Safety Management

System (SMS)
ระบบบริหารนิรภัยการบิน
REV.05

By Jaranphat Sunthonchote
For training purposes only
What is safety?
 Safety ?
- freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury, danger,
or loss (Dictionary).
- Aviation: Safety is not risk free…?
- Practical Safety is Risk Management…?
- Error avoidance…?
- Regulatory compliance…?
- …?
 Timeline History of Manned Flight
1903: The Wright brothers make the first manned, powered,
controlled flight.
1919: the NC4 is the first plane to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
1927: Charles Lindbergh completes the first solo, nonstop transatlantic
flight in The Spirit of St. Louis, traveling from New York to Paris,
France.
 Timeline History of Manned Flight
1930s: The first Transatlantic Proving flights take place, with PanAm and BOAC traveling from Newfoundland
to Foynes and vice verse.
1940s: Transatlantic passenger flights to Foynes commence. After WWII, landplanes take over.
1950s: Flights are offered in the first commercial jet airliner, the de Havilland DH 106 Comet.
1960s: Man lands on the moon and Boeing releases the 747.
1970s: Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation unite to develop the Concorde, the first and only
supersonic civilian aircraft.
1980s: The first reusable spacecraft, Space Shuttle, is launched
1990s: NASA sends the Mars Pathfinder to Mars to commence the first exploration on the surface of another
planet.
2000s: The first nonstop, round-the-world flight by solar and battery-powered airplane is completed. Airbus
release the A380 double-decker civilian passenger jet
DELVELOPMENTS
Pioneers starting with
- Stick and string
- Aircraft instrument designed
- Magnetic compass start from “A” to “B”
- Fuel consumption
- Requirement of navigation aids
Development during World War I
- First engine instruments
- Pitch and bank attitude
- More standard and accuracy
WORLD WAR II
- Gas turbine engine was changed the picture of
aviation due to performance.
- The gas turbine engine instruments starting new
designed.
- Warning systems for dangerous flight situation.
- After World War II : Rapid growth of radio aids.

HE-178
 Historical background
Problems of first successful aeroplanes
- Engines and complicated procedures
- Long distances operations
- Day and night operations
- Operation for all weather conditions
- Awful take off and landing conditions
- Etc.
 Annex 13
Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which, in the case of a
manned aircraft, takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of
flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, or in the case of an unmanned aircraft,
takes place between the time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight until such time as
it comes to rest at the end of the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which:
a) a person is fatally or seriously injured
b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure
c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible
 Annex 13
Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of
an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation.
Serious incident. An incident involving circumstances indicating that there was a
high probability of an accident and associated with the operation of an aircraft
which, in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time any person
boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons
have disembarked, or in the case of an unmanned aircraft, takes place between the
time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight until such time as it
comes to rest at the end of the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut
down.
 Difference between ACCIDENT and INCIDENT

Incident can refer to any event – big or small, good or bad, intentional
or unintentional
An accident is a bad event caused by error or by chance. Accidents are
always unintentional, and they usually result in some damage or injury.
Aircraft accidents
The first aircraft incident in which 200 or more people died occurred on March 3,
1974, when 346 died in the crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981. As of April 2020,
there have been 33 aviation incidents in which 200 or more people died.
The largest loss of life on board a single-aircraft is the 520 fatalities in the 1985
Japan Airlines Flight 123 incident, the largest loss of life in multiple aircraft in a
single incident is the 583 fatalities in the two airplanes that collided in the 1977
Tenerife airport disaster, while the largest loss of life overall in a collective incident
is the 2,996 fatalities in the coordinated terrorist destruction of airplanes and
occupied buildings in the 2001 September 11 attacks.
 The evolution of safety

1950 >>> TECHNICAL FACTORS

1970 >>> HUMAN FACTORS

 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
The ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended
practices concerning air navigation, its infrastructure, flight
inspection, prevention of unlawful interference, and
facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international
civil aviation.

ICAO
ICAN
1947, an agency
1903 in Berlin, Germany
of the United
Nations (UN)

ICAO headquarters in Montreal

 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation
DOC 7300
22 Chapters
96 Articles

19 Annexes
ICAO Annexes 1 to 19

The first edition of Annex 19 was adopted by the Council on 25

February 2013 and becomes applicable on 14 November 2013.
 Safety: ICAO Definition
The state in which risks associated with aviation
activities, related to, or indirect support of the
operation of aircraft, are reduced and controlled
to an acceptable level
 Safety Management Systems (SMS)
*** A safety management system (SMS) is defined as a systematic
approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational
structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.
*** A Safety Management System (SMS) is a set of integrated tools, policies
and processes used by corporate management to fulfill their responsibility
to manage the safety risks associated with their organization’s operations as
a part of its overall business.

PEOPLE
PROCESSES
TECHNOLOGY
 BENEFITS OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT
- Strengthened safety culture
- Documented, process-based approach to assure safety
- Better understanding of safety-related interfaces and relationships
- Enhanced early detection of safety hazards
- Safety data-driven decision-making
- Enhanced communication of safety
- Evidence that safety is a priority
- Possible financial savings
- Improved efficiencies
- Cost avoidance
 ICAO Intent for SMS
ICAO first proposed SMS implementation in:
– Aerodromes (airports)
– Part 147 training organizations
– Organizations responsible for type design or manufacture of
aircraft
– Air Traffic System
– Airlines (fixed wing and helicopter operations)
• Flight Operations
• Maintenance and Engineering
 ANNEX 6.
APPENDIX 7. Framework for safety management systems (SMS)

This appendix specifies the framework for the

implementation and maintenance of a safety
management system (SMS) by an operator or an
approved maintenance organization.
 ANNEX 6. Safety management
1. States shall establish a State safety programme in order to achieve an acceptable level of
safety in civil aviation.
2. The acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall be established by the State.
3. States shall require, as part of their State safety programme, that an operator implement a
safety management system acceptable to the State of the Operator that, as a minimum:
a) identifies safety hazards;
b) ensures the implementation of remedial action necessary to maintain agreed safety
performance;
c) provides for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the safety performance; and
d) aims at a continuous improvement of the overall performance of the safety management
system.
4 ….
 Annex 19 Safety Management
CHAPTER 1. Definitions
CHAPTER 2. Applicability
CHAPTER 3. State safety management responsibilities
CHAPTER 4. Safety management system (SMS)
CHAPTER 5. Safety data collection, analysis and exchange
APPENDIX 1. State safety oversight system
APPENDIX 2. Framework for a safety management system (SMS)
ATTACHMENT A. Framework for a State safety programme (SSP)
ATTACHMENT B. Legal guidance for the protection of information from safety
data collection and processing systems
 Summary of Annex 19
The new First Edition of the new Annex becomes applicable on 14 November 2013. All of
the safety management provisions in Annex 19 except those listed below have been
transferred or duplicated from safety management provisions previously contained in six
other Annexes. The new provisions are as follows:
• The Safety Management System (SMS) framework now applies to organisations responsible
for the type design and manufacture of aircraft
• The four existing components of the State Safety Programme (SSP) framework - Safety
Policy and Objectives, Risk Management, Safety Assurance and Safety Promotion are raised
to the status of Standards
• The State Safety Oversight System is now applicable to the oversight of all product and
service providers
• Safety Data Collection Analysis and Exchange becomes part of the SSP
Relationship between an SSP and an SMS
 Safety Management System? (THAI)

