fr at aga ciigal cat athe (DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL LINES) § 1.1 Wftae (Introduction) aga sal @) sare 2 ar svn (ona) ae fra ae ei Cet F fant fara at eat t— (A) faqa-ar (Electric generation) (B) faga-Sawm (Electric. transmission) (C) fagy-faeet (Electric distribution) (D) Fage-syait (Electric utilization) () fee oF sr fige oar ar ord, age & carer 4 21 sprain wr Taye sal ay seer Siva, ata, wet oTEtS fer SS qtr, atten, qeitrm ante atat & fsa ara @ | Frege a4 Sr (electric generating station) a fasret ax a faqa We (power house) HTaT Whey WaT (power plant) Hest, at Prey wae H eta F— (i) tam faaeit wt (Diesel power house) (ii) 74 fase at (Hydro-power house) (iil) WY faeet 8 (Thermal power house) (iv) Wry fret 4 (Atomic power house) feenft—aviten fare at a arape remy tea utes tes aeeat fara & orate ati | (B) fearon ar te—gaer arent fagqe at ER eer S eat ea oH ira oer theme ard fret ere at Sea are fear a aaT A @ vane ay (overhead line conductors) #nT (ii) ar (undergound fine cables) 207 foxy; ga aor eve gen teem we Rear ar tI Scanned with CamScanner nse wih riserFe FH TTS SIS Sea SH STMT F Saat st, OMecmaaat at hata weber ai fartuft are2 areet (overhead line conductors) ENT Gi) Tene aT FANS (underground line cable) ZT (D) Feep-sedin— ea red ays Sat a PE Sal 3 Fak ae wer 8 sere (i) aranita svat (Domestic utilization) Gi) siete s927 (Industrial utilization) (ii) Sreefrs STAT (Commercial utilization) (iv) BM Wah Te (Agricultural utilization) (vy) Hat waAA se Traction utilization) fers Seatac a er, Tem Tr ayy gat ® sec war faye F eH | $12 uftunties yeerart (Detinitive terminology) () Fer area (Low Voltage) —arrt Refit F250 ve We af ecm frst aca aut 1 eae seats 200 V, 220 ¥, 250 v. 240 v 250 V, Mf te Hho fitter i ae Bo eho PER ETH ateeary art (i) REIT aterm (Medium voltage) —arry Festal # 2sav @ aur Har 650 v 8 8 3 Sheear gh OM heen Bet # aR area sucrooN, 380/220 V, 400/230, 4157240 V, 440250 Vv; 460/265 Vv, 500/290 V, anfe & ae ot a, te are TT 400/200 V, 4907220V, 480/240 V, s~250 V ae Bo ate feat arr ser dreamt anit 21 Gil) Fea Are (High yoltage) aria Tear # eso vd ar aT 33kV, AAR at dean a var Steer Bet E1 gah serie as Te Ld KV,..2.2 KV, 3.3 KV, 66 KV, LL RV, 22 kV. 33 KY aie aT vert Steeany aarat #1 Qy) at Fea GreM (Extra high volta; Ha3ky 2 ‘Sat St teat A ot Samet aes as i 132 kV, 220 kV, 400 kV 800 Se AP eA areas at $ | (¥) are argh (Standara frequency)—arr aM, Tarr wea (SO Hz) sri art 2 8 aif ana (power frequency ; Sen 1 ata Pree Pram (cen) argent gal (23%) TH SNE sei BAe | “amt a ata sire Scanned with CamScanner nse wih riserfee ved a ta a over Power House AC. 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System) (@) Tae, fet ste (single phase two wire systern} (i) THhey, Wiss, CHa Hen, FEAT FATT (Single phase two wire system with mid-point carthed) (ai) FR Pex Pia, Ga eM, fawTe HOT (Single phase three wire system with mid-point carhtcd) (©) fesar senaitera wore? (Two Phase A.C. System) (@) fewer, fare Foe (2p), 3-w, system) (ii) TEST, ST AT ATEN (2-9, 4-w, system) (D) freer searitera wore (Three Phase A.C. System) (i) Freer, fra woe (3-4, 3-v, system) (i) Geer, Se ae TOT (3-g, Aw, system) § 1.13 fear yore (Direct current system) (i) ree spats, Feewra, feee sore (Fea 1.4) Gly HER fre pare, fezera, feat yore (FF 1.5) fer—1.4 Scanned with CamScanner Skat with CareSemee(il) WET Fry spehRSra, Reeura, Frere Hemel (Fea 1.6) n 4 hu fa—1.6 § ad Se Her weneifarr wore (1-4, A.C. System) (i) & Sere SCalfore, weer eM, ferme se (Faz 1.7) a, i faa—1,7 i m1 > a1. Ci) ea Fe pe, rare ea, ene mh . (Ai) Se Fees en, nase ran, rae some ry ws bd & . 