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Object-Oriented Programming Basics

Python

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Debdeep sanyal
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views19 pages

Object-Oriented Programming Basics

Python

Uploaded by

Debdeep sanyal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OOR n Pthen,

'

awhatis objec orwented pas m


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Oje ek-oiendted Proymmmi n


***
' * ***'****
IS aou cretn
oljeefstaConfnin bsttdaa od funeftn.

Who is e stauelwre oljed-ovnded prog ?


***r'******'******* ** * * * * ** ** *** * *

2The stuehre2 ojee-osientel pro inhke . * * ** **|

alowinap
**********V.
' '

elagse ce heurdetned [Link] ho


acs e bluepaunt r ineividuol okjects
attributey and mehads,
Met-ods; ane tnefiong touane detned
inside ca clase t a s desCue the behoviouoy
M olojeek
bjeesane stanceA class. ceated uth
3pe ehcal dehined..dotea. kjeekg can coae)-
pons aexl world ohjects [Link] e n .

Htoiotes are detnas in the elass termplate awnd


epcsen te zate s an ogjeet. Objecs
have deota 3toned in the aiubues rel
' ' *
. .. . . .

Whod is Class f
elass isa bluepuin sek st i inatuet
ics build a »pecisic Pe ookjes. I4ir **

a basis concept d okfeesoruetd-Boamin ' * ' ' "

whuch evrve* * ' * * *


w the aelte ensihe).
.

Stayo Class in Pytbon


elass Car I naalase. ' ' ' '

colo7blue"
model "s po
tdoba
In 8nakec
decaleulate_avy-speed(k,time);
ASome code.

1Dierence between 3tncture aClass


Class Stnetue
O16Jeelmel using::**class
** *
t1s deland usinp
. .

heywod stuct keywORd ***** ** * * **

Membery clasg ane Hembers grnetwe ane


*

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deflt *****

**** ****
puolic e deult.
(Cecupie mone. APace. [Link] Papacc
**** ' ' *

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s ceel in tha slaclk
memo , em .
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OLeicedgCaeed Ma on mat notuge


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ee

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.

Stsuueera ****** :'


ae yetkuetopes cms ecsegane
Aeterere tpes * *************' '*** ***'*'* '** ***''** * *
B t h can have conshuchos,methods , P-19pentre
tfelds, censtnt; ,eneumeats, events,
Stekwes and classes can implemen
3
ntertece
Both he can eve constuervy w t
AeM
aMd cUHhg posmeter

3Accex Modifhersghces mattrers pley an


impodtnt nde t pretecf he osa, Trem na
a e accesp. well as etecrinitom,
getting manpuGteshe ace dities desne
ow e mexbers 6ahe clasg caM e atceBed
Theree type aceess madhioy ane-
.

* * *********** * *

OPallie2:
Pteeted
***************

Palelkc oe deelared pulelicly ensilg areyie


om anL r k fhe peogra A de membexy
deaslr.
and uncong a r e Publte b
ivate member ane deelaned psuvate, are acexible
udn t e dass ony pruacte acey modten is
he most 3epwre acees moaiter. Declared
Adding a donde underscone snbel betare
#propereties/dada m e r .
F-nebonali/membotumetin
oteted Only acessabla a claas seruved rom
t D wembers [Link] deelared.
Ptecded bu addine a simbe. deru>calte
befine ke shla mewnber
'***"'**

Synde»
Class Layi.
tlang="C." . ****'* ''*''**"****

-secondn4= "Pu/hon
-Hind Iamep Java
[Link] )
pun Lap-3econ
Aunt (LaneyLem-kiadla)we on acces pouiafe
MadhiA.

Menber tumelion funehians hic dete


Aebeariaur. ot:an [Link]
ane calles... member ttn ekona. ....