A Safety Management System (SMS) is a set of

integrated tools, policies and processes used by
corporate management to fulfill their responsibility to
manage the safety risks associated with their
organization’s operations as a part of its overall business.
 วัตถุประสงค์สาคัญของแผนนิรภัยในการบินพลเรื อนแห่งชาติ (SSP)

1.เพื่อให้ ม่ น
ั ใจได้ ว่าประเทศมีกฎหมายและกฎข้ อบังคับเฉพาะด้ านที่สามารถใช้ ในการการกับดูแล
ความปลอดภัยด้ านการบินที่มีมาตรฐาน มีประสิทธิภาพ เป็ นธรรมกับผู้ให้ บริการด้ านการบินพลเรื อน
2. เพื่อให้ เกิดการบริหารจัดการความเสี่ยงด้ านความปลอดภัยร่ วมกันระหว่ างหน่ วยงานและ องค์ กรที่เกี่ยวข้ อง
ให้ อยู่ในระดับที่ยอมรั บได้ และระดับความเสี่ยงที่ยอมรั บได้ นัน้ ต้ องได้ รับการยอมรั บจากสํานักงานการบิน
พลเรื อนแห่ งประเทศไทย และผู้ให้ บริการด้ านการบินพลเรื อน
3. เพื่อส่ งเสริมประสิทธิภาพการดําเนินงานระบบการจัดการด้ านนิรภัย (Safety Management
System) ของผู้ให้ บริการด้ านการบินพลเรื อน
4. เพื่อใช้ เป็ นกลไกในการติดตามและวัดสมรรถนะด้ านความปลอดภัยในอุตสาหกรรมการบินของประเทศ
5. เพื่อการปรั บปรุ งสมรรถนะด้ านความปลอดภัยในภาพรวมของประเทศอย่ างต่ อเนื่อง
 หน่ วยงานและองค์ กรการบินทีเ่ กีย่ วข้ อง
1. การกํากับดูแลด้ านการบินพลเรื อน: สํานักงานการบินพลเรื อนแห่ งประเทศไทย
2. การสอบสวนอุบัตเิ หตุของอากาศยาน: คณะกรรมการสอบสวนอุบัตเิ หตุของอากาศยานในราชอาณาจักร
3. การค้ นหาและช่ วยเหลืออากาศยานประสบภัย :สํานักงานคณะกรรมการค้ นหาและช่ วยเหลืออากาศยานและ
เรื อที่ประสบภัย
4. การให้ บริการด้ านการบินพลเรื อน
ผู้ดาํ เนินการเดินอากาศ (Air operators)
ผู้ดาํ เนินงานสนามบิน (Airport operators)
ผู้ให้ บริการการเดินอากาศ (Air navigation service providers)
สถาบันฝึ กอบรมด้ านการบิน (Approved training organizations)
ผู้ดาํ เนินการหน่ วยซ่ อม (Approved maintenance organizations)
ผู้ออกแบบและผลิตผลิตภัณฑ์ (Aircraft/Product design and manufacturers)
ผู้ดาํ เนินการบินทั่วไป (General aviation operators)
5. หน่ วยงานของรัฐที่ปฏิบัตกิ ารบินร่ วมกับการบินพลเรื อน
 Safety Management Systems (SMS)

The state in which risks associated with aviation activities,

related to, or in direct support of the operation of aircraft,
are reduced and controlled to an acceptable level.
 องค์ ประกอบที่ 1 นโยบายในการบินพลเรือนของประเทศ
วัตถุประสงค์ และการจัดการ
- กฏหมายหลักด้ านการบิน
- กฏข้ อบังคับเฉพาะด้ าน
- ระบบโครงสร้ างองกรณ์ และหน้ าที่ความรับผิดชอบ
- บุคคลากรทางเทคนิค
- คู่มือแนะนําทางเทคนิค เครื่องมือและข้ อมูลสําคัญด้ านความปลอดภัย
 องค์ ประกอบที่ 2 การจัดการความเสี่ ยงด้ านความปลอดภัย
- การออกใบอนุญาต ใบรับรอง การมอบอํานาจและการให้ ความเห็นชอบ
- การจัดทําระบบการจัดการด้ านนิรภัย
- การระบุชสี ้ ภาวะอันตรายและการประเมินความเสี่ยงด้ านความปลอดภัย
- การสอบสวนอุบตั เิ หตุและอุบตั กิ ารณ์
- การจัดการความเสี่ยงด้ านความปลอดภัย
- การแก้ ไขปั ญหาความปลอดภัย
องค์ ประกอบที่ 3 การประกันด้ านความปลอดภัย

- ตรวจติดตามด้ านความปลอดภัย
- การจัดการสมรรถนะด้ านความปลอดภัย
 องค์ ประกอบที่ 4 การส่ งเสริมด้ านความปลอดภัย

- การสื่อสารและเผยแพร่ ข้อมูลด้ านความปลอดภัยภายใน

- การสื่อสารและเผยแพร่ ข้อมูลด้ านความปลอดภัยภายนอก
 Characteristics of an SMS
• An SMS is different from other safety programs because
of…
– Corporate management ownership,
– A risk based approach and
– It is integrated into the business system.

Corporate Management
Risk based Integrated
Ownership
 Traditional approach - On preventing accidents

Focus on outcomes (causes).

Unsafe acts by operational personnel.
Attach blame/punish for failures to “perform safely”
Address identified safety concern exclusively.

Identifies:
WHAT?
WHAT? WHO?
WHO? WHEN?
WHEN?
But not always discloses:
WHY? HOW?
The evolution of safety thinking
INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY MANAGEMENT

a) The safety stereotype;

b) The management dilemma;
c) The need for safety management;
d) Strategies for safety management;
e) The imperative of change;
f) Safety management — Eight building blocks; and
g) Four responsibilities for managing safety.
 The safety stereotype
- Misperception of aviation organizations ไ
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- Balance between products and protection of business organizations
2. _

- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Chicago convention

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 The need for safety management
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 James Reason ‘Swiss cheese’ System model of accident causation
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James Reason ‘Swiss cheese’ System model of accident causation
A concept of accident causation
 Strategies for safety management

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Navigating the practical drift
 The concept of practical drift
A) The deviation of a system or equipment from its designed performance capability
B) The evolution of procedures by operational personnel to accommodate
system deviations
C) The capture and analysis of information pertaining to system deviations
in order to control and mitigate their associated risks
The safety space
 The imperative of change
Global aviation activity and complexity continue to grow, deeply
changed operational contexts with their new challenges make
traditional methods of managing safety to an acceptable level
less effective and efficient.
- Baseline performance ใ ใน
→

- Regulatory compliance ตามกฎหมาย

→

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 Safety management — Eight building blocks
- Senior management’s commitment to the management of safety
- Effective safety reporting = dot 4 PMas
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- Continuous monitoring
- Investigation of safety occurrences
- Sharing safety lessons learned and best practices satctgpromotion
→ .

