 Nm