* * * *** **** ''*'** ** ****** *

Tnnerr cass;Clasg inside


. ****'***
. . cas
* ** ** '*'****''** *

Constueray:he k sconstauetuay
isto inialize(amign value) to the, [Link]
ot he eloos whenanjees. he class.
ereated n ekan -init-) method [Link]
****''''''* ''*******''**** ''*'* '***'****'****'****** *'* *****
t e constoucw and is calles when an
okject ls oekd.
Sntay
eefit-oe):
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etul Cangtuefve Is asinple constuneks


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cauc doez f t ocept akap [Link]


dneon haz only on t * ******
oament which ia
aeferenie to the hsfance kein eongtucted.
.

oamekeruzed Covstnc
* **** ' ' ' '

? Ita r angune
S.9eTEAEnce eInstance beinge Constuceled
knotal'nas 3e).ms the 7est the aparMeg
One Pwided..ethe engramen

Wheneve we cAexted..n okjse [Link] closs


the [Link]. Is getti Colle
tts it3el. * * ***************** ******

w e can use the bui-inchssmehos deeonahr


towsite multip![Link]
.

' ' * ' '

Destuueton Destucrar is q memberr mefhed da


cla ss delefes 4e memae 6 e deject
--del-U
T2What is an
Objret?
An okjeck is an 'instance aelass. A claos is
ke a bkeprint uwhile an instanee ua
copy o
he closs h aefaal yalnes. a n is objeof-0otir ted
pominp. lanpaaqe ttatt 1rey an ohjecka.
ma,emokasizes nedions
Oj My Cns)
pouin&-Cohi )

81 terence betuueen Objeek d clae,


OLeek Clase
OOkjes an insfaee OClass t a bluspunt on
o a clas s.
'''''*****
Henpaie 0 uieh ojeeig
e eeoted,
OOeeka are neal iwerl9Clasa ta gou a
entitp, 9i ahjeets.
D plypsierl evdlp 39 logcal endil,
ENOking in pten ic Peeared wi elgs kpt
an sjech. O
**'*****'*'*'*
|-nd e42 class Shuden)
Ojchs alle cales ela9s doe allecated
mema
'
10f when
''*''
wemoy- hen tE iR
' ' * * * * * * ' * * **

eteotad .
Eakel,
' *'**
3/Metods The Faoypose amehoe is t Pocess
e vauahlez. paovdedina elase a in the
nekhsd. Te Mekhods
Tnsavee melhads. **''******' **** *

. Checes sart inebads.


Mutaton metedz.
lass methos
******'****' ****'' ***T''

3lahe methsh.
**'**'*********** *** * *******'********'**********

3 nsfane Meods 8 nstance metods ae he ******'* ****''**''******

methads [Link]
e dass. Tndance methada are boun
instance ( okject) and hence celled a
sfaneename. med C. Wkale CaXtnse the Ktance
metsds,we ne ed nt Pas yelne
hesef vrable
Aaezsa [Link] ..CcesSS. Aead
dloda di he. varuaea The..de net madiy the2
dedes in the vniaelea also edllelas gete
mehads. der geSName (Selt) '**'

e o n selftiome
34 * * *

Mutbtoz Metha [Link] nat


anl e the loda but also nad
****'* ****
them
hey3o called ageter metkods,
* ''*'*

def setNome Cset, name):


' * * * * * ' * * * *

sefame name
7
3Class Meld: Ciass meeds ***''**
are
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the
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mebeds
threh act on the elass yarualsles gakie variables.
These metds are wten usinge easgmehd ***'''*** ***

deeogtatae aoove them. *************************** ****

33tatc Methad2State methsd a e wes ..

hen [Link] Is aelote..he.


alass..[Link] netnees the..clas. ar tg.
[Link].. [Link]. workSafte mecs *'**'***''*''****'***''1****'

ane tten hadeeoratm.@sdestiemehsd


a bovehem
*********

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******** ****:'' **' ' .

kedunes aO. *'''*'*** ' '**'*******'*** * * ' ' ' * * ' **'**''*'*** ' ' ' '' * * * ' ' ' ' ' .