- Integration of safety training for operational personnel อ งาน ใ ในการ

- Effective implementation of standard operating procedures (SOPs),
TTPM TG
- Continuous improvement of the overall level of safety
→

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 Four responsibilities for managing safety

- Definition of policies and procedures regarding safety

- Allocation of resources for safety management activities
- Adoption of best industry practices
- Incorporation of regulations governing civil aviation safety
 Summary
• As global aviation activity and complexity continues to
grow, traditional methods for managing safety risks to an
acceptable level become less effective and efficient.
• Evolving methods for understanding and managing
safety risks are necessary. อ าง ใจ
ไป า
• SMS is the process that ICAO wants to evolve toward.
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ICAO Annex 19 for SMS requirement
SMS: ICAO Provisions
Annex 19 (First edition): Current Annex 19 (Second edition): This edition
supersedes, on 7 November 2019, all previous
editions of Annex 19.
 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
First Edition, Second Edition

Chapter 1. OVERVIEW OF THE MANUAL

Chapter 2. BASIC SAFETY CONTENTS
Chapter 3. INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Chapter 4. HAZARDS
Chapter 5. SAFETY RISKS
Chapter 6. ICAO SAFETY MANAGEMENT SARPs
Chapter 7. INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Chapter 8. SMS PLANNING
Chapter 9. SMS OPERATION
Chapter 10. PHASED APPROACH TO SMS IMPLEMENTATION
Chapter 11. STATE SAFETY PROGRAMME
 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
Third Edition — 2013

Chapter 1. Overview of the Manual

Chapter 2. Safety Management Fundamentals
Chapter 3. ICAO Safety Management SARPS
Chapter 4. State Safety Programme (SSP)
Chapter 5. Safety Management System (SMS)
 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
Fourth Edition — 2018

Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Safety management fundamentals
Chapter 3. Safety culture
Chapter 4. Safety performance management
Chapter 5. Safety data collection and processing systems
Chapter 6. Safety analysis
Chapter 7. Protection of safety data, safety information and
related sources
Chapter 8. State safety management
Chapter 9. Safety management systems
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 The Components of SMS
and ICAO SMS Framework
The Components of SMS

Safety policy and objectives

Safety risk management
Safety assurance
Safety promotion
 The Components of SMS
Safety policy and objectives
1.1 – Management commitment and responsibility
1.2 – Safety accountabilities of managers
1.3 – Appointment of key safety personnel
1.4 – Coordination of the emergency response plan
1.5 – Documentation
 Safety Policy and Objectives
1.1 – Management commitment and responsibility
– Executive management (accountable executive)
• Single, identifiable person
• Has responsibility for the organization’s safety
performance
– CEO/Chairman Board of Directors
– President
– The proprietor
 Safety Policy and Objectives
1.1 – Management commitment and responsibility
– Executive management must:
• Establish safety objectives and performance standards for
ดรtemdard และโยน 8MS อ
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• The safety objectives and performance standards should be linked

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to the Safety metrics, safety performance น__ safety
nปกนระยยc,
performance targets and safety requirements of the SMS.
• Determine the level of acceptable risk for safety.
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 CEO

Safety Policy and Objectives h

1.1 – Management commitment and responsibility

– Executive management must:

standards and organizational priorities.

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• Develop the safety policy in accordance with national and international
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• Communicate, with visible endorsement, the safety policy to all staff.

• Provide necessary human and financial resources.
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 Commitment and Policy : Corporate
The President of organization has the accountability to lead
organization to the safety commitment objective and all senior
managements have the obligation to manage safety for organization.
• Safety shall never be compromised.
• Organization will maintain an active safety management system.
• Organization will ensure that adequate resources and
funding are provided.
 Commitment and Policy : Corporate
• Managers and supervisors are accountable for practical safety
management implementation and continuous improvement,
including establishment of competency requirements, education and
training of personnel, as well as making the required tools and
equipment available for staff to use.
• Everyone is held accountable for safety performance.
 SMS Safety Goals
อง น การ ญเ ย
• There shall be no any hull losses of aircraft maintenance accident.
• There shall be no any serious injury to persons or serious damage to
property due to unsafe acts. ใ คน งานปอด ย

• There shall be no loss of life or injuries to passengers, crew, อคส ปลอดรวย

.

company staff or any other person due to maintenance activities.

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 The Components of SMS
Safety policy and objectives
1.1 – Management commitment and responsibility
1.2 – Safety accountabilities of managers
1.3 – Appointment of key safety personnel
1.4 – Coordination of the emergency response plan
1.5 – Documentation
 Safety Policy and Objectives
Head แ ละ วน จ ใน ว แหง
.

1.2 – Safety accountabilities of managers SM →

– Safety responsibilities of key personnel

- Flight safety officer
- Maintenance safety officer
- Corporate safety officer
– Could also include safety responsibilities of all staff.
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 Safety accountabilities

อเ น CEO ของ แ ละ แผนก อ เห อน บ ท กบ ท

การ
TG → Teohnical Department
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 The Components of SMS
Safety policy and objectives
1.1 – Management commitment and responsibility
1.2 – Safety accountabilities of managers
1.3 – Appointment of key safety personnel
1.4 – SMS implementation plan
1.5 – Coordination of the emergency response plan
1.6 – Documentation
 Appointment of key safety personnel
• The Safety Manager (Departmental) : ณไ บ ยายจาก รอย
า 5ตรา ป ใ เ น ปธรรม consoltat
.
→

- Manages the SMS implementation plan on behalf of the accountable

↳ จากจกรรม egieportt
แนว ไข
ทาง การ เ

executive.
Facilitates hazard identification and risk analysis and management
Monitors corrective actions to ensure their accomplishment.
Provides periodic reports on safety performance.
Maintains safety documentation. (SMS manual) ใน mawd ใ ตลอด
และ

Plans and organizes staff safety training.

Provides independent advice on safety matters. (i.e. PPE)
-ไไ_O
Internal safety consultant Perand Protecthe Eqoipment
* ridemiyation
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 Appointment of key safety personnel
• Safety Review Board (SRB):
• MSQB (Corporate)
• AMSC – Technical Department is chairman of AMSC.
High level committee
Strategic safety functions
• Chaired by the accountable executive.
• It may include the Board of Directors.
• Composed of heads of functional areas.
 The Components of SMS
Safety policy and objectives
1.1 – Management commitment and responsibility
1.2 – Safety accountabilities of managers
1.3 – Appointment of key safety personnel
1.4 – Coordination of the emergency response plan
1.5 – Documentation
 องไ บ กเ น ก หน ก แผนจะ อง
ใ 8M5 ไป วย
☒ snms แอน →
Emergencyplan .

