CITY MONTESSORI SCHOOL

XII
SOLUTION
Q1fill in the blanks
[Link]……...of boiling pointof a solvent by the addition of a
solute is………. proportional to themolality of the solution.

(ISC 2009). [Link] ............... pressure of an

aqueous solution of 0.1 M cane sugar is ............... than that of
pure water.
(ISC2010) [Link] which
strictly obey ................. law are called……....... solutions.
(ISC 2012)
d. The van't Hoff factor of acetic acid solution in benzene
is……………….. than one and the value of normal colligative
property is ............... than the observed colligative property of
this solution. . (ISC 2016)
[Link] solution obey ……………. law and they........... form
azeotropic mixtures (ISC 2014)

f . On dilution of a solution, its specific

conductance…………………… while its equivalent
conductance….. (ISC2017)
g. The elevation of boiling point of 0.5 M K, SO solution is
2 4

........... that of 0.5 M urea solution. The elevation of boiling

point of 0.5 M KCl solution is ............. that of 0.5 M K SO
2 4

solution. (ISC 2019)

Q2 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
[Link] aqueous solution of urea freezes at -0.186° C, Kf for water
= 1.86 K kg mol, K, for water = 0.512K kg mol1. The boiling
point of urea solution will be: (ISC 2018)
(a) 373.065 K
(c) 373.512 K
(b) 375.186 K
(d) 373.0512 K
2. A solution containing components A and B follows Raoult's
law. With reference to the statement which of the following
options is correct? [ISC 2021 (Sem-1)]
(a) A - B attraction force is greater than A- A and B-B.
(b) A — B attraction force is less than A — A and B-B.
(c) A-B attraction force remains the same as A – A and B― B.
(d) Total volume of solution is different from sum of volumes of
both components A and B.
3. A solution of urea (molecular mass = 60) contains 8.6 g per
litre. It is isotonic with a 5% solution Of non volatileand non
electrolyte [Link] will be the molecular weight of solute.
a.34.9 g/mol b. 349 g/mol c.861 g/mol d.3490
g/mol
4. The relative lowering of vapour pressure of a solvent by the
addition of a solute is (ISC 2000)
(a) proportional to the molarity of the solution
(b) proportional to the molality of the solution
(c) equal to the mole fraction of the solute
(d) equal to the mole fraction of the solvent
5. The lowest freezing point of 0.1 M aqueous solution is of:
(ISC 2006)
(a) K2SO 4
(c) urea
(b) NaCl
(d) glucose
6. The solubility of a gas at constant temperature varies directly
with pressure of the gas is based upon :
(a) Raoult's law
(ISC 2008)
(b) Henry's law
(c) Nernst's distribution law
(d) none of these
7. The molecular weight of sodium chloride determined by
measuring the osmotic pressure of its aqueous solution is:
(a) double the theoretical value
(b) same as theoretical value
(c) half of theoretical value
(e) three times of theoretical value
8. The solubility of a gas at constant temperature varies directly
with pressure of the gas is based upon :
(a) Raoult's law
(ISC 2008)
(b) Henry's law
(c) Nernst's distribution law
(d) none of these
9. If a solute dissociates in solution, the value of van't Hoff
factor is: (ISC 2010)
(a) zero (b) one c) greater than one d) less than one
10. Under indentical conditions, out of the following solutions,
the one having the highest boiling will be:
(a) 0.1 M NaCl
(c) 0.1 M KNO 3
(b) 0.1 M BaCl2
(d) 0.1 M K4 [Fe(CN)6] ( ISC 2011)
[Link] the following terms used for denoting concentration of a
solution, the one which does not get
affected by temperature is :
(ISC 2014)
 (a) molarity
(b) molality
(c) formality d.
normality

Q.3 The molecular weights of sodium chloride and glucose are

determined by the depression of freezing point method.
Compared to their theoretical molecular weights, what will be
their observed molecular weights when determined by the above
method? Justify your answer. (ISC 2007 )
Q 4 Define abnormal molar mass
Q.5 Which of the following solutions will have a lower vapour
pressure and why? (ISC 2011)
(1) A 5% (w/v) solution of cane sugar (C12H22O11) (2) A 5%
(w/v) solution of urea (NH2CONH2) (Relative atomic masses:
H = 1,C=12,0=16,N = 14) (ISC 2009)
Q6 0.1 M urea solution shows less depression in freezing point
than 0.1M MgCl2 solution. Explain.
Q7. Two liquids A and B form type II non-ideal solution which
shows a minimum in its temperature-mole fraction plot (T-x
diagram) can the two liquids be completely separated by
fractional distillation?