5 P i % Yn WW=0 (wena) fart9 | P Scanned with CamScanner Skat with CareSemee$1.15 fgeen weredfemn woreit (2-7, A. C. System) (i) fewer, Brae soret (2-9, 3, system) By ly Fr—1.10 Gi) fea, a AT ATS (2p, aw, system) 85 i, Pp fi $1.16 fexer yemadtere wont (3-4, A.C. System) (i) Fame, fra aot (3-d, 3.w, system) Scanned with CamScanner Skat with CareSemeefar 1.13 $1.17 feeart wont (Direct current system) (i) feezarey, fare woreft (Fae 1.14) (ii) ey fary yATR, Pesce, fare oe (Pa 1.15) faa—4 fae—1.15 (ii) Fer Pry yatta, fea, Brent weet PF 1.16) b Scanned with CamScanner Skat with CareSemee§ 1.18 Vat HAT To To AMT (Single Phase A.C. System) (i) Waet een, Fae Hoeft (PTF 1.17) (ii) I Fy yaa, Ger eT, Fie Weel (Frg 1.18) b fee—1.17 fea—1.18 (iii) 13 Fey yatta, ear eT, Fra OTe (Fa 1.19) I, feii9 $1.19 feeer wenedfant worst (Two Phase, A.C. System) () fawn, frie sont Par 1.20) . 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Vg rE ft (Sending ends) | (Receiving ends) Tey T R Tris fara—1.24 (2) Fer orgs ah vier Heron Zeat (Power transmission efficieny Of transmission liney—ae Serer Fara wifsea ae reer eer wats aT TTT 1 a% y, smac 8, ara: sie Hares feo sear #1 sei aA aR FAUT TET ([Link]) P, Sey =p 100 J Epis Fhe > 100 aq PS Phe = x 100 aa Bae aes ah ofr fee acy cen, aafrare fac afta War em fre airs a wfirera sepa aa 2 | CU) Bhafiarl ergs a acer Fras (Voltage cegutation)—aye Seva Fer {is # ofan fc an ae at area Hears ae afm fe ateear Senet FER sree ae ate me Peer art arate aferara (pev.t.) Scanned with CamScanner BeataVs— Vp 1 Va ix oltage Drop x 100 Rt x 100 $1.22 we ateee ziaftort & ary (Advantages) seq deca ge dys afar dae Sb ser are Preafisfis H @ FF ort (Low current)—fert what Haen gen fer Feat sex Steem at steven cared A er ar rr Feet dha 2 STEM (Explaination)—ats A waa ser Fer wea P= Hepp, Wz ar HT = D4 tear aH, a P= V1 cos Tz P afet we airy WT Fosg - i 2 " ore ara TOT egy (At constant P and cos 9) (i) Fe Stee (Low voltage drapy—seq Steer We Fa oe SI Ha wie Sree UT (UZ) aH ait a (ii) rem arem Frm (Better voltage regulation) —3eq etexay yy (Z-drop) % Fro Hea as BT Areeat Free de 8 aa 3 Pas sfitrd ae PREF (percentage voltage regulation) =z R= 100 (iv) Fer ifr Frat cow power losses) —aeq atezar ye, ey eT an, eer ae aaa wie (PR-osses) a aT 2 | (v) Fea Waco ae (High transmission efficiency) —3e atezar wT, Fra aft wrt (PR-tosses) & arm, dem areal a Aga BRR Ry 2am ag omit 2; ei afer wae zara (percentage transmission ef- ficiencyy— P, > P, He Yon =. |= —* = 0 GBM Shy Pat Ppa) * 100 aeat |y P| * 100 (vi) arere tend at aaa (Saving Of conductor materials) arene yard | Scanned with CamScanner nse wih riseraren (Explanation) ate wera aay aap HPA P = VI cos @ AE aT ant y= Da Rere Ga stem & et aT ant (square of diameter) pin td A MP ee sae nD cos yafee Pa A wf at (AL constant P and cos ¢) (vil) Set Cara St wa (Saving of other materials) aM aA H See UTS AT HM, ST TRL wT TT A aT a ae P| AR FETT, areal, wae, Was My Hage send wh wa ent #1 iti) Worst Fer (Overall cconomicaly—3a HAT Sea ate aT aan aret 3 Fra err BA saree, yoheter firveran enfaa Pet 4 1 feot{i) STO aI are, ore aeh fea A dege sift St atten gears art & ford, ses areca ah (fiers at Ptah tact creat ay WaT Bar 3 ee NT eee ae a, ET a cen Beer | Gi) Safty qhearr & Frat Fact ore a ater waar sea areca 3 fet agi Pear wae Baal aterm ash aE Ha ae ayaa Ts, TT aT TTR st seg st aedt 2, ae aept aise airrordt citas a aaa 1 $1.23 sea diem feeera wfed dar — High voltage direct current power transmission) fated @ fe anaes ere WC seed aa ST A weaTadieT wa HATE 3 aif fro i aeq we tae H geg Aree are searaMTTT (hvac) at ater seq aieem are Peeert (hiv.d.c.) afte faaera 8) ee fre Barer cat & fem dq ahaa sore Farad deer areal AT we asia Wert a enfia Pra ara 8, st werner a feean | aftalta ae € Shere fri we erat qatar at elie Fear ara 2, st Rew A Tenadian % wdatia axa &, stay fe far 1.25 8 ere 21 [Link] STEP-DOWN HD. 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