1.4 – Coordination of emergency response planning

The organization shall ensure that an emergency response plan that
provides for the orderly and efficient transition from normal to
emergency operations, and the return to normal operations is
properly coordinated with the emergency response plans of those
organizations it must interface with, during the provision of its services.
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 Emergency response planning (ERP)
• Outlines what actions should be taken following an accident and
who is responsible for
• Director Quality or his designated will acted as a crisis management
representatives and recovering team leader and/or overall
coordinator on behalf of Airline Technical Department
 The Components of SMS
Safety policy and objectives
1.1 – Management commitment and responsibility
1.2 – Safety accountabilities of managers
1.3 – Appointment of key safety personnel
1.4 – Coordination of the emergency response plan
1.5 – Documentation
 SMS documentation
The organization shall develop and maintain SMS
documentation describing the safety policy and objectives,
the SMS requirements, the SMS processes and procedures,
the accountabilities, responsibilities and authorities for
processes and procedures, and the SMS outputs.
 Typical contents of an SMS manual
a) scope of the safety management system;
b) safety policy and objectives;
c) safety accountabilities;
d) key safety personnel;
e) documentation control procedures;
f) coordination of emergency response planning;
g) hazard identification and risk management schemes;
h) safety assurance;
i) safety performance monitoring;
j) safety auditing;
k) management of change;
l) safety promotion; and
m) contracted activities.
 SMS Documentation : responsibilities
All Department/Directors are responsible to ensure that all required
safety record related to their department are identified, collect, stored
and controlled for accessing and disposition.
The Safety Group is responsible to ensure that all required record of all
safety report are identified, collect, stored and controlled for accessing
and disposition. ควบ มนอง updote
คุ
 SMS Documentation : requirements
All organization Employee shall ensure that all the documents and data
used:
npsafeleelanager
• Can be located;
• Be annually reviewed, revised as necessary and/or approved for
adequacy by management; 7=12 เ อน
• Has available, Current Revisions and data at all required locations
where operations are essential to the effective functioning of the
safety management system performed; การ UPdate แไ การเป ยนแปลง
g. manual
เ น ก revlow แ ว ไ อะไรไ
แ
มี
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ล่
ม่
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ล้
ม่
ลี่
 SMS Documentation : requirements
• Obsolete documents and data are promptly removed from all
points of issue and points of use or otherwise assured against
unintended use; and
• Archival documents and data retained for legal or knowledge
preservation purposes or both are suitably identified.
• SMR shall review, revise and check the -SMS Manual.
SMS Documentation : safety records requirements
The safety records shall be included as minimum;
- all activities related to hazard identification,
- risk assessment and action taken,
- results of all investigations of accidents and incidents, including analysis
and action taken,
- all safety reports issued or received including analysis and action taken,
any safety recommendations,
- finding of all internal/external safety audit,
- safety assessments and program reviews, and
- “minutes of meeting” of management review (AMSC)
- management action.
 SMS Documentation : safety records requirements
• Shall be bear and have proper identification and writing that be
eligible.
• Shall be stored in suitable environment to prevent damage, or
deterioration.
• Safety record storage area shall be equipped with fire protection
equipment and shall be secured to prevent an unauthorized access.
 SMS Documentation : Safety Records to be sent to SAG

ๆ
• Air Safety Report (ASR) report มา น

Used for the Flight Occurrence with regard to the technical

aspects ภาค งบ
• Service Difficulty Report (SDR) teport มา วง
Defined and processed for the requirement of the THAI CAAT
Regulations that require THAI Technical Department to report its
occurrence.
อง report ใน ไ ใจ)
* การ repat ภาย 72 เม .
ต้
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 NON-PUNITIVE Safety Reporting Policy : Corporate
*
voluntargreport ภาค ศใจ .

• Staff must provide a comprehensive report of all incidents that

could jeopardize safety.
• All safety issues must be reported without any exception and with
openness to the fullest extent.
• The company will not apportion blame to any individual reporting
mishaps, operational incidents or other risk exposures, including
those where they themselves may have committed breaches of
standard operating procedures.
*** It’s important to be able to report hazards without fear of reprisal
ฒั
 NON-PUNITIVE Safety Reporting Policy : Corporate
ยกเ น
The only exception to general non-punitive policy relates to the following
serious failure of staff members to act responsibly, thus creating or
worsening risk exposures by:
• Premeditated or intentional acts that cause harm to personnel or damage
to equipment/property . การ report งใจลง เ อสนม
• Actions or decisions involving a reckless disregard to the safety and
precaution issues which affect the safety of our customers and our
fellow employees or the economic welfare of the company.
• Failure to report safety incidents or risk exposures as required by standard
operating procedures and/or this policy.
ที่ตั้
รื
ว้
 NON-PUNITIVE Safety Reporting Policy
• All maintenance personnel are required to report all safety concern
and any identified hazard in which management will not initiate
disciplinary action (Non-punitive) against any personnel who, in
good faith, discloses a hazard or safety occurrence report due to
Unintentional conduct.
O
• Every incident and accident be reported and investigated.
• Non-punitive approach to discipline does not preclude the use of a
general progressive approach to discipline in cases where an
employee is involved in similar, Recurrent events.
 NON-PUNITIVE Safety Reporting Policy
• All Management is committed to identifying deviations from standards and
taking immediate corrective action.
• All personnel have the duty to comply with the approved standards. Include
organization policy, procedures, aircraft manufacturer’s operating and
maintenance procedures and limitations, and related government regulations.
• All Management shall makes a clear distinction between honest mistakes and
intentional non-compliance with standards.
• Once honest mistakes occur and report, they should be addressed through
counseling and training.
 อ ล ครบ วน ดห น

เ มใc

เ ยน
อยอด

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 The Components of SMS
Safety risk management
2.1 – Hazard identification processes
2.2 – Risk assessment, mitigation and processes
Safety assurance
3.1 – Safety performance monitoring and measurement
3.2 – The management of change
3.3 – Continuous improvement of the SMS
Safety promotion
4.1 – Training and education
4.2 – Safety communication
 %
ร. Doc 98 59
.