( ISC
2015)
NUMERICALS
1. The depression in the freezing point of a sugar solution was
found to be 0.402°C. Calculate the osmotic pressure of the sugar
solution at 27°C (K = 1.85 K kg /mol1)
f

(ISC 2006)
2. (a) Albumins are the most abundant proteins in blood. At
25°C, 3.5 g of albumin in 100 mL of water produces an osmotic
pressure of 0.014 atm. What is the molecular weight of albumin
?
(b) Schematically the represent temperature- composition curve
for the vapour in equilibrium with an ideal mixture of two
completely miscible liquids of different boiling points. Explain
with the aid of this diagram how fractional distillation is (ISC
2008)
3. The osmotic pressure of 0.01 molar solution of an electrolyte
is found to be 0.65 atm. at 27°C. Calculate the van't Hoff factor.
What conclusion can you draw about the molecular state of the
solute in the solution? (ISC 2011) [ Since i> 1, this shows that
compound is ionic and undergoes dissociation in solution.]
4. Solution X is prepared by dissolving three moles of glucose in
one litre of water, and a solution Y is prepared by dissolving 1.5
moles of sodium chloride in one litre of water. Will the osmotic
pressure of X be higher, lower or equal to that of Y? Give a
reason for your answer. (ISC 2012)
5. (i) Ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze [Link] the
amount of ethylene glycol to be added to 4 kg of water to
prevent it from freezing at -6°C. (K for water = 1.85 K kg /mol)
f

(ii) The freezing point of a solution containing 0.3 gram of

acetic acid in 30 g of benzene is lowered by 0.45 K. Calculate
the van't Hoff factor. (at. wt. of C-12, H=1, 0=16, K for
f

benzene-5.12K kg/mol)

(ISC 2013)
6. (a) Define Raoult's law for the elevation of boiling point of a
solution.
(b) A 2 molal solution of sodium chloride in water causes an
elevation in the boiling point of water by 1.88 K. What is the
value of van't Hoff factor? What does it signify ? (K =0.52 K kg
b

/mol) (ISC 201

7. (a) A solution containing 0.5 g of KCl dissolved in 100g of
water and freezes at -0.24° C. Calculate the degree of
dissociation of the salt. (K for = 1.86 K kg mol) [Atomic
f

weights: K=39 (ISC 2015)

(b) 0.70 g of an organic compound when dissolved in 32 g of
acetone produces an elevation of 0.25°C in the boiling point.
Calculate the molecular mass of organic compound.
(K for acetone = 1.72K kg/ mol) (ISC 2015)
b

8. (a) A 10% aqueous solution of cane sugar (mol. wt. 342) is

isotonic with 1.754% aqueous solution of urea. Find the
molecular mass of urea.
(b) The molecular weight of an organic compound 58 g/ mol.
What will be the boiling point of a solution containing 48 grams
of the solute in 1200 grams of water?
[K for water = 0.513°C kg /mol, boiling point of water =
b

100°C]
(c)What will be the value of van't Hoff factor (i) of benzoic acid
if it dimerise in aqueous solution. How will the experimental
molecular weight vary as compared to the normal molecular
weight (ISC 2016)
9. Determine the freezing point of a solution contaning 0.625 g
of glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in 102.8 g of water.(Freezing
point of water =273 K, K for water =1.87 K kg mol, At. wt. of C
f

= 12, H=1,0=16)

(ISC 2017)
10. A 0.15 M aqueous solution of KCl exerts an osmotic
pressure of 6.8 atm at 310 K. Calculate the degree of
dissociation of KCl.
(ISC 2017)
11. Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by
dissolving 0.025 g of K SO in 2.0 litres of water at 25°C
2 4

assuming that K SO is completely dissociated. (Mol. wt. of

2 4

K2SO4 = 174 g /mol)

