Movs Heavy leansteR_ | At Hen a alt Basic Equation The bose qpctions of heal deandey aye as Colors + (The toegy alamce Equation iadm ORY syslem fos Neat eanster amallysic +e following falance equation has do be. setts fied, accosding to len of Onsowation of emegy : Em Eq > Ent + Ey hoe, Gin eng intion into Re sydem., & ~ enegy qenoated inside Re system Feu ~ en outflow from the system. Ee ~ change vn the | exnal eoony fiom fe syiterm @ Rate equétion (tas of heat transfer) oH is important to, eeoetiy he amouat of emegy bein Frounstisnedh ger unikidime omd hence ve Aequne the use of ate equakion - : dh the hema, of heat though arterials \ Condusbon — : wifodt any nial mation OF Tass ae “ naten ol » The rate hon hich is knqun as founa's low, in x-daedion is [Link], fh - Asean (wy : 4 4 Ox — heat leansfey) in x- dis eLion Qe = kag k-thamal conductivity (ulna + oe = clempacture a ahi He 2. (omedbon - dE is the heat transfer poss ty ~Hevmal emeqy is hamefened Sitiseun solid 5 fuid suaseum dling The adhe equctton is given by Newton's lew of cooling©: ha{t- Ta] wher, Q- convehon heat shanster (ni) cy | h- convection heal tyomste, co- efficent [wn k) Ee 7- Tempuluse of Re suntgce of Reo body (k) To Temperature of Re ae medium, (x) 2. Radidlion - heat teamster provess which Re Rermal, enes as tvanstened tnchomnaed Belisera 2 Suafaces iy 4 Me absence of senedduven “The aale equal om is given by | Qe cent Te] hoe, =~ Stehhen Bolly man conttvil tn [hf nte * 5.664 1168 & - Pomisivity of the suxface T~ Absolute surface ‘temper atuse Teo ~Tempoaline’ oF he Sunounding medium, -D heat conduclfon qevening | equation dn met cases of heal hroncfer takes glare ta-B4p avec ' nme, ; t=p heat conduition implies that Jemperdine cc " : Considered a consideable i one- dbedion aie adabively ne Lgible in othe 2 duvctions,- , heat teamsi, ocons ein | direction . Consegu + Example r, dage sab oF tall there Length in 1-d Hhidknes) ip mall. compoaed fo oe 2 dimensions p then, © am be dekon ite +em poaluse vats only along abi ckness rdon cylin dea Khose lempoaluse anaybe assumed 4o vey along Hs aadins . : . Sphue whose tem perdbure maybe assum ed to also vou wih Hs sackus . ‘dpvisenlial epatien -D heat conduaton nore ' A Lob { i l | ett face 4 ca | |” face : ; low Qhde i? 4 a] fee ay (). _ | imo | = ca aoe a Zi coh i ace ee, _. @nsidtr heoth onduaion aooss the hall thyeckness _ | oough amt oaca of oss sction wilR uniform heat = a encvalion os shown in Figure. fisswme , gx do be Pe feat ur efleing the plane all ‘get te Ja’ betthe heat -Rive leaing “He wall grae ated re unit volume EI] ‘and’ be the heat aate heat aate exteing the volume fox equibihnaen o ye te te heat vale 9 ; ! a adte Ha the volume.” a geh + QRde = [* , ae ae : - | mem fewer lov of eondudtion,, ve have. % = Ke (st 7 Subtat-ng The above equation m wb 7 “eef any QAdx= -k{at (sx) + “ta ~ L Qe “Abe dt] a dlhat} a: OW oa his is kwoun as We qevetiong Affect gudion in huh Q ts Gwe when heat ie qenedted and Q is @)ve when heat 16 