Hazard identification
The organization shall develop and maintain a formal process
that ensures that hazards in operations are identified. Hazard
identification shall be based on a combination of reactive,
proactive and predictive methods of safety data collection.
 Definition of Hazard
Hazard – Condition, object or activity with the potential of
causing injuries to personnel, damage to equipment or
structures, loss of material, or reduction of ability to perform
a prescribed function.
 Hazards and consequences
A) First fundamental — Understanding hazards;
B) Second fundamental — Hazard identification;
C) Third fundamental — Hazard analysis; and
D) Fourth fundamental — Documentation of hazards.
1) UNDERSTANDING HAZARDS

- Natural hazards
- Technical hazards
- Economic hazards
 Natural hazards
A) Severe weather or climatic events (e.g. hurricanes, winter storms, droughts, tornadoes,
thunderstorms, lighting and wind shear)
B) Adverse weather conditions (e.g. icing, freezing precipitation, heavy rain, snow, winds and
restrictions on visibility)
C) Geophysical events (e.g. earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, floods and landslides)
D) Geographical conditions (e.g. adverse terrain or large bodies of water)
E) Environmental events (e.g. wildfires, wildlife activity, and insect or pest infestation)
F) Public health events (e.g. epidemics of influenza or other diseases).
 Technical hazards นตรายจาก ง ส างนา

A) Aircraft and aircraft components, systems, subsystems and

related equipment;
B) An organization’s facilities, tools and related equipment; and/or
C) Facilities, systems, subsystems and related equipment that
are external to the organization.
ที่
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 Economic hazards
A) Growth
B) Recession
C) Cost of material or equipment
D) ETC.
 2) HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
A) Design factors
B) Procedures and operating practices
C) Communications
D) Personnel factors
E) Organizational factors
F) Work environment factors
G) Regulatory oversight
H) Defenses
I) Human performance
 2) HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
a) design factors, including equipment and task design;
b) procedures and operating practices, including their documentation and checklists, and their validation
under actual operating conditions;
c) communications, including means, terminology and language;
d) personnel factors, such as company policies for recruitment, training, remuneration and allocation of
resources;
e) organizational factors, such as the compatibility of production and safety goals, the allocation of
resources, operating pressures and the corporate safety culture;
f) work environment factors, such as ambient noise and vibration, temperature, lighting and the
availability of protective equipment and clothing;
g) regulatory oversight factors, including the applicability and enforceability of regulations; the certification
of equipment, personnel and procedures; and the adequacy of oversight;
h) defences, including such factors as the provision of adequate detection and warning systems, the
error tolerance of equipment and the resilience of equipment to errors and failures; and
i) human performance, restricted to medical conditions and physical limitations.
Hazard Identification Processes
• Initial hazard list
• Reactive processes
• Proactive processes
• Predictive processes
 กา น หา น เห ไข
และ หาทาง
SMS Strategies
ในกร เห เ ด แ ว

นาย วงห าจาก อ ล record เห

จะ เ ด แ ว m

แ ะ
ทาง

ไป น หา hazard และ หา

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ง­
 Reactive Hazard Identification
• Investigation of accidents and incidents.
– Based on the belief that we should learn from our
mistakes, which provide valuable information.
– Most appropriate for:
• Events caused by errors and violations
• Situations involving failures in technology
• Unusual events.
– These investigations must go beyond the triggering cause(s) to
include contributing factors and findings as to hazards and risks.
• The Boeing Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) is a
Reactive Investigation process.
 Proactive Hazard Identification ตรวจ โลง → เ นทางการ
• Mandatory and voluntary reporting systems, safety audits, and
surveys. สารไ เ ม น เ า audit ไ เ น การ
→ ทาง

• Based upon the belief that system failures can be minimized by:
– Identifying safety risks within the system before it fails
– Taking the necessary actions to reduce such safety risks.
• Quality Assurance audits
• Internal (safety of flight) hazard reporting systems.
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Proactive
 Predictive Hazard Identification
• Flight data analysis and normal operations monitoring.
– Based upon the belief that safety management is best
accomplished by aggressively seeking information from a variety
of sources, which may predict emerging safety risks.
– Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) Analysis or
Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA).
– Line Operations Safety Audits (LOSA)
• Flight
• Maintenance
• Ramp.
 → voicc recorder
-
datarecorder → 64 flfht
leg .

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.
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f * เ น าย ด ปสภ .
พอสมควร

# จาก Casei
MH 370 งออก ม า ไป
↳ สามารถลง
sorvey ไ ☒ย

อง ไ น จาก เ ม 30 น
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 Hazards for Pilots
There are numerous possible hazards associated with flying,
including fatigue, stress, environment, weather conditions,
aircraft equipment and condition, and external pressures such
as a check ride or a pushy passenger. The risk associated with
each hazard varies with each individual pilot
 Examples of Hazards for Pilots
acto อเ ด ไ
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การตอบ สอง แบบ
emergency
→
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 Hazards for ATC

1. Communication Hazards
2. Construction Hazards
3. Airport Design Hazards
4. Operational Hazards
5. Visibility Hazards
 Examples of Hazards for ATC

ด น
runwg
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ที่ติ
Examples of Hazards for Airports
Airport and aircraft hazards
 CABIN SAFETY AND THE ROLE OF CABIN CREW
1) Preventing incidents from escalating in the cabin, such as smoke or fire;
2) Informing the flight crew of abnormal situations observed in the cabin or
relating to the aircraft, such as pressurization problems, engine
anomalies, and contamination of critical surfaces; and
3) Preventing unlawful interference and managing passenger events that
can compromise safety and security of the flight, such as hijackings.
 The Health Risks of Being a Flight Attendant
Flight attendants are continuously exposed to a range of job-
related exposures such as poor cabin air quality, cosmic
ionizing radiation, elevated ozone levels, pesticides from cabin
disinfection, high levels of occupational noise, circadian
rhythm disruption, heavy physical job demands, and verbal
and sexual
 Maintenance & Engineering Hazards
In order to talk about Maintenance & Engineering, remember the
relationship of Maintenance & Engineering to safety of flight.
latentfailore ไ ใ เ ด accidentใน น
– Can be the primary cause of an accident (8%). แ accident โดน
เ อเ ด
CActivefadore )
คนอ blome อน Pilot

– Can be a contributing factor to an accident (primary cause pilot

error) in an additional 20% to 30% of the accidents.
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 System/Structural Failures as Hazards
• There can be risks associated with risks. In these cases what
was once considered a risk can be viewed as a hazard.

• Aircraft system/structural failure is the hazard.

• Risk associated with aircraft system failures is an accident.
 Errors/Violations as Hazards

• Errors and violations are hazards.

• Risks associated with errors and violations are aircraft
system/structural failures.
• Risk associated with aircraft system failures is an accident.
 Contributing Factors as Hazards

• Contributing factors are hazards. จ ย วม iden เ น าง อ าง เ ก อย factor ใน

→ .
ยากมาก เพราะ การรวม เอา
ๆ
ละ มรว
มาก
ด าย เ น จ ยเ ม น acdident ของ

• Risks associated with contributing factors are errors and violations.