(ISC 2018)
12. (a) The freezing point of a solution containing 5.85 g of
NaCl in 100 g of water is -3.348° C. Calculate van't Hoff factor
'i' for this solution. What will be the experimental molecular
weight of NaCl? (K f for water = 1.86 K kg/ mol; At. wt. of Na
f

=23, Cl=35.5)
(b) An aqueous solution containing 12.48 g of barium
chloride (BaCl2) in 1000 g of water boils at 100.0832°C.
Calculate the degree of dissociation of barium chloride.
(k for water = 0.52 K kg/mol At. wt. of Ba=137,Cl = 35.5)
b

(ISC 2018)
13. Calculate the boiling point of urea solution when 6 g of
urea is dissolved in 200 g of water (K = 0.52 K kg/ mol,
b

boiling point of pure 373K, mol. wt. of urea = 60). (ISC 2019)
14. (a) When 0.4 g of acetic acid is dissolved in 40 g of
benzene, the freezing point of the solution is lowered by 0.45
K. Calculate the degree of association of acetic acid. Acetic
acid forms dimer when dissolved in benzene. (K for benzene
=5.12 K kg mol-1)
(b) A solution is prepared by dissolving 9.25 g of non-volatile
solute in 450 mL of water. It has an osmotic pressure of 350
mm of Hg at 27°C. Assuming the solute is non-electrolyte
determine its molecular mass (R = 0.0821 atm LK-1 mol-1)
(ISC 2019) [
15. (a) The elevation in boiling point when 0.30 g of acetic
acid is dissolved in 100 g of benzene is0.0633°C. Calculate
the molecular weight of acetic acid from this data. What
conclusion can you draw about the molecular state of the
solute in the solution? (Given: K for benzene = 2.53 K kg
mol-1, At. wt. of C = 12, H = 1,0 =16)
(b) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by
dissolving 0.025 g of K2SO4 in 2 litres of water at 25°C,
assuming that K2SO4 is completely dissociated. (R = 0.0821
lit-atm K mol-1, mol. wt. of K2SO4 = 174 g mol-1)
(ISC
2020)
16. (a) An aqueous solution of a non-volatile solute freezes at
272.4 K while pure water freezes at 273.0 K. Determine the
following:
(Given: K = 1.86 K kg mol-1, Kь =0.512 K kg/mol1, and
vapour pressure of water at 298 K = 23.756 mm of Hg)
(i) The molality of solution
(ii) Boiling point of solution
(iii) The lowering of vapour pressure of water at 298 K.
(b) A solution containing 1.23 g of calcium nitrate in 10 g of
water boils at 100.975°C at 760 mm of Hg. Calculate the van't
Hoff factor for the salt at this concentration. (K, for water =
0.52 K kg mol-1 mol. wt. of calcium nitrate = 164 g mol-1)
(ISC 2020)
17. 2 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of
benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to 1.62 K.
K, for benzene is 4.9 K kg mol1. What is the percentage
association of acid if it forms dimer in solution?

(ISC 2023)
18. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (molecular mass = 176
g/mol) that should be dissolved in 155 g of acetic acid to
cause a depression of freezing point by 1.15 K. Assume that
ascorbic acid does not associate or dissociate in the solution.
(Kf for acetic acid = 3.9K kg mol). (ISC
2023)
19. The osmotic pressure of blood at 37°C is 8.21 atm. How
much glucose in grams should be used per litre of aqueous
solution for an intravenous injection so that it is isotonic with
blood, (molecular weight of glucose = 180 g/mol
(ISC 2023)
14 Read the passage given below and answer the questions
that follow. (ISC 2024)
When two solutions are separated by a semi-permeable
membrane, the solvent molecules move from a solution of
lower molar concentration to a solution of higher molar
concentration through osmosis.
(i) Samar removed the outer hard shell of two different eggs
while cooking at home. He then placed one egg in pure water
and the other egg in saturated solution of sucrose. What
change is he likely to observe in the eggs after few hours?
(ii) Which solution, hypertonic or hypotonic, has a higher
amount of solute in same quantity of solution?
(iii) A 5% aqueous solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g
mol1) is isotonic with 1.66% aqueous solution of urea.
Calculate the molar mass of urea.