ceonswmed G Vikoertial equalion | tox a 3D body =the Qa 7 Ly ; il : po ee ao Z — a } 7 ae —} Ne tde Gy y | Grside, a small elemental ‘volume in a solid body _ shown im He Figure - The cement is in dhe shape of 2edlomg ula parllldo pied vith Sigh sides de, dy Ady. an Re eqpibibrsivrn aoe Me enegy Lalance ¢ te witten as i : an Ke? Em a Eee is Cout t Ere Heat totening ; Head qneacted ) (Heat leo, (r trl by oe “ike toby + ange in \ dt Surce intime | |g aime intel eg | dt. dt : iW | som Fquae, it coin be maoteck thed more at Heott tallaing into he body = (Qe + Qyt Ga)at | Heat genedted by Wanal soure - Gar dedy dz at ti : leo deaving Re body * Qactr + Shea te eC) ) Change in irlemall — 1 ‘ G4 = Sc dxdydergy = ——— 3 seesIrs Qe is the heal intuing ito the face x fheab inflow nate] shoe” com be rattle AS, ie. Jeol Q, > keke AE Tos x divedion| : = ke dT aT dy de ocited at rtd. ~ © Qade is Re heat Leaving teem tHe Face (heat outflow jake] which is given by, Queae = &t a dz = edt auto 2 2, , [te a bey in x dection phere, ky ~ thesmal conductiv Hy a meter al < “ed Aer Area hovrnal to r-dizedion Tinea 9. heat qunertted pos at wine (ol [n) ae density ofthe material (Ci) 0) e- ge aFic Aeak of iatental 7) Substituting + © above egy { similar socho By, Byrds Bx » Geode 4@® esston f¥ +Qyedy* Qer 4) at + 04+ @) dt 4G dedydxdt Cree 7? cdocdy, dz oF wed tye : ie kx AT dyde - hyd a deda~ ke AT su)?t oF dxdydz dt I dz | {* Pex a3. dye - 2 2 (te diyinyte todt stk (oat ay dz } ch AT de dy i 2. (te syiget 4 §cdrdy de oF G) by dxdyd= ot wT ‘: 8 sy evaedt)- aoa) £4) [praia +o (bya a (be dt \ + $0 aT [’ é is) & (hs) ie(* "Te a difeat eqpattion The above equation 'S called 95 7 } ol epic bocly euernung qe heal equation tov a whoe ke f ty dks Qe kas ye rk sconttant fox a7 is6leepic body he ras above eqpration can be c heat source is abseab Stn, above equation ole = | + Breer arte - 12 ae ey eet he whae Xe & — themal diffusivity 8¢ Fr + Ft Pts var ae? ay? 92? + at This is called fourin quclion . 4 he body is in steady tale with, Meat source othe dif crtal tgpolien of qo reduces 4o Flumpexalure is inde pendent of ime) Tis is sulled as Passon’s eppalion 196 He bedy is in steacly cteody pifoul ony heal source fey, Ye obove epetion aeduces +0 ‘ a 4 a 4 TT #0 ax ap ae | This is caled as Uoplace equation ,| | | wation of Shape fundion joe yeep * Covsi 1 on = Soler, ae . x,——> de a i-p bor elermerit having > nodec as chown inte fig. da, TAT be We modal tempoaluae a node 142 aespechuely : Hence, TAT2 oe considured ashe dence pl figedom at sesgedives modes. Assusme model) ate, Qy + a TD: tx —O qx) fi 2d \2j-© 2 trom He foumdoay conditions, we have ee Ae node ty x= XY 4 Te ar nodez, 2% % \ Te MTA bs Kt ee : . ) TDL f tm Ni 5, Nz ane qivon by, NU = az Np = 2% fe he dave Ndy MO a ole fe Sub attcite to stifinese mahix “gn [eonduet viny mahir ] Efe aan} 5 sf . Ii | b e I | : a ot Nkle | 1 a “1 ‘ Yd M as . A» Mea of demmynh [9° ak fr - | b conductivity 06 Bernal (ifr) | veal Joawn ste. “Rrough in ine 