• Risks associated with errors and violations are aircraft
system/structural failures.
• Risk associated with aircraft system failures is an accident.
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 Contributing factors
• Changes in work procedures or the working environment;
• Purchase or lease additional aircraft;
• Decommissioning existing aircraft;
• Adding new buildings, runways or equipment;
• Purchasing or switching new products (parts or chemicals);
• Implementing cost reduction strategies;
• Incorporating new labor-saving technologies;
• Workplace changes due to accidents, incidents or identified irregularities; or
• New employee union demands.
 3) HAZARD ANALYSIS
First step. Identify the generic hazard
→ looalized มองจากภให
Second step. Break down the generic hazard into specific hazards or
components of the generic hazard. Tsolated แยก ออก เ น วน1
→
มา

Third step. Link specific hazards to potentially specific consequences

Located → ป hazard

LOCALIZED
ISOLATED
LOCATED
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 Documentation of hazards

a) definitions of terms used;

b) understanding of terms used;
c) validation of safety information collected;
d) reporting (i.e. what the organization expects);
e) measurement of safety information collected; and
f) management of safety information collected.
The focus of hazard identification
Documentation of hazards
 Human Factors
60-100% of aviation accidents & incidents are caused by Human
พ ง เผลอ
Slips, oops, it happened as I wasn’t thinking Lapses, I forgot

Mistakes, I thought about it and correctly did the wrong thing (together the 3 cases
above are Errors)
Violations, I deliberately did not follow the laid down procedure (not always
า น
malicious)
ฝ่
ลั่
ฝื
 Errors versus Violations :
Similarity and difference between Errors (which are a normal human
activity) and Violation are that:
• Both can lead to a failure of the system.
• Both can result in a hazardous situation.
• The difference lies in the intent.
• A violation is a deliberate act, while an error is unintentional.
n
ห

• In any event, violations should not be tolerated.

ส๊
 # า นตามสถาน การ ex .
ำไ ยอม สนอง
เพราะ เ นา วใก ๆ
ง ขอ มไป อน
Understanding violations ☒ ายแรง ด เพราะ อ า เ น Norms ไป
แนว ทาง
ป ไ ก อง accident
→
.
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 Factors on Maintenance Error
Design factors, including equipment and task design.
Procedures and operating practices, including documentation and
checklists.
Work environment factors, such as ambient noise and vibration, temperature,
lighting and protective equipment and clothing.
Organizational factors, such as company policies for recruitment, training,
knowledge, remuneration, equipment and allocation of resources.
Communications, including means, terminology and language.
 Factors on Maintenance Error
Regulatory factors, including the applicability and enforceability
of regulations; certification of equipment, personnel and
procedures; and the adequacy of oversight.
Defences including detection and warning systems, and the
extent to which the equipment is resilient against errors and
failures.
Human performance, including medical conditions and physical
limitations.
 Three strategies to control operational errors
1) Reduction strategies ยาลด

2) Capturing strategies → บ

3) Tolerance strategies →
อั
 Three strategies for the control of Human Error
• Error reduction strategies intervene at the source of the error by reducing
or eliminating the contributing factors to the error.
– Human-centred design
– Training
– Ergonomic factors ออก ใ เ า บ ระ
ศาสต
• Error capturing strategies assume once the error has already been made,
then capturing the error before it generates adverse consequences are felt.
อง ohectelist taskcardsjobcard
– Checklists crosscheck ใน ความ , _

– Task cards correction

– Flight strips
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 Three strategies for the control of Human Error
• Error tolerance strategies tend to increase the ability of a system to
accept an error without serious consequence.
– System redundancies ระบบ เส ม สารอง
,

– Structural inspections programs

Again : be reminded that :
Human errors are manageable through the application of
improved technology, relevant training, and appropriate regulations
and procedures.
ริ
 The Components of SMS
Safety risk management
• 2.1 – Hazard identification processes
• 2.2 – Risk assessment and mitigation processes
Safety assurance
• 3.1 – Safety performance monitoring and measurement
• 3.2 – The management of change
• 3.3 – Continuous improvement of the SMS
Safety promotion
• 4.1 – Training and education
• 4.2 – Safety communication
 Safety risk assessment and mitigation

The organization shall develop and maintain a formal process

that ensures analysis, assessment and control of the safety
risks in organization operations.
 Safety Risk Management
2.2 – Risk assessment and mitigation processes
The assessment of a hazard for risk, the mitigation of the
risk to an acceptable level, and reliably maintaining the risk
at that level. Thisk Vs Hazard
b
เรา เจอ อน
ก่
 SAFETY RISKS
Safety risk is defined as the assessment, expressed in terms
of predicted probability and severity, of the consequences of a
hazard, taking as reference the worst foreseeable situation.
- First fundamental — Safety risk management
- Second fundamental — Safety risk probability
- Third fundamental — Safety risk severity
- Fourth fundamental — Safety risk tolerability
- Fifth fundamental — Safety risk control/mitigation
- The five fundamentals of safety risk management — Summary.
 Safety risk management
Safety risk management is a generic term that encompasses the
assessment and mitigation of the safety risks of the consequences
of hazards that threaten the capabilities of an organization, to a
level as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP).
ความ
นแรง
โอกาส จะ เ ด
ที่
รุ
กิ
Safety risk management
 ้

ปรามเ น ว เลข - - -
-
- -

SAFETY RISK PROBABILITY กกต

¥ 0

Safety risk probability is defined as the likelihood that an

unsafe event or condition might occur.
a) Is there a history of similar occurrences to the one under
consideration, or is this an isolated occurrence?
b) What other equipment or components of the same type might
have similar defects?
c) How many personnel are following, or are subject to, the
procedures in question?
d) What percentage of the time is the suspect equipment or the
questionable procedure in use?
ฮึ๋
ตั
ป็
* SAFETY RISK PROBABILITY
 ความ นแรง → ประเด เ น กษร

SAFETY RISK SEVERITY

Safety risk severity is defined as the possible consequences
of an unsafe event or condition, taking as reference the
worst foreseeable situation.
a) How many lives may be lost?
b) What is the likely extent of property or financial damage ?
c) What is the likelihood of environmental impact ?
d) What are the likely political implications and/or media interest?
รุ
อั
ป็
 E-× s
Nz Tanle ตาก แดด

SAFETY RISK SEVERITY PP :3

3
3 13
§ ะ B

comcctireplan ะ าย
ที่
ย้
* SAFETY RISK TOLERABILITY ☒ ออก
ลอบ
 แ ละ คนจะ ความ 1 ไ ตรง N
ง อง ประ ม สป
น เ อ หา อ ง
SAFETY RISK TOLERABILITY i.