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meon3 [Link] vi ma aimä. A ''******

PAODOmm po y [Link] 3ame


nconnameY u diterentRUes bernop us ee
diterenTaypes. ***
***'
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lesunt(le Sow stun.


)#6
#lenl! bem uye to a tst. **** '
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****

* **'**
41 Tmcfbng Overdardi'vapa Funettova overkeodin
stheFAocess when te ame fn eHons an e
uee mulliple timeg bassne O ddteen
nambe oamefey as argamens.5Ptho
doe not suppatuneons oveWmedinp An
eoa Aes thnown we implene heduncton
averedinop
.

bu does ne
.
man thee is no sther ******

to implementthis. We sil desine suneeyg ** **'**** '****


t e s as None.
setfivef_One
* *
ai nsne pa
* * * * *

[Link]
de nl3sltet-tNene,P=None, .

Meltoda undel meod


1 P u n d e ox. Magte * ****** ** *******'***"

inpthon..[Link].. methds. hamn uo preht ans * * *

tiNanderseane i he methd name Duder.


hee meanyDuble. Unden ew examplesne
int cddjlen, -Xep.

operot pervsnma. addikona aek0ns thehom


what
i415 meantfoa, it is callec operaton overuleedin
Operutern Nerdeadiing. is. en [Link] paymriphi'sm-
OpeotR owroBndinp. Magic Mekhod

oeekaddla-,othex/= jert idiv (sEthtAer)


' ' ' '

ojecadd_(selPattery e t HodielselP,otker * *

*jec-.
aothe)|%=oject imod(etöthormrub|)
jecgecd (>elhher) **=ofecip(selG ther)
*****'** '***''

jecfAnndia.(oelf otter otjett(se),son)


dejecmd-(seb,dher)
* '************
dlec-le (self,othen)
seec-p-gette1)
kerct-iadd-lself, other) jecfe-(set, sthery
ee(see, eder)
jcchmul-tpelf oey != secf ne-teP,diery
**********' *********

41Method Ovorleedig Bleorphismi Ta metyd


-

iswdten. ueh thot c a n petin mare hoa


Cheak..[Link], methad overloasiy
6 Melhod Ovewiding morPhe hen-there
Is meihod.n 3upen class ouritin he same.
[Link] 3uo. class >tha. deplace»tte
2upe class mehsd Iscalled. mehord oveyidihe..
*** '* *** *

. . . ****

**** *'*'***'** ** ' * **

10
elases rom the
Inheritance e envínep
N
new

eoistinap elasseg such ttot te new claeseg iheut


althememberrs a existhge [Link] calles
inlneunce
class Pseclos:
* **'****'**
*''*

* *
clas Peuvaloss (ageCla)
T ' ' ' * * * * * ' ' * * * ' ' * ' * ' ' ' ' * ' ' * ' ' * * *

- TErd
***** ***T''

-2ingle BenileeDeruvim .
one 0 nee

u clascCx dom a sinyhe base..is calles sirgebe


ineritance n Smgke inheukance uwe calnay a e
Only
On dne a e case, buttheedsss me Con be

n number O closces deived toM

Makiple Interi kamce Pouiriz 3us clasce


'*****'*******

12sm * * ' * *
multiple base clsges
* * ' * ' ' * * * *
is calles ruulHple ***'*

ineristemce Thae uul be moe thoan oneupen


' * * * * * ' ' * * '

Cmd here ma ke gne o wor 2us cosseg.


co s * * * **** '*****'*** '***** '***********'******

. *

G3The super Mekbhod supe) tea buitin mehad


iss t ca he u p e l eal class constxo(- **'**** '* ''*** ***'*'*'******
***'

efort ah nethads om the sub elasg. hngp-


constuetan witen..in fhe 3uper elass is not
ayeiloble he 3ub closs the ab elocs hay
****** *****

11
mefasd
per ***'**'
class consue *********** '*** ********'***
sino the super

A7em inside. fhe u ebs congstuet Sup


ailt-in mefhod in Mon thot tontain he
* * * *
* ****

iso super ett class methsd ************ ****: ********* .