4 Grenedio’s Heat flow, 2 Weal, Dissigal ion Govedion Heal How 1222000202202 J > ae 9 =| Zl } ; — i WSIS ley a dn onden to wnmease the heat Azipaon convection from a gee Primary suaface , additonal, surface may be added. Te ee swaface is reared Yo ether an ertonded surface & fin “R faninfivaa tocomnple 1s 10 anotos cule jrhich fins “eitend fom outer surface of erngi ne to dissipate mae heal by comvedion , * Schematic diag aun of such Ro Is as shoion in 44 ‘Ande element to» mulation‘ quem sin using suictalale element. pt Vsarebige the le a JL | _ 7 nei Hr Shape» Nie Bee x fancion Te e SKp2 Derivation of alemperital madi ® * Memeoil condulivily mabix [kJ (t6)" (0 J [B]dv f-ar0ss Sectionals aS — fin cern ent , lemed convection mati Te clement convection mabix Is given G 2 mrmnalenel — [ex] = § feed ae rir a nhoe, =pdz bo peiimee, of An p> 20+) te : [i,)= fr [iw] (J pax at ic {ri we fps ws) By ez) (eee) C2)Aemeal shea ic heat qndbvix Gunce , steady qe) heck condudion § is apa | We have, [ete] IJ + Aement heat a wedioe {es}: (4% [w]" dv “Te Ih Nae = NG. ey we : 2 7a f rq} Agile aE Vhoroerh heat Plu vedox {Foch falar ds, - {Fael> 9 ie le + Bema vat boundary convedion vectos Fre} ‘| pufey’ S % » Teo ( ie pee Fe » hts vee {9Tus flement force verlor is goer by yeh = fh fehe fF rs [ieee tate bebe] ST) fr} [ade toned), Assembling dhe demerit malix Jo olfain fobal epuation, Ne have, aa [a ir} Le pT Leaf = fe} af ym. SIF fleet tp + Mate} (4 (Gee) CD) I i mee (Hered ] [PJ pe fae ae al (3 > | c (Ee ie site walls ge Cle Heat Thame Moough 221 4 Tr =. | | ot Q : @ 33s i a Se el | FE Model ocaposit’ Wall sat us assume , composite wall is made of 2 different mateial having Renal cenductivi by ks ks Given composite tall is wlod elled using 2 chums howing 3 modes , ‘| ngcat us accume “Rat Whe wall te commons ¢ lead, date at) deamneler conclibion beta Ke 2 Halle Since the J wall is continous .we have [ho] ie, the clement convection mabix at node 1 42> tf be joo + fos ‘eal date condiion ,we hove fe o]ie, elentent preitic heal materx do be gtro a Gmce no heal Tux we have b ofie, Heat Any vedox to be gee, ce : det us also assume, Ay As > A © Cement conduelivily matsix Uhe}> [key) 4 [ke] [Ke}> ata i: ail (ke, }. Ake ( ‘ap \ d 3 @ Blomeat heat grnecites yreloy {F5.J> Agi iV: } ty] Agete ' ne Se yl le > jis : is (From the Figuae it com be noted tat at node 3 Peat ; dost comvedion ,since he surface is exposed to the ae — — flument Convection Mahi amd eosvesponding Aoasce yedor om be nsvitten, as at > 3 {reds}: ahfo of? [Fhendg) = Ah Teo (3; Ce ij> ‘The global. mateix ane obtduned at follows » [e} $04 = (eh (k} = The} + ks) fe ys (e) + Tey) ee Oo} ey 6 6 oWT me a : T> +hhlo © ORT, ee oO NW > brokty te f ch et 4 0‘Ra a (th 7 2) Hh ' EAS { Pl*ehh i I On Simple cation! Oh -ky o| | Gh pho 4 ; | 2 S9)35. | -k kurke ake b = Wir Fol, 1h hb b (o | O* Mth] [T. Joh t2hTo \ & b . roa s DV Eind He heat Tie fa the (> Bh. dergtl: Sies se Fiquee. Take 2 dlumuits Fos finite elermert idealistio,, To=ho'c lem vadivs , aoe / he stWlen?h: — ke a0 Wem, ) bs lee = (HOT = Hid K \. Atle <5 ohio Lae 2sem [2 dernents peti | Tes Hot = 319K K= a0 Wom kK he 5 WlontK w= lem he my. aiken P=2m%: 628em 2] bo Cab re Ve tae 2 ae Jo - “2mndivix fow He Na demerit ic: a , cdifloes {a}> The) + (en) Puc]> Tei) fied [yh - Auk ‘ “iy Bul XO }' 7 “h bl 1 25 { | ! 