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Risk Tolerability (ICAO)
The safety risk management process
 SAFETY RISK CONTROL/MITIGATION
There are three generic strategies for safety risk control/mitigation
a) Avoidance. 5M→ จะ หา ให อ

b) Reduction. บรรเทา /ลด

→

c) Segregation of exposure.
การ การ บรรเทา แ งออก เ น3
วิ
วิ
ป็
บ่
ธี
ธี
ม่
 Effectiveness
Will it reduce or eliminate the safety risks of the consequences of
the unsafe event or condition
- Engineering mitigations. This mitigation eliminates the safety
risk of the consequences of the unsafe event or condition, for
EX
example, by providing interlocks to prevent thrust reverser
.

activation in flight.
 Effectiveness
Control mitigations. This mitigation accepts the safety risk of the
consequences of the unsafe event or condition but adjusts the
system to mitigate such safety risk by reducing it to a
manageable level, for example, by imposing more restrictive
operating conditions.
 Effectiveness
Personnel mitigations. This mitigation accepts that engineering
and/or control mitigations are neither efficient nor effective, so
personnel must be taught how to cope with the safety risk of the
consequences of the hazard, for example, by adding warnings,
revised checklists, SOPs and/or extra training. Personnel
mitigations are considered “soft actions”, since they rely on
flawless human performance
งื๊
 * flowohart ค าว ของ การ ปกใน
ๆ
The safety risk mitigation process
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THE FIVE FUNDAMENTALS OF SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT —

SUMMARY
a) There is no such thing as absolute safety — in aviation it is not possible to
eliminate all safety risks.
b) Safety risks must be managed to a level “as low as reasonably practicable” (ALARP).
c) Safety risk mitigation must be balanced against:
1) time;
2) cost; and
3) the difficulty of taking measures to reduce or eliminate the safety risk.
d) Effective safety risk management seeks to maximize the benefits of accepting
a safety risk .
e) The rationale for safety risk decisions must be communicated to the stakeholders
affected by them, to gain their acceptance.
 Acceptable Level of Safety

• Implementation ห ง จาก การ 1 ใ งาน อา ประเ น 3 แบบ

– The concept of acceptable level of safety is expressed in

practical terms by three measures:
• Safety metrics
l• Safety performance indicators
• Safety performance targets.
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 Acceptable Level of Safety
• Safety metrics
– Variables that are measured and are related to safety
-- Maintenance examples
– Rejected take-offs due to mechanical failures
ไ ญหา
– Maintenance write-ups for 10 days after D check
– Average number of MEL items per aircraft per fleet
– Average number of days late out of letter check
– Flight delays due to maintenance
– Flight cancellations due to maintenance.
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 Acceptable Level of Safety
• Safety indicators ด น
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– Short and medium term objectives of an organization’s SMS

regarding the safety metrics.
– Linked to major components of an organization’s SMS.
– The measures that the organization considers “safe” or
“safe enough.”
– Expressed in numerical terms.
• Example – No more than an average of 8 maintenance write-ups per
aircraft for 10 days after D check.
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 Acceptable Level of Safety
• Safety targets
– Long-term objectives of an organization’s SMS.
– Determined by weighing what is desirable and what is
realistic for an organization.
– Expressed in numerical terms.
• Example - By 2014 reduce the average number of
maintenance write-ups per aircraft for 10 days after D
check to < 4.
 Acceptable Level of Safety
… Implementation
– An acceptable level of safety will always be
expressed by a number of safety indicators and
safety targets, never by a single one.
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 As a Reminder
• There is no such thing as absolute safety.
• In aviation it is not possible to eliminate all risks.
• Risks can be managed to a level “as low as reasonably
practicable” (ALARP)
• Risk mitigation must be balanced against:
time
cost
difficulty of taking measures to reduce or eliminate the risk (i.e. managed).
• Effective risk management seeks to maximize the benefits of
accepting a risk (a reduction in time and cost) while minimizing the
risk itself.
 ให เ ยว ราย MRO ง บใ เ อน พ.ค.
* caAT ออก
กฎหมาย
The Components of SMS
Safety risk management
2.1 – Hazard identification processes
2.2 – Risk assessment, mitigation and processes
Safety assurance
3.1 – Safety performance monitoring and measurement
3.2 – The management of change
3.3 – Continuous improvement of the SMS
Safety promotion
4.1 – Training and education
4.2 – Safety communication
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 Safety performance monitoring and measurement
The organization shall develop and maintain the means to
verify the safety performance of the organization and to
validate the effectiveness of safety risk controls. The safety
performance of the organization shall be verified in reference
to the safety performance indicators and safety performance
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targets of the SMS.

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 Safety performance monitoring and measurement

Safety performance monitoring is conducted through the

collection of safety data and safety information from a variety
of sources typically available to an organization.
Safety objectives เ น ว
→ และ ดยล.

Safety Performance Indications(SPIs)

Safety Performance Targets(SPTs)
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- Findings and recommendations from safety investigations

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3.1 Safety performance monitoring and measurement
Performance monitoring and measurement is conducted for two reasons:
*Provides information concerning whether SMS policies, practices and
procedures have been incorporated into the organization’s operations
and business practices and whether they are being correctly followed.
*Provides management with information concerning the effectiveness
of SMS policies, practices and Procedures.
– Provides data to support the quality improvement program of the SMS.
 Internal audit องอ าง ห วยงานทน g.
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Internal audits are most effective when conducted by persons or
t
departments independent of the functions being audited. Such audits าง ฝอย

should provide the accountable executive and senior management with

feedback on the status of:
a) compliance with regulations; ไปตาม อ ปม
b) compliance with policies, processes and procedures;
c) the effectiveness of safety risk controls;
d) the effectiveness of corrective actions; and
e) the effectiveness of the SMS.
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 The Components of SMS
Safety risk management
2.1 – Hazard identification processes
2.2 – Risk assessment and mitigation processes
Safety assurance
3.1 – Performance monitoring and analysis
3.2 – The management of change
3.3 – Continuous improvement of the SMS
Safety promotion
4.1 – Training and education
4.2 – Safety communication
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The management of change
The organization shall develop and maintain a formal process to identify
changes within the organization which may affect established processes
and services; to describe the arrangements to ensure safety performance
before implementing changes; and to eliminate or modify safety risk
controls that are no longer needed or effective due to changes in the
operational environment.
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 Management of Change
• Aviation organizations experience permanent change due to
expansion, introduction of new equipment, or introduction of
new procedures.
• Changes can:
a) introduction of new technology or equipment;
b) changes in the operating environment;
c) changes in key personnel;
d) significant changes in staffing levels;
e) changes in safety regulatory requirements;
f) significant restructuring of the organization; and
g) physical changes (new facility or base, aerodrome layout changes etc.).
 The management of change :
• Safety Group shall ensure that all change management will
be performed with the hazard identification and risk
assessment and the result shall be reported to the
concerned function and the AMSC.
• Three main considerations:-
Criticality of systems and activities. eg ณหเ า วโ ดางาน อๆ chede
.
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Stability of systems and operational environments.

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 The Components of SMS
Safety risk management
preactdve .

