INTRODUCTION
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
➢ Human rights law transcends state
boundaries by seeking to define and
Definition
uphold those of rights
Termheld universally by
every person regardless of nationality.
➢ Adopted by the United Nations Generally
Assembly on December 10, 1984 at Palais
de Challiot, Paris.
➢ The UDHR states that all human beings are
born free and equal in dignity and rights.
➢ They are endowed with reason and
conscience and should act toward one
another in a spirit of brotherhood (Under
Article 1, UDHR).
(Under Article 2, UDHR)
• Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the
Declaration, without distinct of any kind, such as race, color, sex,
“
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social
origin, property, birth, or other status.
Under Articles 1-21 of UDHR
THE CIVIL POLITICAL RIGHTS PROVIDED THEREIN ARE AS FOLLOWS:
(1) Life, liberty, and security of a person;
“ (2) Freedom from slavery or servitude;
(3) Freedom from torture or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment;
(4) Recognition everywhere as a person before the law;
(5) Equal protection of the law;
Under Articles 1-21 of UDHR
THE CIVIL POLITICAL RIGHTS PROVIDED THEREIN ARE AS FOLLOWS:
(6) Effective remedy by the competent national tribunals;
(7) Freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention or exile;
“
(8) Fair and public hearing an independent and impartial tribunal;
(9) Presumption of innocence until proven guilty;
(10)Freedom from arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or
correspondence;
Under Articles 1-21 of the UDHR
THE CIVIL POLITICAL RIGHTS PROVIDED THEREIN ARE AS FOLLOWS:
(11) Freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state, and the
right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country;
“ (12) Seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution;
(13) nationality;
(14) Marry and to found a family;
(15) Own property alone as well as in association with others;
Under Articles 1-21 of UDHR
THE CIVIL POLITICAL RIGHTS PROVIDED THEREIN ARE AS FOLLOWS:
(16) Freedom of thought conscience, and religion;
(17) Freedom of opinion and expression;
“
(18) Freedom of peaceful assembly and association;
(19) Take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen
representatives;
(20) Right of equal access to public service in his country.
Under Articles 22-28 of the UDHR
The economic, social, and cultural rights provided
therein are as follows:
(1) Social security;
(2) Work; free choice of employment, just and
favorable conditions of work, protection against
unemployment, equal pay for equal work, just and
favorable remuneration, and the right to form and
join trade unions for the protection oh his interest;
(3) Rest and leisure;
(4) Standard of living adequate for the health and well-
being of himself and of his family;
(5) Education; and
(6) Freely participate in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in
scientific advancement and its benefits.
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON CIVIL AND POLTICAL RIGHTS (ICCPR)
• The ICCPR is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly on December 16, 1966.
• It entered into force on March 23, 1976.
• As of March 28, 2014, it has signatories and 167 parties.
• On December 19, 1966, the Philippines signed it, and the same was
ratified on October 23, 1986 ( United Nations Treaty Collection).
Under Article 1, ICCPR
• It states that all people have the right of self-determination.
• Also part of the rights provided therein is to freely dispose of their
natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations
arising out of international economic cooperation.
• Based upon the principle of mutual benefit and international law.
• In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence.
UNDER THE ICCPR
Incorporated therein are rights which are not subject to limitation or
suspension even in emergency situations, to wit;
(1) Right to life;
(2) Prohibition on genocide;
(3) Freedom from torture and other cruel, degrading, or inhuman treatment of
punishment;
(4) Freedom of enslavement or servitude;
(5) Protection from imprisonment of debt;
(6) Freedom from retroactive penal laws/ex post facto laws;
(7) Recognition as a person before the law; and
(8) Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.
International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
• The ICESCR is a multilateral treaty.
Adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly on December 16,
1966.
• It entered into force on January 3,
1976.
• As of 2015, it has 71 signatories and
164 parties (United Nations Treaty
Collection).
Convention on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
• Article 1 of CEDAW states that
discrimination against women.
• Refers to any distinction, exclusion, or
made on the basis of sex which has
the effect or purpose or impairing or
nullifying the recognition, enjoyment.
• On a basis of equality or men and
women, of human rights and
fundamental freedoms in the political
economic, social, cultural, civil, or any
other field.
Migrant Workers Convention
• A migrant worker is defined as
one who is to be engaged, is
engaged, or has been engaged,
in a remunerated activity in a
state of which he or she is not a
national.
Part ||| of the Migrants Workers Convention details the rights of all
migrants and their family members;
(1) freedom to leave any state, including their state of origin and the right at
any time to enter and remain in their state of origin;
(2) Not to be subjected to any torture or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading
treatment or punishment;
(3) Not to be held in slavery or forced or compulsory labor;
(4) Right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion;
(5) Right to hold opinions without interference and to freedom of expression;
(6) Not to be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference;
(7) Right against arbitrary deprivation of property.
(8) Right to liberty and security of person; and
(9) Right to equality with nationals before courts;
• Article 1 of UNCRC provides that every human being
below the age of 18 years is a child unless under the
law applicable to the child, majority is attained
earlier.
(1) Right to be registered at birth;
(2) Right to acquired nationality;
(3) Right to know and be cared fro by his
parents;
(4) Right not to be separated from his parents
against his will;
(5) Freedom of expression;
(6) Freedom thought, conscience, and
religion;
(7) Freedom of association;
(8) Freedom of assembly;
(9) Protection from all forms of physical or
mental violence, injury, abuse;
(10)Enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of health;
(11) Right to benefit from social security;
(12) Right to a standard of living adequate for the child`s physical,
mental, spiritual, moral, and social development;
(13) Right to education;
(14) Not to be denied of the right to enjoy his own culture, to profess
and practice own religion, or to use his own language;
(15) Right to rest and leisure;
(16) Protection from economic exploitation;
(17) Protection from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.
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