2 {ki =( 89.92 - 89,92 5 84,92 89.92] 2 y . ? 3 " nope - $4 de - 93.92 87.92) 3 5 3 ] 3 e } alke}= 82.42 -39.92 o : 83.42 las. 8h -B9.92/2 O -e7.q2 9992 teu f=) ¢ (aa Oe i & (aby 13,082 [2 1 : \ Zz ee ol {ky} iv 13,082 26.164 ‘ 2 3 “MG -(eeteh 120e2 | 13.082 $2,323 13.082 ‘ ° 13,082 26.164 JF The overall qobal stiffness mdtsixc is given by, [Link] at. 838 O 228.168 -aAw83B [id= (Wel +h) = ~ 9H, 838 ° ~ 3 838 (1H O84,Te force vedow ics quer by due -b» ret {rection Aue to convettion [ Peaen : He lel - (Ea (Fqy nh No heal jrnoaton is qivm in the probly. % {ry )- 0 {Fry Neb }] r SX BI3X6.28 x3 7 7 , 2 We fh: \2295,25 |. 4 a “Fae {Fo + LF (Irzeses \t : . : vate t [Link] | > 1 Cy ) (i228s5.25 J3 ‘The overall sgpildoinm eguilion,, ) fk) {7} = 663 : WH O8H = 34.839 o VF Th (122@s,25 9H 838 22eiss -an93¢ 924 fousaoso 1. oy ~ ¥ a L 0 ah, 83g 114. 084 | B. ID2eSi25 “FH,82ST, 4 228.168 T -34838 Ts = 24590,50 VWs HI3k 228,163 Tp - 34,8387, = SS4+>BN8) thininde \ oh & Column {220168 ~-9n038 ) (To-). femme ind | Ie ( ‘ | -74.8338 oak] | Tg] | tazes.2s |, = 354. 80 K | Alleys We AONE) Tet 7 BTl> An \nduelion fuvnace wall is made ‘| cha ae wdale and oiler Jayes wh tevnal oon inet ky bo 5 ka arshectively as chown in ligine Delevmune Re nodal teepe » of ke as bok | | ho hy > 0.20 nlwk be Ib [e W hy = 0,08 afm H | dks : he ws Al? k . 8 Teo = 30° » 303k tem sant hewn? we The}= Cac] + fis) + fie) mae mwp paw AC Th (ks } = Ark (4 = 1K 02S yocoa}e 2 2 2 ae fl O0S } ‘| ee Ae ea cote : Ny oo o | | 3 4 Tes) A st 2 1xnad f i ney 267 “910 : VJ fener 263Jt a 4 [ke] = 2 BAO ae ¢ 0 I [-340 398 -5 bp If ° “5 a6F 2,67 |3 a O° 2.63 2,64 ]4 Sace, “nade 4 heal is lost to “the sumounding buy convedion, Since, His exposed. ' . GAness walsix due to convection ‘Peels oh (° a > Uhrslena = ASH! [ ; Se =1 2 oe 6)! } o 2 ky) | 0 ook — o. oO 4 | oo o © 3 [ lo oo 4 is .. by, oo The obal aifness matir fk): {kc}4 {ky} (] fide (ae 34° | 3 3g. (3 © | 0 eg ee Lo 0 -269 6 1 Foxce ved sce vedo» . fe noted tat force voy trom , the quem ocans only due to te Fishy > Ab Te f 0} | FIX ASX 303 { “4 ' = 13635 { ole 1 jo a= (0 ) | ( fo | Li3é3as J + Overall equillihadm Zn HIT = {FY fae 6 s\n) ce ° 6 4.64 72.69 ie | 5 | \ 13635 | Lo 0-269 A639) XT ~ BHT +247, - 513 tOTHE P Rh=8I3K3972 ~ ST3Z= 29682 fi mincing 1 g0W § column a T ) 29682 ) See le se | oO lo 262 469 a) seas J | heats Th = 846. 26k B43 Th 664.63 K Fests Ty 323.18 K Page No baw fodee a the lnnen and outen surfore (3 _ exposed to cold oly ot 15°. Detonmihe the temperoture tania thsi o_o 4 Q element for _estimotion , a K= Os4u| mC = Irots on?ke Aw {I 1] ay “| | kit 4,66 (. a ' rly ; ka = | 45666 =n ge 466 1? ky = Aake [! | 7 || Qo “lot eT ky = Lixo [: 7 OS PAE 7 +e » 3 kn = | te aT Hee Aiba eg | 3 ae lei} fs) ) 2 3 oy * |466 “4.66 0] Mm hos 9.3% Wh 5 0 4.66 44.66) > kel [r] = fr dg - 46 0 1 fe ue TAGs 9-32 -aee || 72] =] 0 ~he65 va ~ 600 (Filed « AhTs [o] !