**

Super) Conn we s
Supex .-init-C) #call super ekllaclees comtnetn ... .

3uperi nit-(aanent ) e ghme


******** *: [Link]). #tcad supern olass. med
******

4.94 Dtterenoe between Inerutce. alt mnphsr


* * * * * ** * * *** * * *** * . . .. .

Tnherbtnce Tmpkism
OPplel clasg eppltel t metnds

T upeste caneept DTtallou


. . . .. ehe oktecs
eusebiike oms tdecide s
eue 21duces Cde ewncian t imple
length in O0Ps men * *********'*
a ompile fime ay
a un ime
******1 **'******* ''***

T can be snghe )wherens tCan e


hoid mltphe Compled-kime Palymrphsm
A ieunehieal andCovelord) as wella me
muwlevel inberitamcePmegg(overodi)

**** *
4Eneulaliou I descubes he ide d o
appin de ndhe melhrde thsu wo
on dodawiin one uniThs Puls restuchbng
on acceing vauiableand mePods dineeg and
an paevent the acidertal merdnicaon å oaa,
**** * * * * ' * ***

********* ********* ** '***''*' **''******** ' * * ' '***' ***'***'

Bd vantages 6 Erapsokon The


adaantgea [Link] [Link]
sec DotarT ratecks an obec
nauhariredacce. Othen advandege
[Link] Hding, [Link].
Clase mewber Gecers 4om Accesble fon| Acegible
****'''*
****s

accoy 3pectkiex| own coss dervel claos rom ajecti

ile Yes No No
Pruteehek Yes Yes Nd.
Pulaie Yes Yes Ye
' :

. ..

''*' *'''*'*
' ' '''

Aatzaehtr In eutlon,an akstaction s


s e to ide the imelevan date/ class [Link]
to edhce the gmplexte E al enhomcey
the apPlicahonetcdencd
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * . - . . .

Ighon povdesthe abemadue uße.


the he abstraetion in thc [Link]. .

no ac jmpoa ABB
'**'''''*'*''*

elasss ClasswameCAEC)
*'''****'*' ' ' ' '*''''* **

Dferene betven Alsraekion Enopbti


**** ** ***************

AbstraeHon Encapaulalion.
O Abstroetion wOrks on. O Eeopsulotion uaks the ' ' ' * * * * ' * T *' ' ' '' '*** ' ' ' ' * ' ' * ****

the design ewel. PAlihon evel


T * * * ' '
ipemenles t 2)T
. ** '***'*'**
the meehansmo
Dide he Unn ecess cw d ing & din '*''*' ****:
the cde
Ond the dalla,
T h l g ks uhw T eue on the imen
*
Ts he work d chjeetekel hes the objedts
* * * * * * ** * * * * * * * ' * *
..

Instend Aou the '***' '''*'*''''**


Is wo , '''*****'**''''

ojreb woLg, ' **''** ***** *

''' '****'** ** ' ' *''**"*

14
BMise Guesthiom on 00R In R{honL
5 DHerence bekween Bocesural A otjecdes ** ******'*

Oruenek prap-avmiu
ocedoo oprsmmu, |ea0rferdted Popa z
i s e s s seqae. ***"
ata din s oaible
than OD
******
***''****** '*'*'''*''** in Oeckotedes powu
''''**
****

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due to akbachon
**** **

* * * Tolos botom-np
CPPach Ppreachy

i s suelwe-aiented) * *
is okjeet-asienteL
****** **':***
** '****'''**'**'***

Tene ane ne acces c e . modifitg in 00P ... ... .. ***

mestss. Qne puvake, pulie . ....

Pteted, * *** * * * *****'*'*

No appopiate Appoupriete tot coee


'****

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Poole
Cope*
elem
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****

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Faple: e,Poeal ) Þaple: thn, Java

2whains ota prepammin Jongoage


Phonp ..... .