2.1 – Hazard identification processes

2.2 – Risk assessment and mitigation processes
Safety assurance
3.1 – Performance monitoring and analysis
3.2 – The management of change
3.3 – Continuous improvement of the SMS
Safety promotion
4.1 – Training and education
4.2 – Safety communication
 Continuous improvement of the SMS

The organization shall develop and maintain a formal process

to identify the causes of substandard performance of the SMS,
determine the implications of substandard performance of the
SMS in operations, and eliminate or mitigate such causes.
 Continuous improvement of the SMS
SMS effectiveness should be based on:
a) Audits
b) Assessments
c) Monitoring of occurrences
d) Safety surveys
e) Management reviews
f) Evaluation of SPIs and SPTs
g) Addressing lessons learnt
 Continuous Improvement of the SMS
• Continuous improvement aims at:
– Determining the immediate causes of below standard
performance and their implications in the operation
of the SMS.
– Rectifying situations involving below standard performance
identified through safety assurance activities.
 Continuous Improvement of the SMS
• Continuous improvement is achieved through:
ปธรรม
– Proactive evaluation of facilities, equipment, documentation
and procedures through quality audits and surveys.
นามธรรม
– Proactive evaluation of the individuals’ performance, to verify
.

the fulfilment of their safety responsibilities.

ไ เ นแ หาก เ ด เ อง อ> แกมาไป
– Reactive evaluations in order to verify the effectiveness of
the system for control and mitigation of risks, for example:
accidents, incidents and major events investigations.
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 The Components of SMS
Safety risk management
2.1 – Hazard identification processes
2.2 – Risk assessment and mitigation processes
Safety assurance
3.1 – Performance monitoring and analysis
3.2 – The management of change
3.3 – Continuous improvement of the SMS
Safety promotion
4.1 – Training and education
4.2 – Safety communication
 Training and education
The organization shall develop and maintain a safety training
program that ensures that personnel are trained and
competent to perform the SMS duties. The scope of the safety
training shall be appropriate to each individual’s involvement
in the SMS.
 Training and Education
• The safety manager should, in conjunction with the personnel
department, review the job descriptions of all staff, and identify
those positions that have safety responsibilities.
• Necessary training should then be provided to these staff in order
for them to carry out the safety portion of their job responsibilities.
 Minimum initial safety training
- Organizational safety policies and safety objectives
- Organizational roles and responsibilities related to safety
- Basic Safety Risk Management(SRM) principles
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- The organization’s SMS processes and procedures

- Human factors
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 Training and Education
• Who?
– Operational personnel
– Managers and supervisors
– Senior managers
– Accountable executive ณแรก เ ยน
• Why?
– To ensure that personnel are trained and competent to perform
the SMS duties.
• How much?
– Appropriate to the individual’s involvement in the SMS (direct, indirect)
***Recurrent safety training should focus on changes to the SMS policies, processes and
procedures, and should highlight any specific safety issues relevant to the organization or
lessons learned
ที่
รี
 The Components of SMS
Safety risk management
2.1 – Hazard identification processes
2.2 – Risk assessment and mitigation processes
Safety assurance
3.1 – Performance monitoring and analysis
3.2 – The management of change
3.3 – Continuous improvement of the SMS
Safety promotion
4.1 – Training and education
4.2 – Safety communication
 Safety communication
The organization shall develop and maintain formal means for
safety communication that ensures that all personnel are fully
aware of the SMS, conveys safety-critical information, and
explains why particular safety actions are taken and why
safety procedures are introduced or changed.
 Safety Communication
Safety communication aims to:
- Ensure that all staff are fully aware of the SMS.
- Convey safety critical information.
- Raise awareness of new safety risk controls and corrective actions.
- Provide information on new or amended safety procedures
- Promote a positive safety culture and encourage personnel to
identify and report hazards
- Provide feedback
 Safety Communication
The means to communicate may include:
– Safety policies and procedures
– News letters.
– Bulletins
– Website
– All hands meetings
Safety communication is an essential foundation for the
development and maintenance of a positive culture.
 Positive culture
A positive workplace culture improves teamwork, raises the morale,
increases productivity and efficiency, and enhances retention of the
workforce. Job satisfaction, collaboration, and work performance are all
enhanced. And, most importantly, a positive workplace environment
reduces stress in employees.

[Link] › pragyaagarwaleurope › 2018/08/29

* Five Elements of a Good Safety Culture
 Good Safety Culture
• Management and employees understanding of hazards and risks
• Reporting Culture: All personnel freely share critical Safety
information.
• Just Culture: Employees must know what is acceptable and
unacceptable behavior.
• Learning Culture: The company learns from mistakes. Staff are
updated on safety issues by management.
• Flexible Culture: Organizational willingness to change.
How a blame Culture Affects Safety
 Conclusion SMS อ ระบบ

• Safety management systems turn safety into a systematic process.

อา ย ษ 8ha e อ ล
• Development can be done with sharing of information and experience -
you don’t compete on safety.
ควบ รวม การ
aoditeaddmt accidentn อง น
& การ
กลาม
• SMS models can be used to unify management, audit and incident จาก mcident
investigation. aeadent
• SMS does not guarantee everything - to get ahead you need to
develop a safety culture as well.
• Safety report system is confidential and Non-Punitive.

Let’s have a Safety Culture

Writes up your report on Hazard and Occurrences
คื
ข้
ป้
รู่
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ศั
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 1.1 Management commitment and responsibility 2.1 Hazard Identification

1.2 Safety Accountabilities Enhance Quality and Compliance

1.3 Appointment of key safety personnel Identify and Address emerging

safety issue
1.4 Coordinating of emergency Safety Policy Safety Risk
response planning Reduce Operational Risk
and Management
Objective
1.5 SMS documentation 2.2 Safety risk assessment and
mitigation

3.1 Safety performance

monitoring and measurement Safety Safety
Assurance Promotion 4.1 Training and Education
Audit
Observation Everyone
Survey Bulletin
Monitoring Classroom
Newsletter
3.2 The management of change Advisory Note

3.3 Continuous Improvement of SMS

4.2 Safety Communication
Reference documents
- ICAO Doc 9859, Safety Management Manual (SMM)
- Thai Technical Department Safety Management Manual (DT SMS)
- ICAO SMS presentation
- แผนนิรภัยในการบินพลเรือนแห่ งชาติ State Safety Programme (SSP)
- ระบบบริหารนิรภัยการบิน (Safety Management System) ไพรัช แผ้ วสกุล
- The air traffic control perspective on runway excursion hazards
- Hazards and Risks of Airport Operations
- DOC 7300 Convention on International Civil Aviation
- DOC 10002 Cabin Crew Safety Training Manual
- Boeing SMS
- [Link]
- [Link]
Reference documents
- ICAO Doc 9859, Safety Management Manual (SMM)
- Thai Technical Department Safety Management Manual (DT SMS)
- ICAO SMS presentation
- แผนนิรภัยในการบินพลเรือนแห่ งชาติ State Safety Programme (SSP)
- ระบบบริหารนิรภัยการบิน (Safety Management System) ไพรัช แผ้ วสกุล
- The air traffic control perspective on runway excursion hazards
- Hazards and Risks of Airport Operations
- DOC 7300 Convention on International Civil Aviation
- DOC 10002 Cabin Crew Safety Training Manual
- Boeing SMS
- [Link]
- [Link]