~HGOt, AW 3ATg ~ 4.60 12 = 9 ~AGGK AR 44.32 Tam 4.66 13 2 VGI1g 6613 = 130h8 [ate Webb a a ar “4.66 [Link] JU Ts ~ G00 W8AT, ~ [Link], = 130.646 “Us66T, + 4066612 © ~ 600 Tg = 68" SREESSEOSESEAE I3- —l2-62% By this y DT 712 > Tw 4 3) Detomming, the temperature distrrbution & “the yedung Ul Fin drown tn the Atgure veglect Convection beat torisfer and assume heat genvredeal — inside. tha Pinas 5d0./m% : eee Yr \s0° | k= Go001|mk| 0.02 | Z 0.06m__} fe 0.04m_5) ~? A* 0.02 Ko.04 = Bxlo* mt ah To s50atatae bask ye 50003 |m? __0_ P k 2 Go0oW |mk e-h 2 |k= (ke) Uk} Ake [', “| in fk} = axe x done 1 a 0-06 =|) a {kb} (% e | : ee -80 80 = (fy) = Age Agt | | a i a \ ee : arior 2c SDA Ot | — — tt ce ts tant fo es te) = fe : = - - _-30 lf TY] “Fane : ~80 go JL Te al CC ee ee Yor, - Bot, * aah eT x02 oo _ 80x4 a3 - 201g = lartio= Se i). Soke temp. dishthudon —th_comportte wall shown ta Aiguet Use ad ieee eee : : t | bourdaw a condihon. Tos = Sco% ky “Qowalmo'e 8 Kg = Bowler che QS tanh is Kg bed 5ovw]m'Cto = Qo’e tt WToo k—% Ban da Isl i = 220930 4 i y mn vy | fie) Age “Lf. + STITT eg 180 afi Soto Bc) = [i G6 ~Glasb a oe i SoHE et eee eee eet “66.66 64.66 }, sicseas = = : rae 1x 30, bp coe 3 fe ©0215. Ig U-\ | ie = Lie). : 200. ~=aeo} roo Q00 aaa = ixe [1 =r : : te ee a 5 | ul ws "S323 3h 33. —$83.33 333,38 i eee (ke fe) + (eo +(e)2 3 \ (ke) 2 een cat 06.64 266.67 Qoo Or 0 =doo 53333 ~Hehs 0 =333.23 BH35 0 {kxJeg = AAID Ah i . At node | heat is losced to the sun Sonathen, ofnce. Te ts. exposed. to 8 sede $——_ Tne a : =f [Karena econ Ou. Onna nee Lau Sages (ee) ease) = = = OOO ao . O 0 0 of af Q169 66.4% 0 0 ‘| pane? ; - 64.64 -Ab66.6 4-200 0 Ma esd le = ieee OQ een aa re ceneerk ¢aectallal | 0 i 8 0333.33 32.) Ty | | 8 mee 2 tata ft Joan +o sz [on 3 2 “JCe monfeyp lot ¢ = 533.33x to" . 7 Specified Jeroperobure Is Qo% at node bi therefore _ ths value of C wt be added to [Kqy} BRB Yo $3383 oS aoe asa the value. of C mulifped vith Toate be added de the fourtty rows of the forte vector «therefove ——— ‘ : ' 1 eee oe ee ee | 766.67 2c6.6% “200 0 SO on 522 ee osteo Oo ee aa _ t Basxi’ X90 = logcanot i I —_ 7 a eae eee eee Tf 306, ta, saa ao}\edya haf fundion fox 8 noded Hera ‘omen gO at (ee / e 4 . 4) ’ = = ~ | : | os | — Ky ey Gat) "Raue sh S-noded H gee OWS xa hedn al d eat fuvdbon fs He above demeat cam be dove ef fagannge: s atefation fondion ie, f Ai 7 tt node 1 C, - ty . ®e associa ed “The node 1° Coerespondling to Re ae t 8 @ nde s } Ee wee 2 amd, G @nodeH. oN Gis Meh 4-44 Si fis Mo i GG Gye The values of ay aq covsesponding te node 5 24nd i *eshedtvely ae S5(-) "() Gi(i) . a [lirada-gy te 4) ” Fox mode > , we have as 4) The nedec ossociated ane GOON: 93 (1) No> fe Dom Gig fo &e yh 43 Oo Np= ¢ [assy (rq) (-4)| * Fox nedea pe have Gay