Pyhon ls basieo ** ******


abigh-Level OkjeeA-Choenfe
******

15
g nn(atage, If also en înterposted
anaaage i ues ine-bfline ex

Wh ts siite in Tuen ?
slte s etthe a gimple stateme in one

Une cs it is a newline lowed an

indenfed bleck which consists & stements.


Wha is nit keynd in Pen
The le leks the Peton interprcr
Kno that a daeety conteins cde t a
puThen o d e c a n be blank. LWtheuane, y
annet imps mostdes tom another trdern

The int mehs tg similan constrchrs


in Ct d java.(onstnc eary ae us ed t
ins li2e the dgfee se

Pifoence bekweon Mediles á padeage


in Pythen
The mesdule is simple fpon ile tto
conrins aleerons t unttons and globas
vaialbles and h avingap extensio
ile
The Paclkage t a
inpe dserry vi
* * * * ' ' * *

Cllechon
' ' '*
modules he Jetoy contarns
**'** *'*****'*
*******''*' ''"*

thon madwles ons asoowininitP


le ueh he mterpreter ider rels
clkae * * * ' ' * '* * ' ' ' ' ' * '

* * *

Wha ta 'el} kespsars in


**''*****'
honuP
' ' * ' ' ' '' ^ " * * ' ' * * * ' ' *
*********

potomefer e t e e n e E to
he * * * * * ****
a

theCOUent
' * ' ' * ' * ' ' ' ' * ' ' ' ' **********'*
hsnce. *''***
h e class, anAl
a n d s . s e d o . [Link]

belonga
**** ********* [Link].
PYerene beueen Rekin and
* **

T n [Link] piekta [Link]


[Link]. n [Link] trtarumg
E d O. une e p e [Link]
deamp into. insthe the dmp
A unchjon:.Ts PAecesk known as
*****''***'*

pielin heAngtton used l s s gee


.spicledump). Mso, calle sertozaion ....
The proress d eterit te origk0 dda
The **'''*' ***'**** '******** *** .

Pyhon okjee fro-he ztored


epresentaAons '*** **** ' * * * ' ' * *'**
is aMed anpickkinThse
anen sed othsprseen. Ya [Link]),
b caMes de- leRzatrons ' **'*****'******** '****

1
Wha does k s and * Kuna mean?
Whe you aie not clear bou mane
agumets you nerd to pass to paKeular
func tonS, then we Ae k a n and kwor
vaued
hemgs akewd reptesenbs
a

numbeo N cogment. Ttis used add


toethen the vnlues a multple men.
The k*kuwar keywand aepresenls an obito
number o ophmenta thot ane possed a
tnciong. **kwanq keyuords ame stone& in
a dictoneoy
whois Opew""With otakemeun pae
B o ztekemendg ane usek în case & Atle

hond livg
10wWhat te hon p 3
PYTtONPATH ts an enviromen vasvalle
whtch you Can set to add dditiovo
diettories whee Pthon ul Saok. o
wodules and packages.

congeu'ns he hytetvde d youpaof


E1halous Cop d eep oP.
Shoo Copies dupltcote as JHle as
possible. Caeating a newcjeckand
hen coTTT the..mon clds h e . .

wnentoje the. new objectE


Deep cap dupCke eV u . T s cnni
****:" N
anew ojec and hen Copyi he non Btke
. . * *** ****** ''***

reldls d the ewwent o j e t t e neu opje


* * * * * *

.. .

. . . .. . ... . . . . * * * * **** **

********"***'**'''*'***'*

. . ** *** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ' ' * * * * ' ' ' * * * * ' 1 * * * ' * * * * * * * * * * * ' * * * * * * * * * * ' * * * * * " ' * * * * * ' ' * * * * ' ' ' ' * ' '

***''''** ''*****
****

*** *** ***'**********'*** '****

*'*****'''''*** ****** *** ' * * .

***

19

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