neces associated ae os. fs . The s BOY MODs G60ere Na: §- 49 Me G42 43 ha 3h 442 Nz. 4 [assy ieptera) 3 “Fos gode #. Ne have ae The nodes associated are fe(-1), Wad, er) Ny: Sie Hp £4 Guha Hts Gan Nye tL (fre) 0-9) 049) 4 oti nitro node 5, 6,74 8 a. > 2 ae -6) 0-H) Oe a 4 Bho Ne > -a[ tr -5) (ip Or 3) De > ent? 0") = ad -4) (a plra) va. 7. afro yea} 4 Avie_symmnbbic noblems . sis, WE eochibit cymmeliic -4n 0 3~D problem analysis, abouk am o7as of actation- ee oblem gon oyromnebic about an gus andthe ehouctural loadin g 5 aadlexal pachutties hour conditions) are syswnebite obouk the sovrne 0S such +ype of problems are known ane aneiS symone pacblierms « This 3D pro ebjers can be solved using 2°? Finite dumerts . The ads 94 mvmebace fooblems ane most converiuitly defined ‘hy the orfindsical co ~0 vdinates i 8% as shown 19 e- vq une +0) is “The {ellowing condilien must fo to be galised Fox ows ey somialte analy sls» dthe preblom domain s bell hove am aris ol a \sqrowielavc abou We aris of nevoluion } amd Ys taken as *% axis connertently, SL MMhe Loading on Ye domain hos to be sy no A axis of revolution, tus they ae indeperd ent ¢ Y, civaumferencial Co-ordinate ie, © © ) pr Othe Aowdary condition amd material opalies Ae Mr) about Ye same axis amd will be independ ent af rh, croumfacncial co-ordinate , woh Gyindaic al © -Ovdinales “An oxignrimebue ebsess amalysis poblem can be Tos mulated | iw toms of 2 dicplacernentt componwils. Cre im aadial direction fo otter in axial dixedion (2) | * Sodpat the displacemedl compo net in the radia) disedion one demoted using fu’ amd the displacement component wn axial disection 's dented by Sa 14 is similar do U qv used fox dem cba cape dis placumeat os ray dnedion Loy pane stwess § plone stv poblem. : Thus fox am ari symm vedic problem the displacement vedoy “wis given ty, ul) fu) lw dA beca cy wets an wise of cy mvintly abl thess component ant rndependent oF ©” Hus the dyess amd shalm comport ane witlun as, 4Ve) ee vadial sess : -o dvarmterend: ‘ | Ss jong tudinal I | Tyz Taz ~- shear dress ne fe (8) &5 | \ la] Dwivalion of shape funtion tov aval sy mums rianglan @ 2 #3 in AkZ dixection , U2, Wa) Fox node 2 amd The nodal displacerned 1 ane woutten 8 uw, node 3. (05, Wa, fox : a ee Sjeplactret ak aw pavit sittin fhe element an Pe trpatss® d a3, “ usar ap ¥ +93% —& 1 13) ‘Thus Re nodal displacemet cam He cxparssed @avespording y to ude 1,2 and 3- nye aytaam + 23% Us = art apr + 93% Ugr vray $95 %Ey bal fu} > [n) fa} {a} fay" {ay Consideing the ova of inn fe ihe invese of wo, ‘ con he waitlen a5, (W323-¥9% %BtPerdz 4 + Bsn, | on 2A 2h J Tu Kot Brrioz 2h Naot Bante oh |' q fonsidewng ate dicplacornent in dhe longitudinal direction We have, W> Ant AAT WZ (ey | H S 6 at | \ wl We have chape funelion as, W* JN No he Wo oh The modal dis dlacumeit cam be wiltem as, we NU td Nols t Nats woe NWit Nos t Na Ws Thus , the displacerverl at any part vittin dhe demeunt cam be uapoessed as, uf? es No NN; o NGO (s [wta} [om © Noo) | a Us 3